一学期积累下来的SQL语句写法的学习
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A 基本语句的运用
操作基于emp表
1、按工资从高到低排列
SQL> select rownum as 次序,ename,sal
2 from (select ename,sal
3 from emp
4 order by sal desc)
5 where rownum<=5
6 ;
2、做内嵌式图由大到小排序后找前五个的错误写法
SQL> select ename,sal
2 from emp
3 where rownum<=5
4 order by sal desc;
先找前五个记录后按照工资排序(并不是所求,这是错误的写法)
3、把名为scott的job 奖金更改
update emp set job=‘MANAGER‘,comm=‘4000‘
where ename=‘SCOTT‘;
4、寻找薪水大于scott或hiredate早于scott的
select ename,empno from emp
where sal>(select sal from emp where ename=‘SCOTT‘)
or hiredate>(select hiredate from emp where ename=‘SCOTT‘);
5、寻找最大
select ename,sal from emp
where sal=(select max(sal) from emp);
6、寻找部门人员小于4 的部门
select avg(sal) from emp
where deptno=
(select deptno from emp
group by deptno having count(*)<4);
7、一些设置参考
set linesize 180 设置每行显示的字符总数
set pagesize 100 设置每页显示的行数
set feedback on/off 设置是否显示已选择XX行
set heading on/off 设置是否显示列名
set time on/off 设置是否显示当前系统时间
set timing on/off 设置是否显示每条SQL执行消耗的时间
set termout on/off 设置在执行sql文件时是否在控制台打印相关信息
set trimout on/off 设置是否去除标准输出每行的拖尾空格
set trimspool on/off 设置是否去除spool输出文件中每行的拖尾空格
8、按照不同的维度分组 多维的数据统计
select avg(grade),stu_no,cno
from mark2
group by rollup(cno,stu_no);
先以cno分组,再以stu_no排序
计算一组cno的平均值
9、cube 把group by的数据各维进行组合
select avg(grade),stu_no,cno
from mark2
group by cube(stu_no,cno);
AVG(GRADE) STU_NO CNO
---------- ---------- ----------
78.8888889
90 1
83.3333333 2
63.3333333 3
73.3333333 1404010525
90 1404010525 1
80 1404010525 2
50 1404010525 3
83.3333333 1404010526
100 1404010526 1
80 1404010526 2
70 1404010526 3
80 1404010527
80 1404010527 1
90 1404010527 2
70 1404010527 3
先计算按照cno分组的平均值
再按照(stu_no,cno)分组计算平均值
10、查询一个表中 课程1比课程2分数高的学生号
select a.num,a.score
as score1,b.score
as score2 from(
select * from sc where cno=‘001‘)a
left join
(select * from sc where cno=‘002‘)b
on a.num=b.num
where a.score<b.score;
11、查询表中课程1 比课程2高的学生信息:返回多值?用in!
select num,name
from stu
where num in
(select a.num from(
select * from sc where cno=‘001‘)a
left join
(select * from sc where cno=‘002‘)b
on a.num=b.num
where a.score<b.score);
12、查询平均成绩大于60的学生学号、平均成绩、姓名
1\查询平均成绩大于90的学生学号: select num,avg(score) from sc group by num having avg(score)>90
2\ select num,name
from stu
where num in(
select num from sc group by num having avg(score)>90);(平均成绩怎么办)?
3\select num,avg(score)
from sc
group by num having avg(score)>90;(单查学号和平均成绩)
最后写法:
select stu.num,stu.name,avg(sc.score)
from stu,sc
where stu.num in(
select num from sc group by (sc.num,name) having avg(score)>90)
and stu.num=sc.num ;
13、查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
select stu.num,stu.name,count(sc.cno),sum(sc.score)
from stu,course,sc
where stu.num=sc.num and course.cno=sc.cno
group by stu.num,stu.name order by num;
14、查询所有姓李的老师
select * from teacher
where teacher.name like ‘李%‘;
15、查询没选过chinese课程的学生的学号与姓名
select stu.num,stu.name
from stu
where stu.num not in
(select distinct stu.num
from stu,course,sc
where stu.num=sc.num and course.cno=sc.cno
and course.name=‘chinese‘);
16、查询选过maths课程的所有学生学号与姓名
select stu.num,stu.name
from stu
where stu.num in
(select distinct stu.num
from stu,course,sc
where stu.num=sc.num and course.cno=sc.cno
and course.name=‘maths‘);
17、查询同时选过maths和chinese课程的所有学生学号与姓名
select * from stu
where stu.num in
(select num from sc,course where sc.cno=course.cno and course.name=‘maths‘)
and stu.num in
(select num from sc,course where sc.cno=course.cno and course.name=‘chinese‘);
18、查询所有课程小于90分的学生姓名与学号。
select * from stu
where stu.num not in
(select num from sc where score>=90);
B PL/SQL语句
1、用table类型输出一些语句
declare
type my_table_type is table of varchar(20)
index by binary_integer;
my_table my_table_type;
begin
my_table(1):=‘what the fuck‘;
my_table(2):=‘hehe is a gay‘;
my_table(3):=‘what the hell‘;
my_table(-100):=‘is it a fky‘;
dbms_output.put_line(my_table(1));
dbms_output.put_line(my_table(2));
dbms_output.put_line(my_table(3));
dbms_output.put_line(my_table(-100));
dbms_output.put_line(my_table.count);
end;
/
2、select语句的应用 :注意,查询结果只能是唯一的一条记录
SQL> declare
2 v_dname student.name%type;
3 v_dept_rec student%rowtype;
4 begin
5 select name into v_dname from student where num=‘02‘;
6 dbms_output.put_line(‘name of student 02 is:‘||v_dname);
7 end;
8 /
name of student 02 is:wangwu
3、游标:是一个缓存区,在内存里临时存放多条记录的存储区。
打开游标 取数据 关闭游标
4、存储过程
查询指定号码的姓名:
create or replace procedure p1
as
v_ename emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into v_ename
from emp where empno=7788;
dbms_output.put_line(‘7788员工姓名为‘||v_ename);
end;
/
查询指定编号员工的姓名
create or replace procedure p1(p_no in emp.empno%type)
as
v_ename emp.ename%type;
begin
select ename into v_ename
from emp where empno=p_no;
dbms_output.put_line(p_no||‘员工姓名为‘||v_ename);
exception
when no_data_found then
dbms_output.put_line(‘没有这个编号‘);
when others then
dbms_output.put_line(‘系统有错‘);
end;
/
EMPNO ENAME JOB MGR HIREDATE SAL COMM DEPTNO
C sql语句练习
1、 列出所有员工的姓名及其直接上司的姓名;
select a.ename empname,b.ename mgrname
from emp a,emp b
where a.mgr=b.empno;
2、 列出在“IT”部门工作的员工姓名;
select ename from emp
where deptno=
(select deptno from dept
where dname=‘IT‘);
3、 列出工资高于公司平均工资的所有雇员的姓名、编号及部门号;
select ename,deptno,empno from emp
where sal>(select avg(sal) from emp);
4、 列出在每个部门的员工数量、平均工资;
select avg(sal),count(*)
from emp
group by deptno ;
5、列出所有部门的详细信息和部门人数;
select * from dept a left join
(select count(*),deptno from emp
group by deptno)
b
on
a.deptno=b.deptno;
6、列出各种职位的最低工资;
select job,min(sal)
from emp
group by job;
7、 列出部门经理中工资最低的那个经理的姓名、工资和部门号;
select ename,sal,deptno
from emp
where sal<=all(
select sal from emp where job=‘MANAGER‘
) and job=‘MANAGER‘;
8、 列出公司里工资最高的五位员工的基本信息。
select * from emp
where ename in(
select ename from (
select ename from emp
order by sal desc) a
where rownum <6);
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