mysql数据库增量恢复多实例实战演示
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mysql主从复制原理要点
1、异步方式同步
2、逻辑同步模式,多种模式,默认是通过sql语句执行
3、主库通过记录binlog实现对从库的同步,binlog记录数据库的更新语句
4、主库1个IO线程,从库由1个IO线程和一个sql线程来完成的
5、从库关键文件master.info,relay-log,relay-info功能
6、如果从库还想级联从库,需要打开bin-log和log-slave-updates参数
mysql数据库增量恢复多实例实战演示
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy-S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution
mysql> show variableslike ‘%character_set%‘; ##查看mysql字符集
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | latin1 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /application/mysql-5.5.32/share/charsets/|
+--------------------------+-------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.02 sec)
mysql> create database oldboy; ##创建一个oldboy库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> use oldboy;
Database changed
mysql> create table test( id int(4) not null auto_increment, name char(20) notnull, primary key (id)); ##创建一个test表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)
mysql> show create table test; ##查看建表语句
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| test | CREATE TABLE `test` (
`id` int(4) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` char(20) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test(id,name)values(1,‘oldboy‘); ##在test表中插入数据
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
+----+--------+
| id | name |
+----+--------+
| 1| oldboy |
+----+--------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test(id,name)values(2,‘oldboy11‘); ##在test表中插入数据oldboy11
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test(id,name)values(3,‘oldboy12‘); ##在test表中插入数据oldboy12,以此类推
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test; ##查看表中数据
+----+----------+
| id | name |
+----+----------+
| 1| oldboy |
| 2| oldboy11 |
| 3| oldboy12 |
| 4| oldboy13 |
| 5| oldboy14 |
| 6| oldboy15 |
+----+----------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[[email protected] ~]# date -s ‘2016-06-28‘ ##在凌晨12点做备份
2016年 06月 28日 星期二 00:00:00 CST
[[email protected] ~]# mysqldump -uroot -poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock-F -B oldboy >/opt/quanbei.sql ##做一次全量备份
[[email protected] ~]# ll /opt/
总用量 524
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2087 6月 28 00:02 quanbei.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 528847 5月 26 01:40 rep.sql
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy-S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution
mysql> use oldboy
Database changed
mysql> desc test;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(4) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | char(20) | NO | | NULL | |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> insert into test(name)values(‘oldboy101‘); ##插入2条语句用来做增量
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
mysql> insert into test(name)values(‘oldboy102‘); ##插入语句用来做增量
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from test;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1| oldboy |
| 2| oldboy11 |
| 3| oldboy12 |
| 4| oldboy13 |
| 5| oldboy14 |
| 6| oldboy15 |
| 7| oldboy101 |
| 8| oldboy102 |
+----+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases; ##删除之前查看oldboy库
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| oldboy |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop database oldboy; ##删除oldboy库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> show databases; #删除之后查看oldboy库,没有了
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit;
Bye
[[email protected] ~]# ll /opt/ ##查看备份数据目录
总用量 524
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2087 6月 28 00:02 quanbei.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 528847 5月 26 01:40 rep.sql
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/3306/ ##查看数据库的binlog日志
[[email protected] 3306]# ll
总用量 32
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 6月 28 00:07 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1899 5月 26 00:35 my.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1307 5月 26 00:41 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 2290 6月 28 00:02 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 656 6月 28 00:07 mysql-bin.000002 ##binlog位置点
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 56 6月 28 00:02 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 6 5月 26 00:57 mysqld.pid
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 2669 5月 26 01:39 mysql_oldboy3306.err
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 5月 26 00:57 mysql.sock
[[email protected] 3306]# mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy -S/data/3306/mysql.sock flush-logs ##不确定binlog位置点的情况下,用mysqladmin刷新binlog日志,新生成binlog之前就是恢复binlog位置点,也根据时间点确定是不是凌晨12操作的
[[email protected] 3306]# ll
总用量 36
drwxr-xr-x. 5 mysql mysql 4096 6月 28 00:07 data
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1899 5月 26 00:35 my.cnf
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 mysql mysql 1307 5月 26 00:41 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 2290 6月 28 00:02 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 699 6月 28 00:17 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 107 6月 28 00:17 mysql-bin.000003 ##新生成的binlog日志
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 84 6月 28 00:17 mysql-bin.index
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 6 5月 26 00:57 mysqld.pid
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql root 2669 5月 26 01:39 mysql_oldboy3306.err
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 5月 26 00:57 mysql.sock
[[email protected] 3306]# cp mysql-bin.000002/opt/
[[email protected] 3306]# ll /opt/
总用量 528
-rw-r-----. 1 root root 699 6月 28 00:18 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2087 6月 28 00:02 quanbei.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 528847 5月 26 01:40 rep.sql
[[email protected] 3306]# mysqlbinlog -d oldboy /opt/mysql-bin.000002##查看binlog日志内容
/*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/;
/*!40019 [email protected]@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/;
/*!50003 [email protected][email protected]@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/;
DELIMITER /*!*/;
[[email protected]]# cd /opt/
[[email protected]]# mysqlbinlog -d oldboy mysql-bin.000002>bin.sql ##将binlog放到bin.sql下
[[email protected]]# vi bin.sql ##vi编辑进去删除drop数据的那条语句,保存退出
[ro[email protected] opt]# mysql -uroot-poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution
mysql> show variables like ‘log_bin‘;
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[[email protected] opt]# mysql -uroot-poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock <quanbei.sql ##主库恢复全备
[[email protected] opt]# mysql -uroot-poldboy -S /data/3306/mysql.sock oldboy <bin.sql ##再恢复binlog
[[email protected] opt]# mysql -uroot -poldboy-S /data/3306/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 17
Server version: 5.5.32-log Sourcedistribution
mysql> select * from oldboy test; ##进入数据库查看,此时数据已恢复
ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected
mysql> select * from oldboy.test;
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1| oldboy |
| 2| oldboy11 |
| 3| oldboy12 |
| 4| oldboy13 |
| 5| oldboy14 |
| 6| oldboy15 |
| 7| oldboy101 |
| 8| oldboy102 |
+----+-----------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
增量恢复小结:
1、人为sql造成的误操作
2、要有全备和增量
3、恢复时建议对外停止更新
4、恢复全量,然后把增量日志中有问题的sql语句删除,恢复到数据库
总结数据库增量恢复:
1、停止一个从库,主库刷新binlog,把mysql-bin-000002恢复成bin.sql (vi bin.sql)
去掉删除的语句,/drop搜索删除的语句,在vi里干掉
2、把全备quanbei.sql及10点前的增量bin.sql恢复到从库
3、数据丢多少? 10:10分刷新binlog以后的数据mysql-bin.000003
4、停止主库,快速把mysql-bin.000003解析为sql,恢复到从库。
5、切换到从库提供服务
增量恢复的核心思想:
1、流程制度控制,防止问题发生,如果不做,面临服务和数据丢失问题
2、通过延迟备份来解决,或者监控、黑名单、白名单机制
3、业务需求容忍度,选择停库或锁表或容忍丢失部分数据
本文出自 “Arthur” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://sumous.blog.51cto.com/10483407/1948132
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