mysql基础小结

Posted 2020-09-25 积水成渊数据分析

基础操作

 1 # 选择数据库
 2 show databases; 
 3 
 4 # 创建temp库,utf8
 5 create database temp character set utf8;
 6 
 7 # 选择temp库
 8 use temp;
 9 
10 # 创建students表
11 CREATE TABLE students (
12     id INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, # 学生id，int整数型列，
13     # unsigned无符号从零开始修饰符有符号是负数到正数
14     # notnull不许为空，因为id后边要作为primary key，主键不可为空，如果不指定该属性，默认可为空
15     # auto_increment自增长
16     name CHAR(8) NOT NULL,# char
17     sex CHAR(4) NOT NULL,
18     age TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL,
19     tel CHAR(13) NULL DEFAULT \'-\' #默认值为空，不想为空指定为——
20 );
21 
22 # 增加address列students
23 alter table students add address char(60); 
24 
25 # age 列后插入
26 alter table students add birthday date after age;
27 
28 # 删除birthday
29 alter table students drop birthday;
30 
31 # tel列 重命名为 telphone
32 alter table students change tel telphone char(13) default "-";
33 
34 # name列 数据类型修改为 char(16)
35 alter table students change `name` `name` char(16) not null; 
36 
37 # 删除 birthday 列
38 alter table students drop birthday;
39 
40 # 重命名 students 表为 workmates
41 alter table students rename workmates; 
42 
43 # 查看表
44 show tables;
45 
46 # 查看表信息
47 describe workmates;
48 describe students;
49 # 删除 students 表
50 drop table workmates;
51 
52 # 删除 temp 库
53 drop database temp;

查询语句

  1 # 选择数据库
  2 use credit;
  3 
  4 # 查询语句
  5 SELECT * FROM user_info limit 20;
  6 
  7 SELECT user_id,occupation FROM user_info limit 20;
  8 
  9 SELECT * FROM user_info 
 10 where sex=1 and (education=1 or marriage=1) 
 11 limit 20;
 12 
 13 # 插入语句
 14 insert into user_info values (\'A10\',\'1\',\'1\',\'1\',\'1\',\'1\');
 15 insert into user_info(user_id,sex) values (\'A10\',\'1\');
 16 
 17 # 记录更新
 18 set sql_safe_updates = 0;
 19 update user_info set occupation=\'2\',education = \'2\' 
 20 where user_id = \'A10\';
 21 
 22 # 删除记录
 23 delete from user_info where user_id = \'A10\';
 24 # delete from user_info; # 删除user_info表所有记录
 25 
 26 # 排序
 27 select * from user_info order by user_id;
 28 select * from user_info order by user_id asc; # 升序排列
 29 select * from user_info order by user_id desc; # 降序排列
 30 select * from user_info order by sex desc,education desc;
 31 select * from user_info where sex = 1 order by user_id;
 32 
 33 # 分组
 34 SELECT 
 35     user_id, AVG(trans_amount)
 36 FROM
 37     bank_detail
 38 GROUP BY user_id;
 39 
 40 SELECT 
 41     user_id,trans_type, AVG(trans_amount) trans_amount_avg
 42 FROM
 43     bank_detail
 44 GROUP BY user_id,trans_type;
 45 
 46 # 空值
 47 select * from user_info where sex is null;
 48 select * from user_info where sex is not null;
 49 
 50 # 模糊匹配
 51 select * from user_info where user_id like \'278%\'; # user_id以278开头 
 52 select * from user_info where user_id like \'%278%\'; # user_id包含278 
 53 select * from user_info where user_id like \'%278\'; # user_id以278结尾
 54 
 55 # 正则匹配
 56 SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE user_id REGEXP \'^278\'; # user_id以278开头
 57 select * from user_info where user_id like \'278%\';
 58 
 59 # 内连接
 60 SELECT user_info.user_id,# 查询用户表里的
 61        sex,
 62        trans_amount
 63 FROM user_info,bank_detail #两个表中都有要查询的字段
 64 WHERE user_info.user_id = bank_detail.user_id;# 连接条件两张表上的用户ID保持一致
 65 
 66 select count(*) from (
 67 SELECT user_info.user_id,
 68        sex,
 69        trans_amount
 70 FROM user_info,bank_detail 
 71 WHERE user_info.user_id = bank_detail.user_id) a;
 72 
 73 # 左连接
 74 select count(*) from (
 75 SELECT 
 76     user_info.user_id, sex, trans_amount
 77 FROM
 78     user_info
 79         LEFT JOIN
 80     bank_detail ON user_info.user_id = bank_detail.user_id) a;
 81 
 82 # 右连接
 83 SELECT 
 84     user_info.user_id, sex, trans_amount
 85 FROM
 86     user_info
 87         RIGHT JOIN
 88     bank_detail ON user_info.user_id = bank_detail.user_id;
 89 
 90 
 91 # 自定义函数
 92 DROP FUNCTION if exists standardize;
 93 
 94 DELIMITER $
 95 CREATE FUNCTION standardize(x float,y int) 
 96 RETURNS float
 97 BEGIN
 98 DECLARE a float;
 99 SET  a = x/5;
100 RETURN a+y;
101 END $
102 DELIMITER ;
103 
104 select standardize(3.2,3);
105 
106 SELECT 
107     STANDARDIZE(trans_amount,1)
108 FROM
109     bank_detail;
110 
111 # 存储过程
112 drop procedure if exists info;
113 
114 delimiter $ 
115 create procedure info(uid int) 
116 begin 
117 select * from user_info where user_id = uid; 
118 end $ 
119 delimiter ; 
120 
121 call info(10);
122 
123 # 重复数据
124 SELECT 
125     user_id, COUNT(*) AS repetitions
126 FROM
127     bank_detail
128 GROUP BY user_id
129 HAVING repetitions > 1;
130 
131 # 过滤重复
132 select count(*) from
133 (select * from bank_detail
134 group by user_id,trans_amount) a;