oracle课堂随笔----第二十三天

Posted 2020-10-02

RMAN配置

 

 

$ rman target / 或rman target sys/[email protected]

RMAN> show all; 所有备份相关设置

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP On;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP clear;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;  备份表空间用户

RMAN> list backup;  查看列表

SQL> desc v$backup_set 浏览器中也可以查看

 

自动通道管理：

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2;

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

$ mkdir /home/oracle/disk1 /home/oracle/disk2

RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk1‘;

RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk2‘;

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

恢复默认

RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK clear;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 device type disk clear;

RMAN> CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 device type disk clear;

 

手动通道管理：

RMAN> run {

allocate channel c1 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk1‘;

allocate channel c2 device type disk to destination ‘/home/oracle/disk2‘;

backup tablespace users, example;

或

backup (tablespace users channel c1)(tablespace example channel c2);

}

 

backup section size 500M datafile 1;

 

指定备份格式：

RMAN> backup tablespace users; 备份集 bs

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset tablespace users;压缩备份集

RMAN> backup as copy tablespace users;镜像备份

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

RMAN> list copy of tablespace users;

 

备份的加密：

RMAN备份

不归档 归档

online offline online offline

完全  部分 完全  部分                完全  部分  完全  部分

 

shutdown nomount mount open

 

备份数据文件：

SQL> select file_id, file_name from dba_data_files;

RMAN> backup datafile 4;

RMAN> backup datafile 4, 5;

RMAN> backup datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf‘;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;（逻辑）

RMAN> backup tablespace users, example;

RMAN> backup database;

RMAN> list backup;

desc v$backup_set，浏览器查看备份

 

增量备份：备份数据的变化

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

SQL> create table t2(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t2 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

开启块跟踪：

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file ‘/home/oracle/blk_trk.chg‘;

需要重新连接会话

SQL> select * from v$block_change_tracking;

SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;

SQL> create table t3(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t3 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 tablespace users;

SQL> select DATAFILE_BLOCKS, BLOCKS_READ, BLOCKS, USED_CHANGE_TRACKING from v$backup_datafile where INCREMENTAL_LEVEL>0;

SQL> alter database disable block change tracking; 关闭

 

增量更新：

SQL> create table t1(x int) tablespace users;

SQL> insert into t1 values (1);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第一次创建的是0级备份

RMAN> list copy; 记录time和scn

SQL> insert into t1 values (2);

SQL> commit;

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users; 第2次创建的是1级备份

RMAN> list backup; backupset格式

RMAN> recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;

RMAN> list copy; time和scn更新

脚本形式：

RMAN> run {

backup incremental level 1 for recover of copy with tag ‘update_copy‘ tablespace users;

recover copy of tablespace users with tag ‘update_copy‘;

}

 

备份归档日志：

RMAN> list archivelog all;

RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input;

RMAN> list archivelog all;

RMAN> list backup;

 

备份的维护：

查看：

RMAN> list backup;备份集

RMAN> list copy;镜像拷贝

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;表空间对应数据文件

RMAN> list backup of datafile 4;

RMAN> list archivelog all;归档日志

检查备份：

RMAN> delete backup; 删除备份

RMAN> delete copy;

RMAN> list backup; list copy;

RMAN> report need backup; 根据策略检查

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 2;

RMAN> report need backup;

RMAN> CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY clear;

RMAN> report obsolete;  冗余>1

 

删除备份：

RMAN> delete backupset of tablespace users;

RMAN> delete backupset 1234;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> show all;

RMAN> delete obsolete;

crosscheck: 交叉检查

RMAN> delete backup;

RMAN> backup tablespace users;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 改名

RMAN> restore datafile 4; 报错

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 报废状态

RMAN> list expired backup;

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

RMAN> list backup of tablespace users; 可用状态

RMAN> delete expired backup;删除报废状态

catalog:

$ cp /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 复制

RMAN> delete backup;

RMAN> list backup; backupset消失

$ mv /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/… 恢复原名

RMAN> catalog recovery area noprompt;   快速恢复区

RMAN> list backup; backupset恢复