Java 1.7 ThreadPoolExecutor源码解析
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相比1.6,1.7有些变化:
1、 增加了一个TIDYING状态,这个状态是介于STOP和TERMINATED之间的,如果执行完terminated钩子函数后状态就变成TERMINATED了;
2、 内部类Worker继承了AQS类作为一个独享锁,在运行每个任务前会获取自己的锁;
3、 runState和poolSize两个字段被合并成一个原子字段ctl了,不再使用mainLock保护了。
一、成员变量介绍
public class ThreadPoolExecutor extends AbstractExecutorService
/**
* ctl字段其实表示两个含义:runState和workerCount(近似1.6中的poolSize)
* int类型,高3位表示runState,低29位表示workerCount。目前这个版本也就限
* 制了线程个数不会超过2^29-1。
* RUNNING: 能接受新的任务且能处理队列里的请求
* SHUTDOWN: 不能接受新的任务但是能处理队列里的请求
* STOP: 不能接受新的任务、不能处理队列里的请求,workers会被interrupt
* TIDYING: 所有的线程都已经terminated了,正准备调用terminated()方法
* TERMININATED: terminated()方法已经调用结束了
*
* RUNNING->SHUTDOWN: 调用shutdown方法
* (RUNNING/SHUTDOWN)>STOP: 调用shutdownNow方法
* SHUTDOWN->TIDYING: 当workers和queue都空的时候
* STOP->TIDYING: 当workers为空的时候
* TIDYING->TERMINATED: 当terminated方法调用结束的时候。
* awaitTermination()直到状态为TERMINATED时才会返回。
*
*/
private final AtomicInteger ctl = new AtomicInteger(ctlOf(RUNNING, 0));
private static final int COUNT_BITS = Integer.SIZE - 3;
private static final int CAPACITY = (1 << COUNT_BITS) - 1;
// runState is stored in the high-order bits
private static final int RUNNING = -1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int SHUTDOWN = 0 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int STOP = 1 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TIDYING = 2 << COUNT_BITS;
private static final int TERMINATED = 3 << COUNT_BITS;
// 取ctl的高三位,获取runState(运行状态)
private static int runStateOf(int c) return c & ~CAPACITY;
// 取ctl的低29位,获取workerCount(worker的数量)
private static int workerCountOf(int c) return c & CAPACITY;
// 把runState和workerCount合并成ctl,上面两个函数的反操作
private static int ctlOf(int rs, int wc) return rs | wc;
二、execute函数
public void execute(Runnable command)
if (command == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
/*
* 三步走:
* 1. 如果RUNNING的线程数目小于corePoolSize,直接调用addWorker方法
* 启动一个新线程。addWorker函数会检查runState和workerCount,如果不
* 需要新建一个thread就会返回false了
*
* 2. 如果任务被成功的放入了workQueue,我们仍然需要做个double-check
* 因为调用完isRunning(c)后池中的线程可能都退出了或者线程池被shut
* down了。重新检查状态看是要remove掉新来的任务还是创建一个新线程来执
* 行(如果没有活动的线程了)
*
* 3. 如果放入workQueue失败了,我们尝试创建一个新worker。如果失败了,
* 说明线程池被关闭了或者饱和了(超过最大值了),就直接拒了。
*
*/
int c = ctl.get();
if (workerCountOf(c) < corePoolSize)
// addWorker有可能会失败,失败后重新获取状态并继续往下走
if (addWorker(command, true))
return;
c = ctl.get();
if (isRunning(c) && workQueue.offer(command))
int recheck = ctl.get();
// 如果isRunning(c)&&workQueue.offer中间并发发生了shutdown,需要remove
// 掉刚放入workQueue的command任务。注意:此时如果有一个worker刚执行完一个task
// 然后从workQueue获取下一个task时,这里的remove就会失败了。
if (! isRunning(recheck) && remove(command))
reject(command);
// 如果是RUNNING状态但是没有可工作的线程,需要直接new一个
else if (workerCountOf(recheck) == 0)
addWorker(null, false);
else if (!addWorker(command, false))
reject(command);
execute函数大体思路和1.6一致,就三种情况:
① 当前线程池中线程数目小于corePoolSize,直接new一个thread;
② 当先线程池数据大于corePoolSize,则放入workQueue中;
③ 如果workQueue满了且线程池中线程数小于maximumPoolSize,则new一个thread。
private boolean addWorker(Runnable firstTask, boolean core)
retry:
for (;;)
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// 如果被shutdown了,一般就直接返回false。但是需要排除一个特例情况:当线程池状
// 态是shutdown,但workQueue不空且workers空了,会调用addWorker(null,false)
// 方法创建一个线程处理workQueue里的任务,这时不能直接返回false。
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN &&
! (rs == SHUTDOWN &&
firstTask == null &&
! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return false;
for (;;)
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
// 如果当前workers数目大于CAPACITY或者大于用户设置了,直接返回false
if (wc >= CAPACITY ||
wc >= (core ? corePoolSize : maximumPoolSize))
return false;
if (compareAndIncrementWorkerCount(c))
break retry;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
// 如果仅仅是workerCount变化了,那么继续内层的循环;如果连runState也变化了,
// 则要重新继续外层的循环。
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
boolean workerStarted = false;
boolean workerAdded = false;
Worker w = null;
try
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
w = new Worker(firstTask);
final Thread t = w.thread;
if (t != null)
mainLock.lock();
try
// Recheck while holding lock.
// Back out on ThreadFactory failure or if
// shut down before lock acquired.
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// 再次检查runState的状态,如果是RUNNING或者SHUTDOWN但是firstTask不空,则
// 把new出来的worker放入workers中。
if (rs < SHUTDOWN ||
(rs == SHUTDOWN && firstTask == null))
if (t.isAlive()) // precheck that t is startable
throw new IllegalThreadStateException();
workers.add(w);
int s = workers.size();
if (s > largestPoolSize)
largestPoolSize = s;
workerAdded = true;
finally
mainLock.unlock();
if (workerAdded)
// 创建worker成功后直接启动线程了
t.start();
workerStarted = true;
finally
if (! workerStarted)
// 创建失败要做清理操作
addWorkerFailed(w);
return workerStarted;
addWorker函数尝试新建一个thread来运行传递给它的task。当线程池被STOP或SHUTDOWN或threadFactory返回null时或者OOM时,会返回false并做相应的清理。整个过程分为两步:1、尝试设置workerCount,成功了就到步骤2;2、尝试创建一个worker并加入到workers里。
private void addWorkerFailed(Worker w)
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
if (w != null)
workers.remove(w);
decrementWorkerCount();
tryTerminate();
finally
mainLock.unlock();
addWorkerFailed函数做些清理操作:1、把创建的worker从workers中删除;2、把workerCount减1;3、检查是否可以terminated线程池,防止这个worker的存在导致执行awaitTermination操作的客户端线程阻塞了。
final void tryTerminate()
for (;;)
int c = ctl.get();
// 如果是以下三种情况直接返回:
// 1.RUNNING状态; 2.runState>=TIDYING,说明有其他线程执行了tryTerminate操
// 作; 3.SHUTDOWN状态且workQueue不空
if (isRunning(c) ||
runStateAtLeast(c, TIDYING) ||
(runStateOf(c) == SHUTDOWN && ! workQueue.isEmpty()))
return;
// 如果workerCount大于0,则中断一个空闲的worker,就返回了。为啥只中断一个呢?
// 因为worker线程退出时也会调用tryTerminate方法(一个接一个的传播)
if (workerCountOf(c) != 0) // Eligible to terminate
interruptIdleWorkers(ONLY_ONE);
return;
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
// 走到这里说明workers数量为0了,尝试把线程池状态改成TIDYING并调用terminated
// 函数->状态再设置成TERMINATED。如果设置TIDYING失败,则继续循环。
if (ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(TIDYING, 0)))
try
terminated();
finally
// terminated函数抛异常也需要执行下面的操作。
ctl.set(ctlOf(TERMINATED, 0));
termination.signalAll();
return;
finally
mainLock.unlock();
// else retry on failed CAS
tryTerminate函数尝试TERMINATED线程池(当a、SHUTDOWN且queue和pool都空;b、STOP且queue为空了)。如果workers不为0,则中断任意一个空闲的worker后直接返回。否则:首先,将线程池状态改成TIDYING;其次,调用用户的钩子函数terminated;最后,将状态设置成TERMINATED。
private void interruptIdleWorkers(boolean onlyOne)
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
for (Worker w : workers)
Thread t = w.thread;
// 如果tryLock成功,就说明这个worker是空闲的。
if (!t.isInterrupted() && w.tryLock())
try
t.interrupt();
catch (SecurityException ignore)
finally
w.unlock();
if (onlyOne)
// 如果只中断一个就break,只有tryTerminate函数中使用到这种情况。
break;
finally
mainLock.unlock();
interruptIdleWorkers函数根据onlyOne参数决定中断一个或所有空闲的workers(这些workers都阻塞在getTask方法中)。
三、shutdown函数
public void shutdown()
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
// 检查调用者是否有权限执行shutdown
checkShutdownAccess();
// 将线程池的状态改成SHUTDOWN
advanceRunState(SHUTDOWN);
// 中断所有空闲的workers
interruptIdleWorkers();
onShutdown(); // hook for ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor
finally
mainLock.unlock();
// 尝试终止线程池
tryTerminate();
shutdown函数就执行几步:把状态改成SHUTDOWN,中断所有空闲的workers,调用onShutdown钩子函数,最后调用tryTerminate尝试终止线程池。
private void advanceRunState(int targetState)
for (;;)
int c = ctl.get();
if (runStateAtLeast(c, targetState) ||
ctl.compareAndSet(c, ctlOf(targetState, workerCountOf(c))))
break;
advanceRunState函数将线程池的状态改成指定状态值,如果现在状态值比target值大就直接返回。targeState的值是SHUTDOWN或者STOP,不能是TIDYING或者TERMINATED(这两种状态需要调用tryTerminate函数设置)。
四、shutdownNow函数
public List<Runnable> shutdownNow()
List<Runnable> tasks;
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
// 检查调用者是否有权限执行关闭
checkShutdownAccess();
// 将线程池的状态改成STOP
advanceRunState(STOP);
// 和shutdown不同,这里中断所有的worker线程
interruptWorkers();
// 删除workQueue里的任务并返回任务列表
tasks = drainQueue();
finally
mainLock.unlock();
// 尝试终止线程池
tryTerminate();
return tasks;
shutdownNow函数会中断所有的worker线程,删除workQueue里的任务,最后尝试终止线程池并返回workQueue里的任务。
private void interruptWorkers()
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
// 中断所有的worker线程
for (Worker w : workers)
w.interruptIfStarted();
finally
mainLock.unlock();
private List<Runnable> drainQueue()
BlockingQueue<Runnable> q = workQueue;
List<Runnable> taskList = new ArrayList<Runnable>();
q.drainTo(taskList);
if (!q.isEmpty())
for (Runnable r : q.toArray(new Runnable[0]))
if (q.remove(r))
taskList.add(r);
return taskList;
五、Worker内部类
private final class Worker
extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer
implements Runnable
/** Thread this worker is running in. Null if factory fails. */
final Thread thread;
/** Initial task to run. Possibly null. */
Runnable firstTask;
/** Per-thread task counter */
volatile long completedTasks;
/**
* Creates with given first task and thread from ThreadFactory.
* @param firstTask the first task (null if none)
*/
Worker(Runnable firstTask)
// 初始值为-1,防止worker还没启动就被interrupt了;在start开始时会将状态改成0
setState(-1); // inhibit interrupts until runWorker
this.firstTask = firstTask;
this.thread = getThreadFactory().newThread(this);
protected boolean isHeldExclusively()
return getState() != 0;
protected boolean tryAcquire(int unused)
if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
return true;
return false;
protected boolean tryRelease(int unused)
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
setState(0);
return true;
// 参数1没有意义,是独占锁
public void lock() acquire(1);
public boolean tryLock() return tryAcquire(1);
public void unlock() release(1);
public boolean isLocked() return isHeldExclusively();
Worker类主要维护着中断的管理和其他操作(runWorker函数),继承了AQS类实现了一个不可重入的Lock,在获取到一个任务后,准备执行前首先要获取这个锁。同时,在中断空闲的worker时也要先获取到这个锁。
public void run()
runWorker(this);
final void runWorker(Worker w)
Thread wt = Thread.currentThread();
// 有时我们不想从workQueue取第一个任务,直接执行刚提交的任务
Runnable task = w.firstTask;
w.firstTask = null;
// 把state设置成0,允许中断
w.unlock(); // allow interrupts
boolean completedAbruptly = true;
try
// 进入循环了
while (task != null || (task = getTask()) != null)
w.lock();
// 如果是STOP状态,需要保证线程是被中断了的;
// 如果不是需要清空中断状态,但是需要重新检查下状态防止在清除
// 中断时发生了shutdownNow
if ((runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP) ||
(Thread.interrupted() &&
runStateAtLeast(ctl.get(), STOP))) &&
!wt.isInterrupted())
wt.interrupt();
try
// 执行前的钩子函数
beforeExecute(wt, task);
Throwable thrown = null;
try
task.run();
catch (RuntimeException x)
thrown = x; throw x;
catch (Error x)
thrown = x; throw x;
catch (Throwable x)
thrown = x; throw new Error(x);
finally
// 执行后的钩子函数
afterExecute(task, thrown);
finally
task = null;
w.completedTasks++;
w.unlock();
completedAbruptly = false;
finally
processWorkerExit(w, completedAbruptly);
runWorker函数循环从workQueue里获取task并执行,但是需要注意以下几个问题:1.如果不想从workQueue里获取第一个任务执行,那就给worker.firstTask赋值。2、如果getTask获取的值为null,或者你的task里抛异常了,那循环就退出了,然后worker线程也就退出了。3、在执行任务前先要获取worker的锁,这里防止中断正在执行的线程。4、如果你的钩子函数beforeExecute函数抛异常了,那么你的任务就不会被执行了,worker线程也会退出。5、如果task.run方法抛出Runtime或Error异常,会原样抛出,如果是Throwable,则会包装成一个Error抛出,抛出异常前会执行afterExecute钩子函数,最后线程会退出。6、如果afterExecute钩子函数抛出异常,那么worker线程也会退出。
private Runnable getTask()
boolean timedOut = false; // Did the last poll() time out?
retry:
for (;;)
int c = ctl.get();
int rs = runStateOf(c);
// 如果SHUTDOWN且workQueue为空,或者STOP了,worker线程直接退出
if (rs >= SHUTDOWN && (rs >= STOP || workQueue.isEmpty()))
decrementWorkerCount();
return null;
// 是否要回收这个worker线程?
boolean timed; // Are workers subject to culling?
for (;;)
int wc = workerCountOf(c);
timed = allowCoreThreadTimeOut || wc > corePoolSize;
// 如果还没有超时过(循环第一次执行到这里)直接break
if (wc <= maximumPoolSize && ! (timedOut && timed))
break;
// 否则,如果线程数大于最大限制或者已经超时过了说明这个worker线程要准备退出了
// 先设置workerCount-1,成功的话直接退出;否则,看下runState是否和rs一样,如
// 果一样就在内部循环,不一样就要到外部循环
if (compareAndDecrementWorkerCount(c))
return null;
c = ctl.get(); // Re-read ctl
if (runStateOf(c) != rs)
continue retry;
// else CAS failed due to workerCount change; retry inner loop
try
// 无限阻塞或超时阻塞
Runnable r = timed ?
workQueue.poll(keepAliveTime, TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS) :
workQueue.take();
if (r != null)
return r;
// 没有获取到task肯定是超时了
timedOut = true;
catch (InterruptedException retry)
// 如果被中断了,不能算作超时
timedOut = false;
getTask函数是从workQueue里获取一个task,有两种策略(无限阻塞或者超时,具体要看客户端的配置)。如果这个函数返回了null,那么worker线程就会退出了。退出的原因不外乎以下几种:
1. 当前线程池中worker数量大于maximumPoolSize了;
2. 线程池被STOP了(workQueue.poll/take时会捕获到InterruptedException异常);
3. 线程池被SHUTDOWN了且workQueue为空(workQueue.poll/take时会捕获到InterruptedException异常);
4. 获取task超时了(timedOut)&&(timed)。
private void processWorkerExit(Worker w, boolean completedAbruptly)
// 用户的函数抛异常了,需要调整workerCount的值,因为worker线程准备退出了
if (completedAbruptly) // If abrupt, then workerCount wasn't adjusted
decrementWorkerCount();
// 做些统计操作(bookkeeping)
final ReentrantLock mainLock = this.mainLock;
mainLock.lock();
try
completedTaskCount += w.completedTasks;
workers.remove(w);
finally
mainLock.unlock();
// 尝试终止线程池
tryTerminate();
int c = ctl.get();
// 如果是RUNNING或SHUTDOWN状态,要看下workQueue是否为空,
// 不能直接退出。如果workQueue不空,至少要保留1或corePoolSize个
// 线程(看allowCoreThreadTimeOut配置)。少于这个数目,就需要通过
// addWorker(null,false)方法补充新的线程进来。
if (runStateLessThan(c, STOP))
if (!completedAbruptly)
int min = allowCoreThreadTimeOut ? 0 : corePoolSize;
if (min == 0 && ! workQueue.isEmpty())
min = 1;
if (workerCountOf(c) >= min)
return; // replacement not needed
addWorker(null, false);
processWorkerExit函数是在runWork循环退出后做的清理和bookkeeping(应该就是指completedTaskCount等变量的操作吧)操作。completedAbruptly参数的含义是指用户的函数是否抛异常了(before/after/run等)。注意下函数最后会根据线程池的状态和配置决定是否新建一个worker线程。
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