LAMP搭建 --mariadb安装和Apache安装

Posted 2020-10-08

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篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了LAMP搭建 --mariadb安装和Apache安装相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。

Mariadb安装

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[[email protected] src]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MariaDB/mariadb-10.2.6/bintar-linux-glibc_214-x86_64/mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

解压

[[email protected] src]# tar zxvf mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64.tar.gz

移动文件夹至上层目录中，并重命名

[[email protected] src]# mv mariadb-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64 /usr/local/mariadb

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/mariadb/

[[email protected] mariadb]# ls //看下是否是数据库文件

bin COPYING.thirdparty data docs include lib mysql-test README

COPYING CREDITS DESTINATION EXCEPTIONS-CLIENT INSTALL-BINARY man README.md script

初始化，指定用户名和数据库目录

./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb/ --datadir=/data/mariadb //定义了bashdir 如果不定义，就回去找mysql

！！实验中暂时没有定义

[[email protected] mariadb]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mariadb

Installing MariaDB/MySQL system tables in ‘/data/mariadb‘ ...

..................

[[email protected] mariadb]# echo $? //看下是否执行成功

[[email protected] mariadb]#

[[email protected] mariadb]# ls /data/mariadb/ //看一下数据库文件

aria_log.00000001 ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 mysql test

aria_log_control ibdata1 ib_logfile1 performance_schema

[[email protected] mariadb]# ls /data/mysql/ //对比mysql的数据库文件

auto.cnf ib_logfile0 lyon-01.err mysql test

ibdata1 ib_logfile1 lyon-01.pid performance_schema

-----> ok 和mysql差不多的文件

[[email protected] mariadb]# ls support-files/ //mariadb配置文件选个小的就行

##选择模板根据自己情况，我们选小的，后期可以添加其他的配置

binary-configure my-large.cnf mysql-log-rotate wsrep_notify

magic my-medium.cnf mysql.server

my-huge.cnf my-small.cnf policy/

my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf mysqld_multi.server wsrep.cnf

我们拷贝一个小的配置文件模板不放在/etc下了放在另外一个目录下

[[email protected] mariadb]# cp support-files/my-small.cnf /usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

拷贝开机启动的脚本

[[email protected] mariadb]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mariadb

看下mariadb的配置文件基本上不用改

修改启动脚本 vim /etc/init.d/mariadb

basedir=/usr/local/mariadb

datadir=/data/mariadb

conf=$bashdr/my.cnf

定义了 conf 还要找启动命令下面定义下：搜start 找

case "$mode" in

‘start‘)

# Start daemon

# Safeguard (relative paths, core dumps..)

cd $basedir

echo $echo_n "Starting MySQL"

if test -x $bindir/mysqld_safe

then

# Give extra arguments to mysqld with the my.cnf file. This script

# may be overwritten at next upgrade.

$bindir/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=“$conf” --datadir="$datadir" --pid-file="$mysqld_pid_file_path" "[email protected]" & //添加 --defaults-file="$conf"

[[email protected] mariadb]# ps aux |grep mysql //看下mysql服务是否启动，先关闭它

root 2812 0.0 0.0 112664 972 pts/0 R+ 15:17 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql

[[email protected] mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start //启动mariadb

Starting mariadb (via systemctl): Warning: mariadb.service changed on disk. Run ‘systemctl daemon-reload‘ to reload units.

[ 确定 ]

[[email protected] mariadb]# ps aux |grep mariadb //看下mariadb是否起来

root 2836 0.0 0.1 115380 1732 ? S 15:17 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/lyon-01.pid

mysql 2952 2.9 5.6 1125120 56560 ? Sl 15:17 0:01 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/lyon-01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/lyon-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 2994 0.0 0.0 112664 976 pts/0 S+ 15:18 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb

[[email protected] mariadb]# netstat -lntp //看下端口是否起来

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1455/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2352/master

tcp6 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 2952/mysqld

tcp6 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1455/sshd

tcp6 0 0 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 2352/master

如果报错

在/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf这个文件里的mysqld添加datadir=/data/mariadb

注意的点

[[email protected] mariadb]# ps aux |grep mariadb

root 2836 0.0 0.1 115380 1732 ? S 15:17 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mysql --pid-file=/data/mysql/lyon-01.pid

mysql 2952 0.2 6.4 1125120 64944 ? Sl 15:17 0:01 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mysql/lyon-01.err --pid-file=/data/mysql/lyon-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 3752 0.0 0.0 112664 976 pts/0 S+ 15:30 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb

[[email protected] mariadb]#

--datadir=/data/mysql 并不是我们定义的/data/mariadb 因为它调用了/etc/my.cnf配置文件

解决方案--->> 修改/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf

[mysqld]

datadir = /data/mariadb //在这里添加

port = 3306

socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

skip-external-locking

key_buffer_size = 16K

max_allowed_packet = 1M

table_open_cache = 4

sort_buffer_size = 64K

read_buffer_size = 256K

read_rnd_buffer_size = 256K

net_buffer_length = 2K

thread_stack = 240K

然后再看

[[email protected] mariadb]# killall mysqld //杀死mariadb服务

[[email protected] mariadb]# /etc/init.d/mariadb start //再次启动

Starting mariadb (via systemctl): [ 确定 ]

[[email protected] mariadb]# ps aux |grep mariadb

root 4081 0.0 0.1 115380 1744 ? S 15:43 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --datadir=/data/mariadb --pid-file=/data/mariad/lyon-01.pid

mysql 4200 4.1 5.9 1125020 59900 ? Sl 15:43 0:00 /usr/local/mariadb/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/usr/local/mariadb/my.cnf --basedir=/usr/local/mariadb --datadir=/data/mariadb --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mariadb/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/data/mariadb/lyon-01.err --pid-file=/data/mariadb/lyon-01.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306

root 4236 0.0 0.0 112664 976 pts/0 R+ 15:43 0:00 grep --color=auto mariadb

[[email protected] mariadb]#

可以看到，定义的datadir为/data/mariadb

Apache安装

Apache是一个基金会的名字，httpd才是我们要安装的软件包，早期它的名字就叫apache

Apache官网www.apache.org 下载地址失效的话，去r.aminglinux.com或官网找最新包

wget http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz

wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.5.2.tar.gz

wget http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz

apr和apr-util是一个通用的函数库，它让httpd可以不关心底层的操作系统平台，可以很方便地移植（从linux移植到windows），7自带的apr与我们httpd2.4是不通用的

tar zxvf httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz

tar zxvf apr-util-1.5.4.tar.gz

tar zxvf apr-1.5.2.tar.gz

cd /usr/local/src/apr-1.5.2

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

make && make install

实验流程

[[email protected] src]# cd /usr/local/src/

[[email protected] src]# wget 下面三个软件

2.4源码包： http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gzapr: http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-1.6.2.tar.gzapr-util: http://mirrors.hust.edu.cn/apache/apr/apr-util-1.6.0.tar.bz2

解压

tar zxvf httpd/httpd-2.4.27.tar.gz

tar zxvf apr-1.6.2.tar.gz

tar jxvf apr-util-1.6.0.tar.bz2

[[email protected] src]# cd apr-1.6.2/

[[email protected] apr-1.6.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr

。。。。。

[[email protected] apr-1.6.2]# echo $?

[[email protected] apr-1.6.2]# make && make install

[[email protected] apr-1.6.2]# ls /usr/local/apr/

bin build-1 include lib //看下是否有这几个文件

[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.0]# cd apr-util-1.6.0/

[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr

[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.0]# echo $?

[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.0]# make && make install

[[email protected] apr-util-1.6.0]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/

bin include lib //看下是否有这几个文件

cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27

./configure \ //这里的反斜杠是脱义字符，加上它我们可以把一行命令写成多行

--prefix=/usr/local/apache2.4 \

--with-apr=/usr/local/apr \

--with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util \

--enable-so \

--enable-mods-shared=most //可以扩展大多数模块

[[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# make && make install

make[1]: 离开目录“/usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.27”

[[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# echo $?

[[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]#

-----httpd安装完成

[[email protected] httpd-2.4.27]# ls /usr/local/apache2.4.7/

bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules

小知识点：

里面有很多文件我们接触比较多的是

bin 下面是可执行文件

conf 我们的配置文件所在目录

htdocs 存放访问页的目录

logs 日志相关的文件

man 帮助文档

modules 扩展模块里面有很多模块一个模块代表1个功能

下面两条命令就是查看我们安装了那些模块

# [[email protected] apache2.4.7]# /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/apachectl -M

# [[email protected] apache2.4.7]# /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/httpd -M

# static 静态模块编译进了主脚本里

# shared 扩展模块 .so的文件

[[email protected] apache2.4.7]# /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/apachectl start //启动Apache

AH00558: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using 123.129.254.12. Set the ‘ServerName‘ directive globally to suppress this message

这个提示我们不用管

[[email protected] apache2.4.7]# ps aux |grep httpd //看下进程，已经起来了

root 32706 0.0 0.2 95516 2544 ? Ss 17:36 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 32707 0.0 0.4 382344 4460 ? Sl 17:36 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 32708 0.0 0.4 382344 4460 ? Sl 17:36 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/httpd -k start

daemon 32709 0.0 0.4 382344 4460 ? Sl 17:36 0:00 /usr/local/apache2.4.7/bin/httpd -k start

root 32792 0.0 0.0 112664 972 pts/0 R+ 17:36 0:00 grep --color=auto httpd

[[email protected] apache2.4.7]# netstat -lntp //监听一下端口

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1455/sshd

tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:25 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2352/master