Sql 中存储过程详细案例
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转自：http://www.cnblogs.com/yank/p/4235609.html
概念
存储过程（Stored Procedure）：已预编译为一个可执行过程的一个或多个SQL语句。
创建存储过程语法
CREATE proc | procedure procedure_name
[{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
{@参数数据类型} [=默认值] [output],
....
]
as
SQL_statements
go
存储过程与SQL语句对比
优势:
1、提高性能
SQL语句在创建过程时进行分析和编译。 存储过程是预编译的，在首次运行一个存储过程时，查询优化器对其进行分析、优化，并给出最终被存在系统表中的存储计划，这样，在执行过程时便可节省此开销。
2、降低网络开销
存储过程调用时只需用提供存储过程名和必要的参数信息，从而可降低网络的流量。
3、便于进行代码移植
数据库专业人员可以随时对存储过程进行修改，但对应用程序源代码却毫无影响，从而极大的提高了程序的可移植性。
4、更强的安全性
1）系统管理员可以对执行的某一个存储过程进行权限限制，避免非授权用户对数据的访问
2）在通过网络调用过程时，只有对执行过程的调用是可见的。 因此，恶意用户无法看到表和数据库对象名称、嵌入自己的 Transact-SQL 语句或搜索关键数据。
3）使用过程参数有助于避免 SQL 注入攻击。 因为参数输入被视作文字值而非可执行代码，所以，攻击者将命令插入过程内的 Transact-SQL 语句并损害安全性将更为困难。
4）可以对过程进行加密，这有助于对源代码进行模糊处理。
劣势：
1、存储过程需要专门的数据库开发人员进行维护，但实际情况是，往往由程序开发员人员兼职
2、设计逻辑变更，修改存储过程没有SQL灵活
为什么在实际应用中，存储过程用到相对较少呢？
在通常的项目研发中，用存储过程却相对较少，这是为什么呢？
分析原因如下：
1）没有特定的数据库开发人员，普通程序员兼职进行数据库操作
2）程序员往往只需操作程序，即可完成数据访问，无需再在数据库上进行开发
3）项目需求变动比较频繁，修改SQL语句比较方便，特别是涉及逻辑变更
存储过程与SQL语句如何抉择？
基于实际应用的经验，给予如下建议：
1、在一些高效率或者规范性要求比较高的项目，建议采用存储过程
2、对于一般项目建议采用参数化命令方式，是存储过程与SQL语句一种折中的方式
3、对于一些算法要求比较高，涉及多条数据逻辑，建议采用存储过程
存储过程的具体应用
一、基础查询
1、创建不带参数的存储过程
例子：查询学生总数
--查询存储过程
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT
AS
SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM Students
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_COUNT
2、带参数的存储过程
--查询存储过程，根据城市查询总数
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT(@city nvarchar(50))
AS
SELECT COUNT(ID) FROM Students WHERE City=@city
GO
执行语句：
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_CITY_COUNT N\'Beijing\'
3、带有通配符
通配符，在参数值赋值时，加上相应的通配符
--3、查询姓氏为李的学生信息，含通配符
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME
@surnName nvarchar(20)=\'李%\' --默认值
AS
SELECT ID,Name,Age FROM Students WHERE Name like @surnName
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME N\'李%\'
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_SURNNAME N\'%李%\'
4、带有输出参数
--根据姓名查询的学生信息，返回学生的城市及年龄
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME
@name nvarchar(50), --输入参数
@city nvarchar(20) out, --输出参数
@age int output --输入输出参数
AS
SELECT @city=City,@age=Age FROM Students WHERE Name=@name AND Age=@age
GO
执行：
--执行
declare @name nvarchar(50),
@city nvarchar(20),
@age int;
set @name = N\'李明\';
set @age = 20;
exec PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_BY_NAME @name,@city out, @age output;
select @city, @age;
二、使用存储过程进行增删改
1、新增
新增学生信息
--1、存储过程：新增学生信息
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_INSERT_STUDENT\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_INSERT_STUDENT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_INSERT_STUDENT
@id int,
@name nvarchar(20),
@age int,
@city nvarchar(20)
AS
INSERT INTO Students(ID,Name,Age,City) VALUES(@id,@name,@age,@city)
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_INSERT_STUDENT 1001,N\'张三\',19,\'ShangHai\'
2、修改
根据学生ID，更新学生信息
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT
@id int,
@name nvarchar(20),
@age int,
@city nvarchar(20)
AS
UPDATE Students SET Name=@name,Age=@age,City=@city WHERE ID=@id
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_UPDATE_STUDENT 1001,N\'张思\',20,\'ShangHai\'
3、删除
根据ID，删除某学生记录
--3、存储过程：删除学生信息
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID
@id int
AS
DELETE FROM Students WHERE ID=@id
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_DELETE_STUDENT_BY_ID 1001
三、存储过程实现分页查询
1、使用row_number函数分页
--分页查询
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE
@startIndex int,
@endIndex int
AS
SELECT * FROM (SELECT ID,Name,Age,City,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ID DESC) AS RowNumber FROM Students) AS Temp
WHERE Temp.RowNumber BETWEEN @startIndex AND @endIndex
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE 1,10
2、使用传统的top分页
--使用TOP分页
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE_WITH_TOP\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE_WITH_TOP;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE_WITH_TOP
@pageIndex int,
@pageSize int
AS
SELECT TOP(@pageSize) * FROM Students
WHERE ID >=(SELECT MAX(ID) FROM (SELECT TOP(@pageSize*(@pageIndex-1) + 1) ID FROM Students ORDER BY ID) AS Temp)
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_SELECT_BY_PAGE_WITH_TOP 1,2
四、其他功能：
1、存储过程，每次执行都进行重新编译
--1、存储过程，重复编译
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_RECOMPILE\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_RECOMPILE;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_RECOMPILE
with recompile --重复编译
AS
SELECT * FROM Students
GO
2、对存储过程进行加密
加密后，不能查看和修改源脚本
--2、查询存储过程，进行加密
IF OBJECT_ID (N\'PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_ENCRYPTION\', N\'P\') IS NOT NULL
DROP procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_ENCRYPTION;
GO
CREATE procedure PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_ENCRYPTION
with encryption --加密
AS
SELECT * FROM Students
GO
执行：
EXEC PROC_SELECT_STUDENTS_WITH_ENCRYPTION
效果，无法查看脚本或者导出创建脚本
作者介绍：半路学IT，做开发3年，先就职在一家共享单车公司，做后台开发！
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