mysql 从源码解读.frm文件构成
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mysql的.frm文件是用于保存表结构信息的文件,最近从源码了解了一下.frm的组成,在网上也有一些大神对.frm的组成做过分享,自己再去了解一下总是没坏处的,.frm文件的创建在create_frm函数,但是这个函数只有对header部分的记录信息,具体表结构信息未找到在哪个函数生成的,不过有个open_binary_frm函数是对.frm文件的读取可以了解.frm的详细结构组成,注意下面的函数都是从5.7.19的版本中提取,5.7之前的版本可能有点不同,比如虚拟列
首先看看create_frm创建header的组成部分
File create_frm(THD *thd, const char *name, const char *db,
const char *table, uint reclength, uchar *fileinfo,
HA_CREATE_INFO *create_info, uint keys, KEY *key_info)
{
........................
if ((file= mysql_file_create(key_file_frm,
name, CREATE_MODE, create_flags, MYF(0))) >= 0)
{
size_t key_length, tmp_key_length;
uint tmp, csid;
memset(fileinfo, 0, 64);
/* header */
/*这里开始对header组装,这部分在官网文档中又介绍*/
fileinfo[0]=(uchar) 254;
fileinfo[1]= 1;
/*FRM_VER是frm文件版本*/
fileinfo[2]= FRM_VER+3+ MY_TEST(create_info->varchar);
/*表引擎类型的记录,ha_legacy_type这个enum类型中记录了所有mysql目前支持的引擎类型*/
fileinfo[3]= (uchar) ha_legacy_type(
ha_checktype(thd,ha_legacy_type(create_info->db_type),0,0));
fileinfo[4]=1;
/*这里记录IO_SIZE=4096,在frm中一次写入都是按4k大小计算*/
int2store(fileinfo+6,IO_SIZE);/* Next block starts here */
/*
Keep in sync with pack_keys() in unireg.cc
For each key:
8 bytes for the key header
9 bytes for each key-part (MAX_REF_PARTS)
NAME_LEN bytes for the name
1 byte for the NAMES_SEP_CHAR (before the name)
For all keys:
6 bytes for the header
1 byte for the NAMES_SEP_CHAR (after the last name)
9 extra bytes (padding for safety? alignment?)
*/
/*下面这个for循环有对索引备注进行操作,索引存储固定6bytes作为header,每个索引有8bytes记录索引基础信息,9bytes记录索引的每个字段信息,如果是组合索引,有几个字段就需要几个9bytes,这个再open_binary_frm中可以得到印证*/
for (i= 0; i < keys; i++)
{
DBUG_ASSERT(MY_TEST(key_info[i].flags & HA_USES_COMMENT) ==
(key_info[i].comment.length > 0));
if (key_info[i].flags & HA_USES_COMMENT)
key_comment_total_bytes += 2 + key_info[i].comment.length;
}
/*这下面都是对数据的存储*/
key_length= keys * (8 + MAX_REF_PARTS * 9 + NAME_LEN + 1) + 16
+ key_comment_total_bytes;
length= next_io_size((ulong) (IO_SIZE+key_length+reclength+
create_info->extra_size));
int4store(fileinfo+10,length);
tmp_key_length= (key_length < 0xffff) ? key_length : 0xffff;
int2store(fileinfo+14, static_cast<uint16>(tmp_key_length));
int2store(fileinfo+16,reclength);
int4store(fileinfo+18, static_cast<uint32>(create_info->max_rows));
int4store(fileinfo+22, static_cast<uint32>(create_info->min_rows));
/* fileinfo[26] is set in mysql_create_frm() */
fileinfo[27]=2;// Use long pack-fields
/* fileinfo[28 & 29] is set to key_info_length in mysql_create_frm() */
create_info->table_options|=HA_OPTION_LONG_BLOB_PTR; // Use portable blob pointers
int2store(fileinfo+30, static_cast<uint16>(create_info->table_options));
fileinfo[32]=0;// No filename anymore
fileinfo[33]=5; // Mark for 5.0 frm file
int4store(fileinfo+34,create_info->avg_row_length);
csid= (create_info->default_table_charset ?
create_info->default_table_charset->number : 0);
fileinfo[38]= (uchar) csid;
/*
In future versions, we will store in fileinfo[39] the values of the
TRANSACTIONAL and PAGE_CHECKSUM clauses of CREATE TABLE.
*/
fileinfo[39]= 0;
fileinfo[40]= (uchar) create_info->row_type;
/* Bytes 41-46 were for RAID support; now reused for other purposes */
fileinfo[41]= (uchar) (csid >> 8);
int2store(fileinfo+42, create_info->stats_sample_pages & 0xffff);
fileinfo[44]= (uchar) create_info->stats_auto_recalc;
fileinfo[45]= 0;
fileinfo[46]= 0;
int4store(fileinfo+47, static_cast<uint32>(key_length));
tmp= MYSQL_VERSION_ID; // Store to avoid warning from int4store
int4store(fileinfo+51, tmp);
int4store(fileinfo+55, create_info->extra_size);
/*
59-60 is reserved for extra_rec_buf_length,
61 for default_part_db_type
*/
int2store(fileinfo+62, static_cast<uint16>(create_info->key_block_size));
.........................................................................
} /* create_frm */
从函数代码得出64bytes的组成如下:
position,bytes(64字节的header)
0,1: 固定值254
1,1: 固定值1
2,1: FRM_VER+3+MY_TEST(create_info->varchar) frm_ver表示frm文件版本号
3,1: (uchar) ha_legacy_type(ha_checktype(thd,ha_legacy_type(create_info->db_type),0,0)) 引擎类型
4,1: 固定值1
5,1: 0
6,2: IO_size=4096
8,2: 固定值
10,4: Length, based on key_length + rec_length + create_info->extra_size
14,2: tmp_key_length
16,2: reclength
18,4: max_rows
22,4: min_rows
26,1: 0
27,1: 固定值2
28,2: key_info_length
30,2: blob指针,create_info->table_options
32,1: 固定值0
33,1: 固定值5 代表frm版本为5.0
34,4: create_info->avg_row_length 行平均长度
38,1: 表默认字符集编号
39,1: 固定值0
40,1: create_info->row_type
41,6: 这6个字节记录RAID支持
47,4: key_length 用于偏移读取默认值信息,默认值其实位置在io_size+(key_length or tmp_key_length)
51,4: mysql版本号
55,4: create_info->extra_size
59,2: extra_rec_buf_length
61,1: default_part_db_type 分区表类型
62,2: create_info->key_block_size
下面再看open_binary_frm的组成
static int open_binary_frm(THD *thd, TABLE_SHARE *share, uchar *head,
File file)
{
...............................................................................................................................
field_pack_length= new_frm_ver < 2 ? 11 : 17; //单个字段基本信息占用字节数
disk_buff= 0;
error= 3;
/* Position of the form in the form file. */
if (!(pos= get_form_pos(file, head)))//pos是字段保存信息的起始位置,由header[4:6] + (header[8:10] * 4)决定,记录在(header[8:10] * 4)头4bytes中
goto err; /* purecov: inspected */
mysql_file_seek(file,pos,MY_SEEK_SET,MYF(0));
if (mysql_file_read(file, forminfo,288,MYF(MY_NABP))) //288个基本字节
goto err;
/*这一部分是对.frm的header进行读取,和create_frm差不多,直接省略*/
.......................................................................................................................................................
/* Read keyinformation */
key_info_length= (uint) uint2korr(head+28); //索引占的总字节数,在.frm的header中,偏移位置是28占用2bytes
mysql_file_seek(file, (ulong) uint2korr(head+6), MY_SEEK_SET, MYF(0)); //跳到4096字节处(IO_SIZE),frm文件头的64字节也包含在其中,为固定字节
if (read_string(file, &disk_buff,key_info_length)) //读取索引信息到disk_buff中
goto err; /* purecov: inspected */
if (disk_buff[0] & 0x80)
{
share->keys= keys= (disk_buff[1] << 7) | (disk_buff[0] & 0x7f);
share->key_parts= key_parts= uint2korr(disk_buff+2);
}
else
{
share->keys= keys= disk_buff[0]; //索引数量
share->key_parts= key_parts= disk_buff[1]; //所有索引的字段数
}
share->keys_for_keyread.init(0);
share->keys_in_use.init(keys);
strpos=disk_buff+6; // 6字节的索引基本信息
use_extended_sk=
ha_check_storage_engine_flag(share->db_type(),
HTON_SUPPORTS_EXTENDED_KEYS);
uint total_key_parts;
if (use_extended_sk)
{
uint primary_key_parts= keys ?
(new_frm_ver >= 3) ? (uint) strpos[4] : (uint) strpos[3] : 0;
total_key_parts= key_parts + primary_key_parts * (keys - 1);
}
else
total_key_parts= key_parts;
n_length= keys * sizeof(KEY) + total_key_parts * sizeof(KEY_PART_INFO); //索引部分总长度,key长度为8,key_part_info的长度为9
..........................................................................................................................................................
//循环解析索引
for (i=0 ; i < keys ; i++, keyinfo++)
{
keyinfo->table= 0; // Updated in open_frm
if (new_frm_ver >= 3)
{
keyinfo->flags= (uint) uint2korr(strpos) ^ HA_NOSAME;
keyinfo->key_length= (uint) uint2korr(strpos+2); //索引总长度
keyinfo->user_defined_key_parts= (uint) strpos[4]; //索引字段数
keyinfo->algorithm= (enum ha_key_alg) strpos[5]; //索引类型,btree、hash、fulltext
keyinfo->block_size= uint2korr(strpos+6);
strpos+=8; //一个key占用8个字节,跳过继续
}
...........................................................................................................................................................
// 循环解析索引字段
for (j=keyinfo->user_defined_key_parts ; j-- ; key_part++)
{
*rec_per_key++ = 0;
*rec_per_key_float++ = REC_PER_KEY_UNKNOWN;
key_part->fieldnr=(uint16) (uint2korr(strpos) & FIELD_NR_MASK);
key_part->offset= (uint) uint2korr(strpos+2)-1; //record字节偏移量
key_part->key_type=(uint) uint2korr(strpos+5); //字段类型
// key_part->field=(Field*) 0;// Will be fixed later
if (new_frm_ver >= 1)
{
key_part->key_part_flag= *(strpos+4);
key_part->length=(uint) uint2korr(strpos+7); //字段长度
strpos+=9;//一个字段的信息占用9bytes,指针跳过继续下一个字段信息
}
.........................................................................................................................................................
}
//****循环解析索引字段
..............................................................................................................................................................
}
//****循环解析索引
keynames=(char*) key_part;
strpos+= (my_stpcpy(keynames, (char *) strpos) - keynames)+1;
//reading index comments
................................................................................................................................................................
record_offset= (ulong) (uint2korr(head+6)+
((uint2korr(head+14) == 0xffff ?
uint4korr(head+47) : uint2korr(head+14)))); // 读取字段默认数据的偏移量
................................................................................................................................................................
/*默认值读取
error=4;
extra_rec_buf_length= uint2korr(head+59);
rec_buff_length= ALIGN_SIZE(share->reclength + 1 + extra_rec_buf_length);
share->rec_buff_length= rec_buff_length;
if (!(record= (uchar *) alloc_root(&share->mem_root,
rec_buff_length)))
goto err; /* purecov: inspected */
share->default_values= record;
if (mysql_file_pread(file, record, (size_t) share->reclength,
record_offset, MYF(MY_NABP)))
goto err; /* purecov: inspected */
*/
/*读取字段信息,偏移量pos上面已经计算出来,288个基本字节信息也读取到forminfo中*/
mysql_file_seek(file, pos+288, MY_SEEK_SET, MYF(0));
share->fields= uint2korr(forminfo+258);//表字段数
pos= uint2korr(forminfo+260); /* Length of all screens */ //基础信息字节长度
n_length= uint2korr(forminfo+268); //所有字段名记录长度
interval_count= uint2korr(forminfo+270);//enum、set类字段数
interval_parts= uint2korr(forminfo+272);
int_length= uint2korr(forminfo+274); //enum、set类字段内容所占长度
share->null_fields= uint2korr(forminfo+282); //允许为空的字段数
com_length= uint2korr(forminfo+284);//字段注释所占长度
gcol_screen_length= uint2korr(forminfo+286); //虚拟列所占字节
share->vfields= 0;
share->stored_fields= share->fields;
if (forminfo[46] != (uchar)255)
{
share->comment.length= (int) (forminfo[46]);
share->comment.str= strmake_root(&share->mem_root, (char*) forminfo+47,
share->comment.length);
}
...........................................................................................................................................................................
share->field= field_ptr;
read_length=(uint) (share->fields * field_pack_length +
pos+ (uint) (n_length+int_length+com_length+
gcol_screen_length));
if (read_string(file, &disk_buff,read_length))
goto err; /* purecov: inspected */
strpos= disk_buff+pos;//跳过pos的长度
share->intervals= (TYPELIB*) (field_ptr+share->fields+1);
interval_array= (const char **) (share->intervals+interval_count);
names= (char*) (interval_array+share->fields+interval_parts+keys+3);
if (!interval_count)
share->intervals= 0;// For better debugging
memcpy(names, strpos+(share->fields*field_pack_length),//获取字段名字节
(uint) (n_length+int_length));
orig_comment_pos= comment_pos= names+(n_length+int_length);//获取注释
memcpy(comment_pos, disk_buff+read_length-com_length-gcol_screen_length,
com_length);
orig_gcol_screen_pos= gcol_screen_pos= names+(n_length+int_length+com_length);
memcpy(gcol_screen_pos, disk_buff+read_length-gcol_screen_length,
gcol_screen_length);//获取虚拟列信息
..............................................................................................................................................................................
/*循环获取字段信息*/
for (i=0 ; i < share->fields; i++, strpos+=field_pack_length)
{
//这里有对虚拟列的判断
if (new_frm_ver >= 3 &&
(strpos[10] & Field::GENERATED_FIELD) && // Field::unireg_check 是否为虚拟列
! (bool) (uint) (gcol_screen_pos[3])) // Field::stored_in_db 是否存储
{
comment_pos+= uint2korr(strpos+15);
gcol_screen_pos+= uint2korr(gcol_screen_pos + 1) + FRM_GCOL_HEADER_SIZE;
has_vgc= true;
}
else
{
if ((error= make_field_from_frm(thd, share,
new_frm_ver, use_hash,
i, strpos,
format_section_fields,
&comment_pos,
&gcol_screen_pos,
&null_pos,
&null_bit_pos,
&errarg)))
goto err;
}
}
..............................................................................................................................................................
// 获取索引信息
/* Fix key->name and key_part->field */
if (key_parts)
{
const int pk_off= find_type(primary_key_name, &share->keynames,
FIND_TYPE_NO_PREFIX);
uint primary_key= (pk_off > 0 ? pk_off-1 : MAX_KEY);
longlong ha_option= handler_file->ha_table_flags();
keyinfo= share->key_info;
key_part= keyinfo->key_part;
for (uint key=0 ; key < share->keys ; key++,keyinfo++)
{
.........................................................................................................................................................
for (i=0 ; i < keyinfo->user_defined_key_parts ; key_part++,i++)
{
Field *field;
if (new_field_pack_flag <= 1)
key_part->fieldnr= (uint16) find_field(share->field,
share->default_values,
(uint) key_part->offset,
(uint) key_part->length);
if (!key_part->fieldnr)
{
error= 4; // Wrong file
goto err;
}
field= key_part->field= share->field[key_part->fieldnr-1];
key_part->type= field->key_type();
if (field->real_maybe_null())
{
key_part->null_offset=field->null_offset(share->default_values);
key_part->null_bit= field->null_bit;
key_part->store_length+=HA_KEY_NULL_LENGTH;
keyinfo->flags|=HA_NULL_PART_KEY;
keyinfo->key_length+= HA_KEY_NULL_LENGTH;
}
if (field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_BLOB ||
field->real_type() == MYSQL_TYPE_VARCHAR ||
field->type() == MYSQL_TYPE_GEOMETRY)
{
key_part->store_length+=HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH;
if (i + 1 <= keyinfo->user_defined_key_parts)
keyinfo->key_length+= HA_KEY_BLOB_LENGTH;
}
key_part->init_flags();
....................................................................................................................................................................
//判断是否为自增
if (share->found_next_number_field)
{
Field *reg_field= *share->found_next_number_field;
if ((int) (share->next_number_index= (uint)
find_ref_key(share->key_info, share->keys,
share->default_values, reg_field,
&share->next_number_key_offset,
&share->next_number_keypart)) < 0)
{
/* Wrong field definition */
error= 4;
goto err;
}
else
reg_field->flags |= AUTO_INCREMENT_FLAG;
}//**判断是否为自增
.......................................................................................................................................................................
} /* open_binary_frm */
代码量太大,很多地方都做了省略,下面来做个文字解释:
索引部分:
6bytes: 记录索引基本信息
0,1:1bytes 索引数
1,1: 1bytes 用于索引的字段数
4,2: 2bytes 索引信息结束后存储索引名的字节长度
8bytes: 记录单个索引信息
0,2: flags 1代表唯一有唯一约束,普通为0
2,2: 索引总长度
4,1: 索引字段数,有多少字段,后面就有多少个9bytes
5,1: 索引类型
6,2: block_size
9bytes: 记录所有单个字段信息
0,1: 字段在表中的编号
2,2: record字节偏移量
5,2: 字段类型
7,2: 字段长度
后面紧跟索引名:
ff+索引名
表字段部分:
288bytes基本信息
46,1: 表注释所占长度,后面紧跟注释内容
258,2: 两个字节记录字段数
260,2: 字段基本信息长度
268,2: 所有字段名长度,每个字段名以ff隔开
284,2: 字段注释所占长度
288字节后紧跟字段信息,格式排列顺序:
content_pos: 基础信息
fields*17 : 字段信息
n_length: 字段名总长度
int_length : 紧跟字段之后,为enum、set类型的值
com_length: 字段注释长度
gcol_screen: 虚拟列信息
0,1: 固定值1
1,3: 虚拟列信息长度
3,0: 是否存储数据
剩余的为信息
如有多个虚拟列,循环上面的字节排序
17bytes记录字段信息:
3,5: 字段类型
5,8: 记录偏移量
8,10: flags
10,11: 是否为虚拟列
12,13: enum、set类型的顺序号
13,14: 字段类型
14,15: 字段字符类型
15,17: 字段注释长度
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