Oracle静默安装
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测试CentOS 6.5_x64下静默安装Oracle 11g R2数据库
【一、下载地址】
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
Oracle 11g 联机文档:
http://www.oracle.com/pls/db112/homepage
【二、系统要求】
内存:1G(官方最低要求1G)
硬盘:40G(企业版安装所需4.29G和1.7G数据文件)
检查的命令
内存
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 1906488 kB
交换空间
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 8388604 kB
磁盘空间
# df -ah
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 42G 6.0G 34G 16% /
proc 0 0 0 - /proc
sysfs 0 0 0 - /sys
devpts 0 0 0 - /dev/pts
tmpfs 931M 0 931M 0% /dev/shm
none 0 0 0 - /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
【三、安装前系统准备】
1、修改主机名
# sed -i "s/HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain/HOSTNAME=oracledb/" /etc/sysconfig/network
# hostname dbserver
2、添加主机名与IP对应记录
#vi /etc/hosts
10.10.10.111 dbserver
3、关闭Selinux
# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config
# setenforce 0
# rpm -q binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel
binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.42.el6.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-0.158-3.2.el6.x86_64
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.158-3.2.el6.x86_64
gcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
package glibc-2.5 is not installed
glibc-common-2.12-1.149.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.149.el6.i686
glibc-headers-2.12-1.149.el6.x86_64
ksh-20120801-21.el6.x86_64
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
libgcc-4.4.7-11.el6.i686
libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-4.4.7-11.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.4.7-11.el6.i686
make-3.81-20.el6.x86_64
sysstat-9.0.4-27.el6.x86_64
unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.i686
unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.i686
#
4、创建用户和组(root用户:创建Oracle安装组oinstall,数据库管理员组dba,及oracle用户)
#
# groupadd -g 500 oinstall
# groupadd -g 501 dba
# useradd -u 500 -g oinstall -G dba oracle (主组oinstall,其它组:dba)
# passwd oracle
5、修改内核参数
# vi /etc/sysctl.conf #末尾添加如下
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 10523004
kernel.shmmax = 6465333657
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
# sysctl -p #使配置生效
6、修改系统资源限制
# vi /etc/security/limits.conf #末尾添加如下
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
7、修改用户验证选项,增加如下内容:
# vi /etc/pam.d/login
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
8、修改用户配置文件
# vi/ etc/profile
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
9、创建安装目录及设置权限
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
# vim /etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/u01/app/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
# chown oracle:oinstall /etc/oraInst.loc
# chmod 644 /etc/oraInst.loc
[[email protected] soft]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[[email protected] soft]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory
[[email protected] soft]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
[[email protected] soft]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory
[[email protected] soft]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
[[email protected] soft]# chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oraInventory
10、设置oracle环境变量
#su - oracle
$ vim ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ORADB
注意,除了ORACLE_BASE和ORACLE_SID,(/etc/profile和.bash_profile中)不设置任何oracle相关环境变量(ORACLE_HOME, PATH, LD_LIBRARY_PATH等)。
完成后查看环境变量是否完成:
$ env |grep ORA
ORACLE_SID=ORADB
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
【四、安装Oracle】
1. 解压Oracle软件
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
2.图形界面安装略。(通常的生产环境是不安装图形界面的)
# xhost + #使所有用户都能访问图形桌面
# su - oracle
#.~/database/runInstaller
输入接受一些安全问题的邮件地址
3.字符界面下安装oracle
解压后得到database目录,其中包含response目录,该目录中有三个rsp文件,用来作为静默安装时的应答文件的模板。
三个文件作用分别是:
db_install.rsp:安装应答
dbca.rsp: 创建数据库应答
netca.rsp: 建立监听、本地服务名等网络设置的应答
将db_install.rsp备份一份,在其基础上修改内容, 将create database段中内容设置好即可。
4.修改静默安装的配置文件
$ less /soft/database/response/db_install.rsp |grep -v "#"|grep -v "^$"
oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v11_2_0
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracledb
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false
oracle.install.db.customComponents=oracle.server:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.sysman.ccr:10.2.4.0.0,oracle.xdk:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.oci:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.network:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.network.listener:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.options:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.partitioning:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.oraolap:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dm:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.dv:11.2.0.4.0,orcle.rdbms.lbac:11.2.0.4.0,oracle.rdbms.rat:11.2.0.4.0
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=ORADB
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=ORADB
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableSecuritySettings=true
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.control=DB_CONTROL
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.gridcontrol.gridControlServiceURL=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.enableEmailNotification=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.emailAddress=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.dbcontrol.SMTPServer=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.enable=false
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.osuid=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.automatedBackup.ospwd=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=FILE_SYSTEM_STORAGE
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=
oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=
MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=
MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //一定要设为 true
PROXY_HOST=
PROXY_PORT=
PROXY_USER=
PROXY_PWD=
5.开始静默安装
$ /opt/database/runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /soft/database/response/db_install.rsp
[[email protected] database]$ ./runInstaller -silent -force -responseFile /soft/database/response/db_install.rsp
正在启动 Oracle Universal Installer...
检查临时空间: 必须大于 120 MB。 实际为 33830 MB 通过
检查交换空间: 必须大于 150 MB。 实际为 8191 MB 通过
准备从以下地址启动 Oracle Universal Installer /tmp/OraInstall2017-09-20_10-00-29AM. 请稍候...[[email protected] database]$ 可以在志:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2017-09-20_10-00-29AM.log
Oracle Database 11g 的 安装 已成功。
请查看 ‘/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2017-09-20_10-00-29AM.log‘ 以获取详细资料。
/opt/app/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
安装完毕后会提示上述的信息,按照要求执行上述脚本即可。
6.设置oracle用户.bahs_profile文件
su - oralce
修改.bash_profile如下:
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=ORADB
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export PATH=.:${PATH}:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/bin/X11:/usr/local/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/oracm/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/JRE/lib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/network/jlib
export LIBPATH=${CLASSPATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/ctx/lib
export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export SPFILE_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
export ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data
【五、配置监听程序】
[[email protected] bin]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca /silent /responseFile /soft/database/response/netca.rsp
Parsing command line arguments:
Parameter "silent" = true
Parameter "responsefile" = /soft/database/response/netca.rsp
Done parsing command line arguments.
Oracle Net Services Configuration:
Profile configuration complete.
Listener "LISTENER" already exists.
Oracle Net Services configuration successful. The exit code is 0
启动监控程序
$lsnrctl start或/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/lsnrctl start LISTENER
[[email protected] database]$ lsnrctl start
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 20-SEP-2017 10:26:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...
TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dbserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbserver)(PORT=1521)))
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 20-SEP-2017 10:26:38
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 20 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/dbserver/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=dbserver)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
$
静默dbca建库
[email protected]]$ vim /soft/database/response/dbca.rsp
GDBNAME = "ORADB" //78行 全局数据库的名字=SID+主机域名
SID="ORADB" //149行 SID
CHARACTERSET="AL32UTF8" //415行 编码
NATIONALCHARACTERSET="UTF8" //425行 编码
[[email protected] response]$ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -responseFile /soft/database/response/dbca.rsp
Enter SYS user password:
Enter SYSTEM user password:
复制数据库文件
1% 已完成
3% 已完成
37% 已完成
正在创建并启动 Oracle 实例
40% 已完成
45% 已完成
50% 已完成
55% 已完成
56% 已完成
60% 已完成
62% 已完成
正在进行数据库创建
66% 已完成
70% 已完成
73% 已完成
85% 已完成
96% 已完成
100% 已完成
有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ORADB/ORADB.log"。
[[email protected] db_1]$
启动数据库
[[email protected] ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Feb 16 14:26:57 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 3290345472 bytes
Fixed Size 2217832 bytes
Variable Size 1795164312 bytes
Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes
Redo Buffers 16568320 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>
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