MySQL高可用性之Keepalived+MySQL(双主热备)

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mysql双主复制,即互为Master-Slave(只有一个Master提供写操作),可以实现数据库服务器的热备,但是一个Master宕机后不能实现动态切换。而Keepalived通过虚拟IP,实现了双主对外的统一接口以及自动检查、失败切换机制。联合使用,可以实现MySQL数据库的高可用方案。

环境描述:
OS:CentOS6.5_X64
MASTER:192.168.196.133
BACKUP:192.168.196.134
VIP:192.168.196.135
操作系统时间一致更改:
# date -s "20170707 01:51:42"
# hwclock --systohc

1按照之前的文章,搭建双主备机

2安装keepalived
[root@backup ~]# yum install -y pcre-devel openssl-devel popt-devel #安装依赖包

[root@master ~]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz 
[root@master ~]# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.7.tar.gz 
[root@master ~]# cd keepalived-1.2.7 
[root@master ~]#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived 
[root@master ~]#make && make install


3将keepalived配置成系统服务

[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/ 
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ 
[root@master ~]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/ 
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ 
[root@master ~]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/


4修改配置文件
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf  

x
 
1
! Configuration File for keepalived
2
3
global_defs {
4
   notification_email {
5
     acassen@firewall.loc
6
     failover@firewall.loc
7
     sysadmin@firewall.loc
8
   }
9
   notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc
10
   smtp_server 192.168.200.1
11
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
12
   router_id MYSQL_HA       #标识,双主相同 
13
}
14
15
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
16
    state BACKUP            #两台都设置BACKUP 
17
    interface eth1
18
    virtual_router_id 51    #主备相同 
19
    priority 100            #优先级,backup设置90 
20
    advert_int 1
21
    nopreempt                 #不主动抢占资源,只在master这台优先级高的设置,backup不设置 
22
    authentication {
23
        auth_type PASS
24
        auth_pass 1111
25
    }
26
    virtual_ipaddress {
27
        192.168.196.135
28
    }
29
}
30
31
virtual_server 192.168.196.135 3306 {
32
    delay_loop 2
33
    #lb_algo rr        #LVS算法,用不到,我们就关闭了 
34
    #lb_kind NAT        #LVS模式,如果不关闭,备用服务器不能通过VIP连接主MySQL 
35
    nat_mask 255.255.255.0
36
    persistence_timeout 50
37
    protocol TCP
38
39
    real_server 192.168.196.133 3306 {      #检测本地mysql,backup也要写检测本地mysql 
40
        weight 3
41
        notify_down /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh    #当mysq服down时,执行此脚本,杀死keepalived实现切换 
42
        TCP_CHECK { 
43
                connect_timeout 3    #连接超时 
44
                nb_get_retry 3      #重试次数 
45
                delay_before_retry 3 #重试间隔时间 
46
        } 
47
    }
48
}
[root@master ~]# vi /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    pkill keepalived
[root@master ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/keepalived/mysql.sh 
[root@master ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start

#backup服务器只修改priority为90、nopreempt不设置、real_server设置本地IP。

5授权两台Mysql服务器允许root远程登录,用于在其他服务器登陆测试!
mysql>grant all privileges on *.* to \'root\'@\'%\' identified by \'root\';
mysql>flush privileges

6、测试高可用性

    1、通过Mysql客户端通过VIP连接,看是否连接成功。
    2、停止master这台mysql服务,是否能正常切换过去,可通过ip addr命令来查看VIP在哪台服务器上。


    3、可通过查看/var/log/messges日志,看出主备切换过程
    4、master服务器故障恢复后,是否主动抢占资源,成为活动服务器。



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