11.2.0.4oracle数据库rac安装

Posted 2020-08-16

RAC搭建手册

RAC搭建手册... 1

一．环境介绍... 1

二．配置hostname和hosts文件两台都需要设置... 1

三．关闭防火墙，NTP服务，关闭selinux. 2

四．创建必要的用户、组和目录，并授权... 2

五. 节点配置检查... 3

六．参数文件修改... 3

七．安装所需的依赖包... 4

八．添加软连接... 4

九．配置grid和oracle用户环境变量... 5

十．配置grid用户互信... 5

十一.配置裸盘... 7

十二.grid安装... 8

十三.asm磁盘组创建... 27

十四.安装oracle software. 32

 

一．环境介绍

  

scan-ip	172.20.0.174
rac1-public ip	172.20.0.25
rac2-public ip	172.20.0.26
rac1-vip	172.20.0.186
rac2-vip	172.20.0.189
rac1-private ip	192.168.2.112
rac2-private ip	192.168.2.107

 

二．配置hostname和hosts文件两台都需要设置

172.20.0.25 rac1:

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=rac1

172.20.0.26 rac2

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=rac2

 

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/hosts 172.20.0.25 rac1 172.20.0.186 rac1-vip 192.168.2.112 rac1-priv 172.20.0.26 rac2 172.20.0.189 rac2-vip 192.168.2.107 rac2-priv 172.20.0.174 scan-ip

三．关闭防火墙，NTP服务，关闭selinux

rac1和rac2都需要关闭

 

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux SELINUX=disabled 这里需要重启生效 [[email protected] ~]# getenforce disabled [[email protected] ~]#/etc/init.d/iptables stop [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig iptables off [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig ntpd off

四．创建必要的用户、组和目录，并授权

两个节点rac1和rac2都需要创建，这里只演示rac1上面的操作。

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1000 oinstall [[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1020 asmadmin [[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1021 asmdba [[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1022 asmoper [[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1031 dba [[email protected] ~]# /usr/sbin/groupadd -g 1032 oper [[email protected] ~]# useradd -d /opt/grid -u 1100 -g oinstall  -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid [[email protected] ~]# useradd -d /opt/oracle -u 1101 -g  oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle [[email protected] ~]# passwd oracle Changing password for user oracle. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is based on a dictionary word BAD PASSWORD: is too simple Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [[email protected] ~]# passwd grid Changing password for user grid. New password: BAD PASSWORD: it is too short BAD PASSWORD: is too simple Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/11.2.0/grid [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/grid [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /u01/app/oracle [[email protected] ~]# chown -R grid:oinstall /u01 [[email protected] ~]# chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle [[email protected] ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01/ [[email protected] ~]#

五. 节点配置检查

查看内存和swap大小，内存大小：至少2.5GB

[email protected] ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo MemTotal:        8061904  kB [[email protected] ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo SwapTotal:        3145720 kB [[email protected] ~]#

 

六．参数文件修改

（1）内核参数设置：

[[email protected]  ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf #  Controls the maximum shared segment size, in bytes kernel.shmmax  = 68719476736（已有）物理内存的1/2（M）*1024*1024   #  Controls the maximum number of shared memory segments, in pages kernel.shmall  = 4294967296（已有） #oracle  setting fs.aio-max-nr  = 1048576 fs.file-max  = 6815744 kernel.shmmni  = 4096 kernel.sem  = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range  = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default  = 262144 net.core.rmem_max  = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default  = 262144 net.core.wmem_max  = 1048576

 

#/sbin/sysctl -p 执行该命令，使修改生效

 

[[email protected]  ~]# /sbin/sysctl -p

（2）配置oracle、grid用户的shell限制 

[[email protected]  ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf  oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle  hard nproc 16384 oracle  soft nofile 1024 oracle  hard nofile 65536 oracle  soft stack 10240 grid  soft nproc 2047 grid  hard nproc 16384 grid  soft nofile 1024 grid  hard nofile 65536

（3）配置login 

[[email protected]  ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/login  session required pam_limits.so

七．安装所需的依赖包

 

yum -y install binutils  compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ yum -y install glibc glibc-common  glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel yum -y install libgcc libstdc++  libstdc++-devel make numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel yum install libcap

八．添加软连接

 

[[email protected] ~]# cd /lib64 ln -s libcap.so.2 libcap.so.1

九．配置grid和oracle用户环境变量

Oracle_sid需要根据节点不同进行修改 

[[email protected]  ~]# su - grid   [[email protected] ~]$ vi .bash_profile export  TMP=/tmp export  TMPDIR=$TMP export  ORACLE_SID=+ASM1  # RAC1 export  ORACLE_SID=+ASM2  # RAC2 export  ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/grid export  ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/11.2.0/grid export  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export  PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib export  CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib umask  022

需要注意的是ORACLE_UNQNAME是数据库名，创建数据库时指定多个节点是会创建多个实例，ORACLE_SID指的是数据库实例名

[[email protected]  ~]# su - oracle   [[email protected] ~]$ vi .bash_profile export  TMP=/tmp export  TMPDIR=$TMP export  ORACLE_SID=orcl1  # RAC1 export  ORACLE_SID=orcl2  # RAC2 export  ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl export  ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle export  ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 export  TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin export  PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH export  PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH export  LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib

$ source .bash_profile使配置文件生效

十．手工配置grid用户互信

配置过程如下： 各节点生成Keys： 配置过程如下： 各节点生成Keys： [[email protected]  ~]# su - grid [[email protected]  ~]$ mkdir ~/.ssh [[email protected]  ~]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh [[email protected]  ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa [[email protected]  ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa [[email protected]  ~]# su - grid [[email protected]  ~]$ mkdir ~/.ssh [[email protected]  ~]$ chmod 700 ~/.ssh [[email protected]  ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa [[email protected]  ~]$ ssh-keygen -t dsa   在节点1上进行互信配置： [[email protected]  ~]$ touch ~/.ssh/authorized_keys [[email protected]  ~]$ cd ~/.ssh [[email protected]  .ssh]$ ssh rac1 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys [[email protected]  .ssh]$ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> authorized_keys [[email protected]  .ssh]$ ssh rac1 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys [[email protected]  .ssh]$ ssh rac2 cat ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub >> authorized_keys   在rac1把存储公钥信息的验证文件传送到rac2上 [[email protected]  .ssh]$ pwd /home/grid/.ssh [[email protected]  .ssh]$ scp authorized_keys rac2:‘pwd‘ [email protected]‘s  password: authorized_keys  100% 1644 1.6KB/s 00:00   设置验证文件的权限 在每一个节点执行： $  chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys   启用用户一致性 在你要运行OUI的节点以grid用户运行(这里选择rac1)： [[email protected]  .ssh]$ exec /usr/bin/ssh-agent $SHELL [[email protected]  .ssh]$ ssh-add Identity  added: /home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa (/home/grid/.ssh/id_rsa) Identity  added: /home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa (/home/grid/.ssh/id_dsa)   验证ssh配置是否正确 以grid用户在所有节点分别执行： ssh  rac1 date ssh  rac2 date ssh  rac1-priv date ssh  rac2-priv date   如果不需要输入密码就可以输出时间，说明ssh验证配置成功。必须把以上命令在两个节点都运行，每一个命令在第一次执行的时候需要输入yes。 如果不运行这些命令，即使ssh验证已经配好，安装clusterware的时候也会出现错误： The  specified nodes are not clusterable 因为，配好ssh后，还需要在第一次访问时输入yes，才算是真正的无障碍访问其他服务器。

 

需要注意的是生成密钥时不设置密码，授权文件权限为600，同时需要两个节点互相ssh通过一次。

十一.配置裸盘

使用asm管理存储需要裸盘，前面配置了共享硬盘到两台主机上。配置裸盘的方式有两种（1）oracleasm添加

（2）/etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules配置文件添加(字符方式帮绑定udev)

采用第二种

fdisk /dev/sdb Command (m forhelp): n Command action    e   extended    p   primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 ……. 这里我分了三个区：OCR(投票盘),DATA（数据文件））,FAR（快速恢复区） 最后 w 命令保存更改 partx -a /dev/sdb

 

分别在两个节点创建裸设备映射（两个节点都要编辑）（两个节点都要编辑）

 

[[email protected] rules.d]# vi  /etc/udev/rules.d/60-raw.rules # Enter raw device bindings here. # # An example would be: #    ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sda", RUN+="/bin/raw  /dev/raw/raw1 %N" # to bind /dev/raw/raw1 to /dev/sda, or #    ACTION=="add", ENV{MAJOR}=="8",  ENV{MINOR}=="1", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %M %m" # to bind /dev/raw/raw2 to the device  with major 8, minor 1. ACTION=="add", KERNEL=="sdb1",  RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw1 %N" ACTION=="add",  KERNEL=="sdb2", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw2 %N" ACTION=="add",  KERNEL=="sdb3", RUN+="/bin/raw /dev/raw/raw3 %N" KERNEL=="raw[1-3]",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin"  MODE="660"

 

启动并查看裸盘

[[email protected] ~]# start_udev Starting udev:                                              [  OK  ] [[email protected] ~]# ll /dev/raw/ total 0 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 1 Apr 13  13:51 raw1 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 2 Apr 13  13:51 raw2 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 3 Apr 13  13:51 raw3 crw-rw---- 1 root disk     162, 0 Apr 13 13:51 rawctl

 

[[email protected] rules.d]# raw -qa /dev/raw/raw1:       bound to major 8, minor 17 /dev/raw/raw2:       bound to major 8, minor 18 /dev/raw/raw3:       bound to major 8, minor 19 查看裸设备的主从设备号 [[email protected] rules.d]# ls -l /dev/raw/ total 0 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 1  Aug  5 12:44 raw1 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 2  Aug  5 12:44 raw2 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 3  Aug  5 12:44 raw3

 

节点2强制刷新

[[email protected] rules.d]# partprobe [[email protected] ~]# start_udev Starting udev:                                              [  OK  ] [[email protected] rules.d]# raw -qa /dev/raw/raw1:       bound to major 8, minor 17 /dev/raw/raw2:       bound to major 8, minor 18 /dev/raw/raw3:       bound to major 8, minor 19 查看裸设备的主从设备号 [[email protected] rules.d]# ls -l /dev/raw/ total 0 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 1  Aug  5 12:44 raw1 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 2  Aug  5 12:44 raw2 crw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 162, 3  Aug  5 12:44 raw3

 

十二.grid安装

rac1到grid软件目录下执行runcluvfy.sh命令开始预安装检查：

在grid下解压grid，执行预安装检查。

[[email protected]  ~]$ cd grid/ [[email protected]  grid]$ ls install  readme.html   response  rpm  runcluvfy.sh  runInstaller  sshsetup   stage  welcome.html [[email protected]  grid]$ pwd /opt/grid/grid [[email protected]  grid]$ ./runcluvfy.sh stage -pre crsinst -n rac1,rac2 -fixup -verbose

查看cvu报告，修正错误, 各项都检查通过即可开始安装grid

登陆到图形化界面

[[email protected]  ~]#xhost + [[email protected]  ~]#su – grid [[email protected]  ~]$cd grid [[email protected]  grid]$./runInstaller

已经手动做过互信，这里可以跳过，直接下一步

在两个节点上分别执行这两个脚本

执行脚本时注意顺序，一定是先执行rac1，然后去rac2上执行

执行完之后点击ok

rac1:

[[email protected] ~]# cd  /u01/app/oraInventory/ [[email protected] oraInventory]#  ./orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of  /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions  for group. Removing read,write,execute  permissions for world.   Changing groupname of  /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script  is complete. [[email protected] oraInventory]#  clear [[email protected] oraInventory]# cd  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/ [[email protected] grid]# ./root.sh Performing root user  operation for Oracle 11g   The following environment  variables are set as:     ORACLE_OWNER= grid     ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid   Enter the full pathname of  the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:    Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...    Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...    Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...     Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the  /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration  Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part  of root script. Now product-specific root  actions will be performed.   Using configuration parameter  file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params Creating trace directory User ignored Prerequisites  during installation Installing Trace File  Analyzer OLR initialization -  successful   root wallet   root wallet cert   root cert export   peer wallet   profile reader wallet   pa wallet   peer wallet keys   pa wallet keys   peer cert request   pa cert request   peer cert   pa cert   peer root cert TP   profile reader root cert TP   pa root cert TP   peer pa cert TP   pa peer cert TP   profile reader pa cert TP   profile reader peer cert TP   peer user cert   pa user cert Adding Clusterware entries to  upstart CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.mdnsd‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.mdnsd‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.gpnpd‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.gpnpd‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.cssdmonitor‘ on  ‘rac1‘ CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.gipcd‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.cssdmonitor‘ on ‘rac1‘  succeeded CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.gipcd‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.cssd‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.diskmon‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.diskmon‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.cssd‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded   ASM created and started successfully.   Disk Group OCR created successfully.   clscfg: -install mode specified Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys. Creating OCR keys for user ‘root‘, privgrp ‘root‘.. Operation successful. CRS-4256: Updating the profile Successful addition of voting disk  9ee58ddd21094f61bf43065b4875e9a4. Successfully replaced voting disk group with +OCR. CRS-4256: Updating the profile CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced ##  STATE    File Universal Id                File Name Disk group --  -----    -----------------                --------- ---------  1. ONLINE   9ee58ddd21094f61bf43065b4875e9a4  (/dev/raw/raw1) [OCR] Located 1 voting disk(s). CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.asm‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.asm‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded CRS-2672: Attempting to start ‘ora.OCR.dg‘ on ‘rac1‘ CRS-2676: Start of ‘ora.OCR.dg‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

rac2

[[email protected]  CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/ ContentsXML/    logs/           oraInst.loc     orainstRoot.sh  [[email protected]  CVU_11.2.0.4.0_grid]# cd /u01/app/oraInventory/ [[email protected] oraInventory]#  ./orainstRoot.sh Changing permissions of  /u01/app/oraInventory. Adding read,write permissions  for group. Removing read,write,execute  permissions for world.   Changing groupname of  /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall. The execution of the script  is complete. [[email protected] oraInventory]# cd ../11.2.0/grid/ [[email protected] grid]# ./r racg/           rdbms/          relnotes/       root.sh         rootupgrade.sh  [[email protected] grid]# ./root.sh Performing root user  operation for Oracle 11g   The following environment  variables are set as:     ORACLE_OWNER= grid     ORACLE_HOME=  /u01/app/11.2.0/grid   Enter the full pathname of  the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:    Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...    Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...    Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...     Creating /etc/oratab file... Entries will be added to the  /etc/oratab file as needed by Database Configuration  Assistant when a database is created Finished running generic part  of root script. Now product-specific root  actions will be performed. Using configuration parameter  file: /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params Creating trace directory User ignored Prerequisites  during installation Installing Trace File  Analyzer   OLR initialization -  successful Adding Clusterware entries to  upstart CRS-4402: The CSS daemon was  started in exclusive mode but found an active CSS daemon on node rac1, number  1, and is terminating An active cluster was found  during exclusive startup, restarting to join the cluster Configure Oracle Grid  Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

点击ok继续安装

十三.asm磁盘组创建

[[email protected]  ~]#su – grid [[email protected]  ~]$asmca

十四.安装oracle software

[[email protected]  ~]#xhost + [[email protected]  ~]#su – oracle [[email protected]  ~]$cd database [[email protected]  ~]$./runInstaller

rac1

[[email protected] ~]# cd  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ [[email protected] db_1]# ./root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle  11g   The following environment variables are  set as:      ORACLE_OWNER= oracle      ORACLE_HOME=   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1   Enter the full pathname of the local bin  directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have  not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have  not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have  not changed. No need to overwrite.   Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab  file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a  database is created Finished running generic part of root  script. Now product-specific root actions will be  performed. Finished product-specific root actions. [[email protected] db_1]#

rac2

[[email protected] grid]# cd  /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/ [[email protected] db_1]# ./root.sh Performing root user operation for Oracle  11g   The following environment variables are  set as:      ORACLE_OWNER= oracle      ORACLE_HOME=   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1   Enter the full pathname of the local bin  directory: [/usr/local/bin]: The contents of "dbhome" have  not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "oraenv" have  not changed. No need to overwrite. The contents of "coraenv" have  not changed. No need to overwrite.   Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab  file as needed by Database Configuration Assistant when a  database is created Finished running generic part of root  script. Now product-specific root actions will be  performed. Finished product-specific root actions. [[email protected] db_1]#

十五.DBCA创建实例

在oracle下解压安装包

登陆到图形化界面

[[email protected]  ~]#xhost + [[email protected]  ~]#su – oracle [[email protected]  ~]$ dbca

 

安装完成。

本文出自 “不二兔” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://buertu.blog.51cto.com/7159900/1865614