Redis的安装与使用(单节点)

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IP:192.168.4.111

环境:CentOS 6.6

Redis版本:redis-3.0 (考虑到Redis3.0在集群和性能提升方面的特性,rc版为正式版的候选版,而且很快就出正式版)

安装目录:/usr/local/redis

用户:root

 

编译和安装所需的包:

# yum install gcc tcl

 

下载3.0版Redis(当前最新版redis-3.0.0-rc5.tar.gz,请学员们在安装时自行选用最新版)

# cd /usr/local/src

# wget https://github.com/antirez/redis/archive/3.0.0-rc5.tar.gz

 

创建安装目录:

# mkdir /usr/local/redis

 

解压:

# tar -zxvf 3.0.0-rc5.tar.gz

# mv redis-3.0.0-rc5 redis3.0

# cd redis3.0

 

安装(使用PREFIX指定安装目录):

# make PREFIX=/usr/local/redis install

安装完成后,可以看到/usr/local/redis目录下有一个bin目录,bin目录里就是redis的命令脚本:

redis-benchmark  redis-check-aof  redis-check-dump  redis-cli  redis-server

 

将Redis配置成服务:

按上面的操作步骤,Redis的启动脚本为:/usr/local/src/redis3.0/utils/redis_init_script

将启动脚本复制到/etc/rc.d/init.d/目录下,并命名为redis:

# cp /usr/local/src/redis3.0/utils/redis_init_script /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis

编辑/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis,修改相应配置,使之能注册成为服务:

# vi /etc/rc.d/init.d/redis

#!/bin/sh

#

# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems

# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.

 

REDISPORT=6379

EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server

CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli

 

PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid

CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf"

 

case "$1" in

    start)

        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]

        then

                echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"

        else

                echo "Starting Redis server..."

                $EXEC $CONF

        fi

        ;;

    stop)

        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]

        then

                echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"

        else

                PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)

                echo "Stopping ..."

                $CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown

                while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]

                do

                    echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."

                    sleep 1

                done

                echo "Redis stopped"

        fi

        ;;

    *)

        echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"

        ;;

esac

 

查看以上redis服务脚本,关注标为橙色的几个属性,做如下几个修改的准备:

(1)  在脚本的第一行后面添加一行内容如下:

#chkconfig: 2345 80 90

(如果不添加上面的内容,在注册服务时会提示:service redis does not support chkconfig)

(2)  REDISPORT端口保持6379不变;(注意,端口名将与下面的配置文件名有关)

(3)  EXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-server改为 EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server

(4)  CLIEXEC=/usr/local/bin/redis-cli 改为CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli

(5)  配置文件设置:

创建redis配置文件目录

# mkdir /usr/local/redis/conf

复制redis配置文件/usr/local/src/redis3.0/redis.conf到/usr/local/redis/conf目录并按端口号重命名为6379.conf

# cp /usr/local/src/redis3.0/redis.conf /usr/local/redis/conf/6379.conf

做了以上准备后,再对CONF属性作如下调整:

CONF="/etc/redis/${REDISPORT}.conf" 改为 CONF="/usr/local/redis/conf/${REDISPORT}.conf"

(6)  更改redis开启的命令,以后台运行的方式执行:

$EXEC $CONF &    #“&”作用是将服务转到后面运行

 

修改后的/etc/rc.d/init.d/redis服务脚本内容为:

#!/bin/sh

#chkconfig: 2345 80 90

#

# Simple Redis init.d script conceived to work on Linux systems

# as it does use of the /proc filesystem.

 

REDISPORT=6379

EXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server

CLIEXEC=/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-cli

 

PIDFILE=/var/run/redis_${REDISPORT}.pid

CONF="/usr/local/redis/conf/${REDISPORT}.conf"

 

case "$1" in

    start)

        if [ -f $PIDFILE ]

        then

                echo "$PIDFILE exists, process is already running or crashed"

        else

                echo "Starting Redis server..."

                $EXEC $CONF &

        fi

        ;;

    stop)

        if [ ! -f $PIDFILE ]

        then

                echo "$PIDFILE does not exist, process is not running"

        else

                PID=$(cat $PIDFILE)

                echo "Stopping ..."

                $CLIEXEC -p $REDISPORT shutdown

                while [ -x /proc/${PID} ]

                do

                    echo "Waiting for Redis to shutdown ..."

                    sleep 1

                done

                echo "Redis stopped"

        fi

        ;;

    *)

        echo "Please use start or stop as first argument"

        ;;

esac

 

以上配置操作完成后,便可将Redis注册成为服务:

# chkconfig --add redis

 

防火墙中打开对应的端口

# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

添加:

-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 6379 -j ACCEPT

重启防火墙:

# service iptables restart

 

修改redis配置文件设置:

# vi /usr/local/redis/conf/6379.conf

修改如下配置

daemonize no 改为> daemonize yes

pidfile /var/run/redis.pid 改为> pidfile /var/run/redis_6379.pid

 

启动Redis服务

# service redis start

 

将Redis添加到环境变量中:

# vi /etc/profile

在最后添加以下内容:

## Redis env

export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/redis/bin

使配置生效:

# source /etc/profile

现在就可以直接使用redis-cli等redis命令了:

 

关闭Redis服务

# service redis stop

 

默认情况下,Redis开启安全认证,可以通过/usr/local/redis/conf/6379.conf的requirepass指定一个验证密码。

 更多资料共享请加入Redis缓存技术交流组:288724942

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