ORACLE表空间操作实例

Posted 2020-10-06 Beng Dou

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本文主要介绍oracle表空间常见的操作实例，包括创建、查询、增加、删除、修改。表空间和数据文件常用的数据字典和动态性能视图包括v$dbfile、v$datafile、dba_segments、user_segments、dba_data_files、v$tablespace、dba_tablespaces、user_tablespaces。

创建表空间

1、创建数据表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE test DATAFILE ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/test.dbf‘ SIZE 1024M;

2、创建undo表空间

CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs DATAFILE ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/undotbs.dbf‘ SIZE 1024M;

3、创建临时表空间

CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP TEMPFILE ‘/opt/oracle/oradata/temp.dbf‘ SIZE 1024M;

查询表空间

1、查询oracle系统用户的默认表空间和临时表空间

select default_tablespace,temporary_tablespace from dba_users where username = ‘USER‘;

2、查看系统当前默认的数据表空间和临时表空间

select * from dba_properties where property_name like ‘DEFAULT%‘ ; #查询
alter database default  tablespace DATATBS2; #修改默认数据表空间
alter database default temporary tablespace TEMP2; #修改默认临时表空间

3、查看所有表空间、数据文件及表空间的数据文件

select * from v$datafile; #查看数据文件
select * from v$tempfile; #查看临时文件
select * from v$tablespace; #查询所有表空间
select file_name,tablespace_name from dba_data_files; #查看表空间对应的数据文件
select sum(d.bytes)/1024/1024/1024 ||‘G‘ as total_bytes,d.tablespace_name from dba_datafiles d where d.tablespace_name = ‘UNDOTBS‘ group by d.tablespace_name; #查看表空间文件大小
select bytes/1024/1024/1024 as "Size(G)",name from v$tempfile order by bytes; #查看临时文件大小

4、查看用户表占用空间大小

#USER_SEGMENTS
SELECT SEGMENT_NAME TABLE_NAME,SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024)   "TABLE_SIZE[MB]"
FROM USER_SEGMENTS
WHERE  SEGMENT_TYPE=‘TABLE‘ AND SEGMENT_NAME=‘TABLE_NAME‘
GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME;
 
#DBA_SEGMENTS,shell编程中常用
SELECT SEGMENT_NAME  TABLE_NAME,SUM(BYTES)/(1024*1024)  "TABLE_SIZE[MB]"
FROM DBA_SEGMENTS
WHERE  SEGMENT_TYPE=‘TABLE‘ AND SEGMENT_NAME=‘TABLE_NAME‘
GROUP BY SEGMENT_NAME;

5、查询单张表占用空间大小

select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where segment_name = ‘TABLE_NAME‘ and owner = ‘USER‘;

6、查询所有用户表占用空间的前十名

select * from (select segment_name,bytes from dba_segments where owner = ‘USER‘ order by bytes desc ) where rownum <= 10;

7、查询表空间使用情况

select total.tablespace_name, 
round(total.MB, 2) as Total_MB, 
round(total.MB - free.MB, 2) as Used_MB, 
round((1 - free.MB / total.MB) * 100, 2) || ‘%‘ as Used_Pct 
from (select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name) free, 
(select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name) total 
where free.tablespace_name = total.tablespace_name;

8、查询表空间总大小

select tablespace_name, sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024 as MB 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name;

9、查询表空间剩余大小

select tablespace_name, 
count(*) as extends, 
round(sum(bytes) / 1024 / 1024, 2) as MB, 
sum(blocks) as blocks 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name;

修改表空间状态

SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,BLOCK_SIEZE,STATUS FROM DBA_TABLESPACE; #查看表空间状态
SLEECT NAME,BLOKC_SIZE,STATUS FROM V$DATAFILE; #查看数据文件状态
ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS OFFLINE; #使表空间脱机 
ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS OFFLINE FOR RECOVER;  #如果是意外删除了数据文件，则必须带有RECOVER选项
ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS ONLINE; #使表空间联机
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 OFFLINE; #使数据文件脱机 
ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 3 ONLINE; #使数据文件联机 
ALTER TABLESPACE DATATBS READ WRITE; #使表空间可读写

扩展表空间

SQL> alter tablespace tablespacename add datafile ‘/home/oracle/add_tablespacename.dbf‘ size 1024M; #增加数据文件方式，不允许自动增长
SQL> alter tablespace tablespacename add datafile ‘/home/oracle/add_tablespacename.dbf‘ size 1024M autoextend on next 5M maxsize 2048M; #增加数据文件方式且允许自动增长
SQL> alter database datafile ‘/home/oracle/tablespace.dbf‘ autoextend on next 5M maxsize 2048M; #允许已存在的数据文件自动扩展
SQL> alter database datafile ‘/home/oracle/tablespace.dbf‘ resize 2048M; # 改变当前数据文件大小

#调整临时表空间文件
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘/home/oracle/temp2.dbf‘ size 2048M; #扩展临时表空间大小，默认autoextend off
SQL> alter tablespace temp add tempfile ‘/home/oracle/temp2.dbf‘ size 1024M antoextend on next 128M maxsize 2048M; #扩展临时表空间大小
SQL> alter database tempfile ‘/home/oracle/temp.dbf‘ resize 2048M;

删除表空间

DROP TABLESPACE DATATBS INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;

说明：including contents 字句用来删除段，and datafiles 字句用来删除数据文件，cascade constraints 字句用来删除所有的引用完整性约束