MS SQL 模仿ORACLE的DESC

Posted 2020-09-25 张英爱

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前言：在ORACLE数据库的SQL*PLUS里面有个DES(DESCRIBE)命令,它可以返回数据库所存储对象的描述,如下所示

SQL> DESC STUDENT_SCORE

Name             Type       Nullable Default Comments

---------------- ---------- -------- ------- --------

STUDENT_NO       NUMBER(10)                  学号

CHINESE_SCORE    NUMBER     Y                语文成绩

ENGLISH_SCORE    NUMBER     Y                英语成绩

MATH_SOCRE       NUMBER     Y                数学成绩

PHYSICAL_SCORE   NUMBER     Y                物理成绩

SPORTS_SCORE     NUMBER     Y                体育成绩

CHEMICAL_SCORE   NUMBER     Y                化学成绩

BIOLOGICAL_SCORE NUMBER     Y                生物成绩

DESC可以获取表、视图等的字段名、字段类型、以及字段注释等信息。在开发过程中，这个命令非常实用，方便，也是使用频率比较高的命令，在MS SQL中没有这个命令，倒是有个sp_help命令，也比较方便，获取的信息甚至比DESC命令还多，但是它有个缺陷，不能获取字段的注释信息，有时候给你来一堆你不想关注的信息。下面我们我们来创建一个存储过程，模拟实现DESC命令的功能以及定制一些你想要的功能。希望这个存储过程能方便大家的工作。初版代码如下：

sp_desc

SET ANSI_NULLS ON;
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
IF EXISTS(SELECT 1 FROM sysobjects WHEREid=OBJECT_ID(N\'sp_desc\')
AND OBJECTPROPERTY(id, \'IsProcedure\') =1)
DROP PROCEDURE sp_desc;
GO
--==================================================================================================
-- ProcedureName : sp_desc
-- Author : Kerry
-- CreateDate : 2013-05-13
-- Blog : www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/
-- Description : 模仿ORACLE的SQLPLUS命令DESC，并且参考sp_help相关
-- 增强功能
/***************************************************************************************************
Parameters : 参数说明
****************************************************************************************************
@ObjName : 需要查看的对象名称，例如表名、视图等
****************************************************************************************************
Modified Date Modified User Version Modified Reason
****************************************************************************************************
2013-05-19 Kerry V01.00.01 增加Print信息，提示输出内容
***************************************************************************************************/
--==================================================================================================
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_desc
(
@ObjName VARCHAR(32)
)
AS
SET NOCOUNT ON;
DECLARE @ObjectId INT;
DECLARE @Sysobj_Type CHAR(2);
IF @ObjName IS NULL
BEGIN
PRINT \'you must assign the parameter @ObjNam\';
RETURN 0;
END
SELECT @ObjectId = object_id, @Sysobj_Type=type FROM sys.all_objects
WHERE object_id =OBJECT_ID(@ObjName);
IF @Sysobj_Type =\'U\' AND @ObjectId > 0
BEGIN
SELECT N\'************表的功能描述信息**********\' AS N\'表的功能描述信息\';
--表的功能描述信息
SELECT ISNULL(value, \'麻烦补齐表的功能描述信息\') AS Table_Desc
FROM sys.extended_properties
WHERE major_id = @ObjectId
AND minor_id = 0
SELECT N\'************表结构基本信息************\' AS N\'表结构基本信息\';
--列出表结构的基本信息
SELECT C.Name AS Column_Nam ,
CASE WHEN T.Name = \'nvarchar\'
THEN T.name + \'(\' + CAST(C.max_length / 2 AS VARCHAR) + \')\'
ELSE T.name
END AS Data_Type ,
CASE WHEN C.Max_Length = -1 THEN \'Max\'
ELSE CAST(C.Max_Length AS VARCHAR)
END AS Max_Length ,
C.Precision ,
C.Scale ,
CASE WHEN C.is_nullable = 0 THEN \'×\'
ELSE \'√\'
END AS Is_Nullable ,
ISNULL(CAST(I.seed_value AS VARCHAR) + \'-\'
+ CAST(I.increment_value AS VARCHAR), \'\') AS Is_Identity ,
ISNULL(M.text, \'\') AS Default_Value ,
ISNULL(P.value, \'\') AS Column_Comments
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.types T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments M ON M.id = C.default_object_id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties P ON P.major_id = C.object_id
AND C.column_id = P.minor_id
LEFT JOIN sys.identity_columns I ON I.column_id = C.column_id
AND C.object_id = I.object_id
WHERE C.[object_id] = @ObjectId
ORDER BY C.Column_Id ASC;
SELECT N\'**********表约束基本信息************\' AS N\'表约束基本信息\';
--表的约束信息
SELECT name ,
type
FROM sys.objects
WHERE parent_object_id = @ObjectId
AND type IN( \'C \', \'PK\', \'UQ\', \'F \', \'D \' ) ;
SELECT N\'********表的索引基本信息********\' AS N\'表的索引基本信息\';
--±表的索引信息
SELECT i.index_id ,
i.data_space_id ,
i.name ,
CASE WHEN type = 0 THEN \'堆\'
WHEN type = 1 THEN \'聚集索引\'
WHEN type = 2 THEN \'非聚集索引\'
WHEN type = 3 THEN \'XML\'
WHEN TYPE = 4 THEN \'空间\'
END AS [type] ,
i.ignore_dup_key ,
i.is_unique ,
i.is_hypothetical ,
i.is_primary_key ,
i.is_unique_constraint ,
s.auto_created ,
s.no_recompute
FROM sys.indexes i
JOIN sys.stats s ON i.object_id = s.object_id
AND i.index_id = s.stats_id
WHERE i.object_id = @ObjectId;
SELECT N\'********索引包含那些字段********\' AS \'索引字段信息\';
SELECT d.name, i.index_id, c.name
FROM sys.indexes d
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns i ON d.object_id = i.object_id
LEFT JOIN sys.columns c ON i.object_id = c.object_id
AND i.index_column_id = c.column_id
WHERE d.object_id = @ObjectId;
SELECT N\'********表的触发器基本信息********\' AS N\'触发器信息\';
--表的触发器信息
SELECT trigger_name = name ,
trigger_owner = USER_NAME(OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ownerid\')) ,
isupdate = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ExecIsUpdateTrigger\') ,
isdelete = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ExecIsDeleteTrigger\') ,
isinsert = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ExecIsInsertTrigger\') ,
isafter = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ExecIsAfterTrigger\') ,
isinsteadof = OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ExecIsInsteadOfTrigger\') ,
trigger_schema = SCHEMA_NAME(schema_id)
FROM sys.objects
WHERE parent_object_id = @ObjectId
AND type IN( \'TR\', \'TA\' ) ;
END
ELSE IF @Sysobj_Type =\'V\' AND @ObjectId > 0
BEGIN
SELECT N\'*********视图的功能描述信息**********\' AS N\'视图的功能描述信息\';
--视图的功能描述信息
SELECT ISNULL(value, N\'麻烦补齐描述该视图功能的信息\') AS View_Desc
FROM sys.extended_properties
WHERE major_id = @ObjectId
AND minor_id = 0
SELECT \'*************视图基本信息*****************\' AS N\'视图基本信息\';
SELECT C.Name AS Column_Nam ,
CASE WHEN T.Name = \'nvarchar\'
THEN T.name + \'(\' + CAST(C.max_length / 2 AS VARCHAR) + \')\'
ELSE T.name
END AS Data_Type ,
CASE WHEN C.Max_Length = -1 THEN \'Max\'
ELSE CAST(C.Max_Length AS VARCHAR)
END AS Max_Length ,
C.Precision ,
C.Scale ,
CASE WHEN C.is_nullable = 0 THEN \'×\'
ELSE \'√\'
END AS Is_Nullable ,
ISNULL(CAST(I.seed_value AS VARCHAR) + \'-\'
+ CAST(I.increment_value AS VARCHAR), \'\') AS Is_Identity ,
ISNULL(M.text, \'\') AS Default_Value ,
ISNULL(P.value, \'\') AS Column_Comments
FROM sys.columns C
INNER JOIN sys.types T ON C.system_type_id = T.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments M ON M.id = C.default_object_id
LEFT JOIN sys.extended_properties P ON P.major_id = C.object_id
AND C.column_id = P.minor_id
LEFT JOIN sys.identity_columns I ON I.column_id = C.column_id
AND C.object_id = I.object_id
WHERE C.[object_id] = @ObjectId
ORDER BY C.Column_Id ASC;
SELECT \'**********视图脚本***********\' AS \'视图脚本\';
EXEC sp_helptext @ObjName;
END
ELSE IF @Sysobj_Type =\'P\' AND @ObjectId > 0
BEGIN
SELECT N\'*********描述存储过程功能信息**********\' AS N\'描述存储过程功能信息\';
--存储过程的功能描述信息
SELECT ISNULL(value, N\'麻烦补齐描述该存储过程功能的信息\') AS View_Desc
FROM sys.extended_properties
WHERE major_id = @ObjectId
AND minor_id = 0;
EXEC sp_help @ObjName;
END
ELSE IF @Sysobj_Type IN(\'IF\') AND @ObjectId > 0
BEGIN
SELECT N\'*********描述自定义函数功能信息**********\' AS N\'描述自定义函数功能信息\';
--描述自定义函数功能信息
SELECT ISNULL(value, N\'麻烦补齐描述该自定义函数功能的信息\') AS View_Desc
FROM sys.extended_properties
WHERE major_id = @ObjectId
AND minor_id = 0;
SELECT \'Name\' = o.name ,
\'Owner\' = USER_NAME(OBJECTPROPERTY(object_id, \'ownerid\')) ,
\'Object_type\' = SUBSTRING(v.name, 5, 31)
FROM sys.all_objects o ,
master.dbo.spt_values v
WHERE o.object_id =@ObjectId AND o.type = SUBSTRING(v.name, 1, 2) COLLATE database_default
AND v.type = \'O9T\'
ORDER BY [Owner] ASC ,
Object_type DESC ,
Name ASC
END
GO

接下来，我们新建一张表来看看效果如何，视图，存储过程、自定义函数就不大战篇幅去展示了，一个例子就OK了，有兴趣的，自己试试

SET ANSI_NULLS ON

GO

SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON

GO

IF EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID(N\'Employee\') AND type=\'U\')

    DROP TABLE dbo.Employee;

GO

CREATE TABLE Employee

    Employee_ID          INT  IDENTITY(1,1) ,

    Employee_Name        NVARCHAR(12)        ,

    Sex                     SMALLINT DEFAULT(1),

    Department_ID         INT                ,

    Salary                 FLOAT                ,

    WorkYear             INT                ,

    CONSTRAINT PK_Employee PRIMARY KEY(Employee_ID)

);

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'员工编号\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\', @level2type=N\'COLUMN\',@level2name=N\'Employee_ID\'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'员工姓名\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\', @level2type=N\'COLUMN\',@level2name=N\'Employee_Name\'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'性别\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\', @level2type=N\'COLUMN\',@level2name=N\'Sex\'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'部门编号\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\', @level2type=N\'COLUMN\',@level2name=N\'Department_ID\'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'薪水\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\', @level2type=N\'COLUMN\',@level2name=N\'Salary\'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'工龄\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\', @level2type=N\'COLUMN\',@level2name=N\'WorkYear\'

GO

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'员工信息表\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'TABLE\',@level1name=N\'Employee\'

CREATE TRIGGER TR_Employee_Salary ON Employee

 AFTER INSERT

AS

DECLARE @Salary FLOAT;

    SELECT @Salary = Salary FROM INSERTED;

 IF (@Salary < 0)

    BEGIN

        RAISERROR(\'The Salary  Small than 0 \',10,1);

        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION;

END

GO

CREATE VIEW V_Employee

AS

    SELECT Employee_ID, Employee_Name, WorkYear FROM Employee

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'员工信息表\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'VIEW\',@level1name=N\'V_Employee\'

EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty @name=N\'MS_Description\', @value=N\'给用户批量赋权限的存储过程\' , @level0type=N\'SCHEMA\',@level0name=N\'dbo\', @level1type=N\'PROCEDURE\',@level1name=N\'sp_authorize_right\'

执行存储过程，你可以获取表Employee的基本信息了，如下所示

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