MySQL DML操作--------CURD最佳实战
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1. 背景
* CURD 操作通常是使用关系型数据库系统中的结构化查询语言(Structured Query Language,SQL)完成的
* CURD 定义了用于处理数据的基本原子操作
* CURD 代表创建(Create)、更新(Update)、读取(Retrieve)和删除(Delete)操作。
2. 创建表操作
* 创建数据库(DB) mytest
CHARACTER SET: 设置字符集
mysql> CREATE DATABASE mytest CHARACTER SET utf8mb4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
* 在数据库中创建表(table)
ENGINE=INNODB 指定Innodb 存储引擎
CHARSET=utf8mb4 设置表字符集
mysql> CREATE TABLE users( -> id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> name VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, -> sex ENUM(‘M‘, ‘F‘) NOT NULL, -> age INT NOT NULL -> )ENGINE=INNODB CHARSET=utf8mb4; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
3. 插入数据操作
* select 插入单条数据
mysql> INSERT INTO users SELECT NULL, ‘tom‘, ‘M‘, 29; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users; +----+------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | +----+------+-----+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
* values 插入单条数据
mysql> INSERT INTO users VALUES (NULL, ‘jak‘, ‘F‘, 33); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from users; +----+------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | | 2 | jak | F | 33 | +----+------+-----+-----+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
* select 指定列插入 [ id列会自增 ]
mysql> INSERT INTO users(name, sex, age) SELECT ‘sea‘, ‘M‘, ‘26‘; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users; +----+------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | | 2 | jak | F | 33 | | 3 | sea | M | 26 | +----+------+-----+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
* values 指定列插入
mysql> INSERT INTO users(name, sex, age) VALUES (‘hai‘, ‘F‘, ‘18‘); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from users; +----+------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | | 2 | jak | F | 33 | | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 4 | hai | F | 18 | +----+------+-----+-----+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
* values 插入多条数据
mysql> INSERT INTO users VALUES (null, ‘test1‘, ‘F‘, 23), (null, ‘test2‘, ‘M‘, 34); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | | 2 | jak | F | 33 | | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 4 | hai | F | 18 | | 5 | test1 | F | 23 | | 6 | test2 | M | 34 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
* values 指定列插入多条数据
mysql> INSERT INTO users(name, sex, age) VALUES (‘user1‘, ‘F‘, 23), (‘user2‘, ‘M‘, 34); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | | 2 | jak | F | 33 | | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 4 | hai | F | 18 | | 5 | test1 | F | 23 | | 6 | test2 | M | 34 | | 7 | user1 | F | 23 | | 8 | user2 | M | 34 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
4. 修改数据操作
update <table_name>
set column = val, ....
where 条件语句 (没有写条件语句会修改表中所有数据)
* 一次修改单列数据操作
mysql> select * from users where id = 1; +----+------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+------+-----+-----+ | 1 | tom | M | 29 | +----+------+-----+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> UPDATE users set name=‘lisea‘ where id = 1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users where id = 1; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | lisea | M | 29 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
* 一次修改多列数据操作
mysql> select * from users where id = 1; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | lisea | M | 29 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) mysql> UPDATE users set sex=‘F‘,age=33 where id = 1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from users where id = 1; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | lisea | F | 33 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
5. 删除数据操作
delete from <table_name>
where 条件语句 [ 没有写条件语句会修改表中所有数据 ]
mysql> select * from users; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 1 | lisea | F | 33 | | 2 | jak | F | 33 | | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 4 | hai | F | 18 | | 5 | test1 | F | 23 | | 6 | test2 | M | 34 | | 7 | user1 | F | 23 | | 8 | user2 | M | 34 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 1; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec) mysql> select * from users; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 2 | jak | F | 33 | | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 4 | hai | F | 18 | | 5 | test1 | F | 23 | | 6 | test2 | M | 34 | | 7 | user1 | F | 23 | | 8 | user2 | M | 34 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 7 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> DELETE FROM users WHERE id in (2, 4); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from users; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 5 | test1 | F | 23 | | 6 | test2 | M | 34 | | 7 | user1 | F | 23 | | 8 | user2 | M | 34 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> DELETE FROM users WHERE id >= 7; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> select * from users; +----+-------+-----+-----+ | id | name | sex | age | +----+-------+-----+-----+ | 3 | sea | M | 26 | | 5 | test1 | F | 23 | | 6 | test2 | M | 34 | +----+-------+-----+-----+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
6. 总结
以需求驱动技术,技术本身没有优略之分,只有业务之分。
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