oracle 恢复数据

Posted 2020-10-09 wumengjuan

使用RMAN恢复数据库

由于需要搭建一个测试环境，把上周末的一个全备拿出来做恢复，首先备份一下测试库上现有的重要表：

exp banping/bangping@ERPTEST file=f:\\20090905.dmp tables=(msgtaskdef,rptcol,rptdata)

然后把全备的备份片文件和控制文件COPY过来：

rcp p5b1:/orabak/ctl_file/c-2400249746-20090828-02 /orabak
rcp p5b1:/orabak/arch/* /orabak

文件属主给Oracle：

p5b2@/orabak#chown oracle.dba *

然后启动数据库到nomount状态，进入Rman环境，restore控制文件：

$ rman target /
RMAN> restore controlfile from \'/orabak/ c-2400249746-20090828-02\';

启动到mount状态：

RMAN> sql \'alter database mount\';

根据测试库的环境重命名数据文件的位置：

run {
 allocate channel c1 device type disk;
 allocate channel c2 device type disk;
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_system\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_system\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_undotbs1\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_undotbs1\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_sysaux\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_sysaux\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_undotbs2\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_undotbs2\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_users\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_users\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_index\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_index\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_xm\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_xm\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_ht\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_ht\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_wl\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_wl\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_cw\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_cw\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_zj\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_zj\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_sp\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_sp\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_cndwl\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_cndwl\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_xdwl\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_xdwl\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_sysaux2\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_sysaux2\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp2\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp2\';
 set newname for datafile \'/dev/rdb_erp_ht2\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_ht2\';
 restore database;
 switch datafile all;
}

然后执行recover操作：

RMAN> recover database;

这时数据库报错了：

Oracle Error:
ORA-01547: warning: RECOVER succeeded but OPEN RESETLOGS would get error below
ORA-01152: file 1 was not restored from a sufficiently old backup
ORA-01110: data file 1: \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_system\'

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/04/2009 14:31:39
RMAN-06053: unable to perform media recovery because of missing log
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106090 lowscn 10440022578 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106089 lowscn 10440021828 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106088 lowscn 10440020848 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106087 lowscn 10440018779 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106086 lowscn 10440007985 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106085 lowscn 10439981571 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 2 seq 106084 lowscn 10439980750 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99356 lowscn 10440022588 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99355 lowscn 10440021839 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99354 lowscn 10440020856 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99353 lowscn 10440018824 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99352 lowscn 10440008036 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99351 lowscn 10439981670 found to restore
RMAN-06025: no backup of log thread 1 seq 99350 lowscn 10439980746 found to restore

看来有些备份片不全，于是把全备后的备份片弄过来放到/orabak/arch目录，先注册到控制文件：

RMAN> catalog start with \'/orabak/arch\';

searching for all files that match the pattern /orabak/arch

List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171285_15256_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171311_15258_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171617_15257_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171922_15259_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696172209_15260_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696172385_15261_1

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? y
cataloging files...
cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171285_15256_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171311_15258_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171617_15257_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696171922_15259_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696172209_15260_1
File Name: /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090829_696172385_15261_1

重新进行recover操作：

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at 07-SEP-09
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 1 sequence 99417 is already on disk as file /u02/ora_arch/1_99417_640266118.dbf
unable to find archive log
archive log thread=2 sequence=106154
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/07/2009 08:59:16
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 2 seq 106154 lowscn 10444622603

继续找不到需要的备份片，尝试了几次后发现会一直这样找下去：

unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=99470
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/07/2009 09:29:02
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 99470 lowscn 10444784948

由于测试用，指定SCN恢复：

RMAN> run {
2>              set until scn 10444783788;
3>              recover database ;
4> }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 07-SEP-09
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 09/07/2009 09:38:44
RMAN-06556: datafile 1 must be restored from backup older than scn 10444783788

这个通过list backup of archivelog all找出来的SCN竟然不对，继续把备份片拿回来，执行到刚才说缺失的10444784948号SCN进行恢复：

RMAN> run {
2>              set until scn 10444784948;
3>              recover database ;
4> }

executing command: SET until clause

Starting recover at 07-SEP-09
using channel ORA_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archive log thread 2 sequence 106205 is already on disk as file /u02/ora_arch/2_106205_640266118.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archive log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=99470
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090830_696257683_15267_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/orabak/arch/CNDERPDB_arch_20090830_696257683_15267_1 tag=TAG20090830T130014
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
archive log filename=/u02/ora_arch/1_99470_640266118.dbf thread=1 sequence=99470
archive log filename=/u02/ora_arch/2_106205_640266118.dbf thread=2 sequence=106205
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
Finished recover at 07-SEP-09

尝试打开后报错：

RMAN> alter database open;

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 09/07/2009 09:57:10
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

RMAN-06900: WARNING: unable to generate V$RMAN_STATUS or V$RMAN_OUTPUT row
RMAN-06901: WARNING: disabling update of the V$RMAN_STATUS and V$RMAN_OUTPUT rows
ORACLE error from target database:
ORA-19921: maximum number of 64 rows exceeded

RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of alter db command at 09/07/2009 09:57:20
ORA-00344: unable to re-create online log \'/dev/rdb_redo1_11\'
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
IBM AIX RISC System/6000 Error: 13: Permission denied

按照备份的文件，先在测试库建立一系列redo文件：

SQL> alter database rename file \'/dev/rdb_redo1_11\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_redo1_1\';

Database altered.

建立临时表空间文件，可以删除不必要的：

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/dev/rdb_erp_temp
/dev/rdb_erp_temp2
/dev/rdb_erp_temp3

SQL> alter database rename file \'/dev/rdb_erp_temp\' to \'/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_temp\';

Database altered.

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_temp
/dev/rdb_erp_temp2
/dev/rdb_erp_temp3

SQL> alter database tempfile \'/dev/rdb_erp_temp2\' drop including datafiles;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database tempfile \'/dev/rdb_erp_temp3\' drop including datafiles;

Database altered.

SQL> select name from v$tempfile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u02/oradata/erpdev2/rdb_erp_temp

由于是不完全恢复，要resetlogs打开：

SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01589: must use RESETLOGS or NORESETLOGS option for database open
SQL> alter database open resetlogs;

Database altered.

查看归档模式：

SQL> archive log list    
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            /u02/ora_arch/
Oldest online log sequence     0
Next log sequence to archive   1
Current log sequence           1

关闭归档：

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  603979776 bytes
Fixed Size                  2074704 bytes
Variable Size             318769072 bytes
Database Buffers          276824064 bytes
Redo Buffers                6311936 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter database noarchivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.