Oracle 相关知识
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1.Navicat 连接Oracle 报错：
解决办法：
1).先下载oracle客户端，win64_11gR2_client.zip，下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/112010-win64soft-094461.html
2).下载之后打开navicat，选择工具->选项->其他->OCI 的OCI Library(oci.dll)*:选择指定的路径:C:\\app\\test\\product\\11.2.0\\client_1\\oci.dll。如图：
2、oracle安装之后，创建用户名和权限
create user 用户名 identified by "密码"; 授权：grant create session to 用户名; grant create table to 用户名; grant create tablespace to 用户名; grant create view to 用户名;
3、序列处理
--select HR_TABLE_PERSONID.nextval from dual;
--select *from dba_sequences where sequence_owner=\'TestRecord\' AND SEQUENCE_NAME IN(\'Test_DEVICEUSER_ID\',\'TEST_PROJECT_PROJECTID\');
4、oracle不足位数补零
Oracle 函数中有不足位数补空格的函数
LPAD和RPAD分别是左补位和右补位
repalce(lpad(字段名，共几位)，‘ ’，‘0’)
如运行
select replace(lpad(\'123\',5),\' \',\'0\') from dual
结果是00123
即补足五位
-- 流水号信息表 CREATE TABLE Test_SERIALNUMBER ( "ID" Number(10) primary key, "NAME" VARCHAR2(100), BILLMARK VARCHAR2(100), ENTITY VARCHAR2(100), "YEAR" VARCHAR2(100), "MONTH" VARCHAR2(100), "DAY" VARCHAR2(100), PLACES INT, MAXCODE Number(15), NVersion timestamp ) LOGGING NOCOMPRESS NOCACHE; -- 添加表注释 COMMENT ON TABLE Test_SERIALNUMBER IS \'流水号信息表\'; -- 添加字段注释 COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.ID IS \'主键ID\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.NAME IS \'名称\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.ENTITY IS \'实体名称\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.BILLMARK IS \'标记\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.YEAR IS \'年\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.MONTH IS \'月\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.DAY IS \'日\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.PLACES IS \'位数\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.MAXCODE IS \'流水号\'; COMMENT ON COLUMN Test_SERIALNUMBER.NVersion IS \'版本号\'; -- 插入一个数据 INSERT INTO Test_SERIALNUMBER("ID","NAME",BILLMARK,ENTITY,"YEAR","MONTH","DAY",PLACES,MAXCODE,NVersion) values(1,\'个人信息\',\'KM\',\'Test_PERSONINFO\',\'2017\',\'06\',\'29\',9,\'1000000000\',to_timestamp(sysdate,\'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss.ff\'));
6.存储过程
/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 获取最大流水号 vEntity -- 实体名称（表名） vbillCode -- 返回流水号 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE UP_GETMAXCODE(vEntity IN VARCHAR,vbillCode out VARCHAR) AS BEGIN DECLARE vMaxCode VARCHAR(20); vNVersion timestamp; vTimes INT; BEGIN SELECT (MAXCODE+1),NVersion INTO vMaxCode,vNVersion FROM HR_SERIIALNUMBER WHERE ENTITY=vEntity; UPDATE HR_SERIIALNUMBER SET MAXCODE=MAXCODE+1 WHERE ENTITY=vEntity AND NVersion=vNVersion; WHILE sql%rowcount=0 LOOP BEGIN vTimes:=vTimes+1; IF MOD(vTimes,100) = 0 THEN BEGIN --等待1秒 --dbms_lock.sleep(1); IF vTimes>500 THEN BEGIN RETURN; END; END IF; END; END IF; SELECT (MAXCODE+1),NVersion INTO vMaxCode,vNVersion FROM HR_SERIIALNUMBER WHERE ENTITY=vEntity; UPDATE HR_SERIIALNUMBER SET MAXCODE=MAXCODE+1 WHERE ENTITY=vEntity AND NVersion=vNVersion; END; END LOOP; SELECT (NVL(BILLMARK,\'\')||NVL("YEAR",\'\')||NVL("MONTH",\'\')||NVL("DAY",\'\')|| SUBSTR(to_char(vMaxCode),-PLACES,PLACES)) INTO vbillCode FROM HR_SERIIALNUMBER WHERE ENTITY=vEntity; END; END;
7.游标循环批量修改某个字段的值
declare cursor test_personno_cur is select personid,personno,case to_char(createdate,\'yyyymmdd\') when \'00010101\' then to_char(updatedate,\'yyyymmdd\') else to_char(createdate,\'yyyymmdd\') end createdate from test_test order by personid asc for update; vCode varchar(20):=\'00000000000\'; begin for test_row in test_personno_cur loop vCode := to_number(vCode) + 1; --dbms_output.put_line(\'vCode:\'||vCode); vCode := lpad(vCode,11,\'0\'); --dbms_output.put_line(\'vCode:\'||vCode); update test_test set personno= (case to_char(createdate,\'yyyymmdd\') when \'00010101\' then to_char(updatedate,\'yyyymmdd\') else to_char(createdate,\'yyyymmdd\') end || vCode) where current of test_personno_cur; end loop; commit; end;
8.错误:找不到请求的 .Net Framework Data Provider。可能没有安装. （The ADO.NET provider with invariant name \'Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client\' is either not registered in the machine or application config file, or could not be loaded. See the inner exception for details.）
1). C:\\Windows\\Microsoft.NET\\Framework\\v4.0.30319\\Config\\machine.config的 <system.data>-><DbProviderFactories>下添加
<add name="ODP.NET, Managed Driver" invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" description="Oracle Data Provider for .NET, Managed Driver" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.121.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" /> <add name="ODP.NET, Unmanaged Driver" invariant="Oracle.DataAccess.Client" description="Oracle Data Provider for .NET, Unmanaged Driver" type="Oracle.DataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory, Oracle.DataAccess, Version=4.121.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342" />
2).在web.config里面添加：
<system.data> <DbProviderFactories> <remove invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client"/> <add name="ODP.NET, Managed Driver" invariant="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client" description="Oracle Data Provider for .NET, Managed Driver" type="Oracle.ManagedDataAccess.Client.OracleClientFactory, Oracle.ManagedDataAccess, Version=4.121.2.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=89b483f429c47342"/> </DbProviderFactories> </system.data>
参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/gudi/p/6110875.html
9.如何配置pl/sql 连接远程oracle服务器
前提是电脑必须安装oracle客户端。
配置方法：
1).找到oracle的安装目录。如：C:\\oracle\\product\\10.2.0\\db_1\\network\\ADMIN
2).找到tnsnames.ora文件。
3).用文本方式打开，添加以下内容：
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本地实例名 = (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 远程数据库IP地址)(PORT = 远程服务器端口号)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = 远程数据库服务名) ) ) |
其中中文部分是需要修改的部分，除第一个“本地实例名”外，其他需要跟远程数据库管理员咨询，本地实例名就是方便自己识别数据库的一个名字，可以自定义。
4).然后打开pl/sql就能看到自己创建的链接，如图：
10.利用plsql 客户端，执行脚本需要commit;
11.查看当前库中表的个数：
Oracle： select count（*） from user_tables
SqlServer： SELECT count(*) FROM sysobjects WHERE (xtype = \'U\'),
mysql：SELECT COUNT(*) TABLES, table_schema FROM information_schema.TABLES WHERE table_schema = \'ctms_demo\'
12.查看oracle索引：
select *from dba_sequences where sequence_owner=\'\' and sequence_name like \'%see%\';
13.oracle 命令导出数据库
exp test/ABC23@Orcl owner=testfile=d:\\2018.dmp log=d:\\test.txt STATISTICS=none
14.Oracle序列
1).oracle创建序列(SqlServer:IDENTITY(1,1) 和Mysql可以自增长)
CREATE SEQUENCE HR_TEST_TESTID INCREMENT BY 1 MINVALUE 1 MAXVALUE 9999999999999999999999999999 START WITH 1 CACHE 500;
---调用
select HR_TEST_TESTID.nextval from dual
2).查找所有的序列
select * from user_sequences;
15.通过命令导出oracle 数据库(.dmp文件)，也可以通过oracle客户端PLSQL Developer导出
命令连接oracle 客户端的配置文件：tnsping orcl 如下图
cd C:\\app\\Ham\\product\\11.2.0\\dbhome_1\\BIN sqlplus Test/test@orcl exit exp Test/test@orcl owner=testr file=d:\\data\\data2017.dmp log=d:\\data\\test.txt STATISTICS=none
如下图：
16.EFProfiler 查看和跟踪EF生成的Oracle脚本
1).下载EFProfiler https://hibernatingrhinos.com/products/EFProf 本次用的是EntityFramework.Profiler-v4.0-Build-4041
2).注册申请证书 https://hibernatingrhinos.com/products/EFProf/buy
打开EFProf.exe,把.xml的证书导入，然后
a.引用dll,HibernatingRhinos.Profiler.Appender.dll
b.Global Application_Start 添加 HibernatingRhinos.Profiler.Appender.EntityFramework.EntityFrameworkProfiler.Initialize();
本次是webAPI程序，在Global.asax.cs 的 Application_Start 方法里面加入HibernatingRhinos.Profiler.Appender.EntityFramework.EntityFrameworkProfiler.Initialize();
c.启动EFProf.exe 程序
参考：http://blog.csdn.net/gavin_luo/article/details/42457509
17.oracle 转sqlserver 总结
1).可以通过navicat 的工具->数据传输，可以转表结构和数据。然后受到修改相关字段和存储过程，视图等，这个方法碰到大数据会报错。如图：
2).可以通过SSMA for Oracle 参考: 1. http://www.codes51.com/article/detail_122407.html 2.http://blog.csdn.net/zheng_dian/article/details/7562489
18.Oracle 数据库中区分大小写，建议全部使用大写，如果有有表名都有大小写，查询的时候需要加上"",全部大写或全部小写，会报错：ORA-00942: 表或视图不存在
19.Oracle可以用rownum 相当于sqlserver 的top
select rownum,t.* from hr_test t where rownum > 0 order by rownum asc;
20.经常用到的oracle Sql 脚本
//查看死锁 SELECT s.username,l.OBJECT_ID,l.SESSION_ID,s.SERIAL#, l.ORACLE_USERNAME,l.OS_USER_NAME,l.PROCESS FROM V$LOCKED_OBJECT l,V$SESSION S WHERE l.SESSION_ID=S.SID; CREATE TABLESPACE HealTest LOGGING DATAFILE \'D:\\app\\oracl\\oradata\\orcl\\HealTest.dbf\' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 32M MAXSIZE 500M EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL; create temporary tablespace HealTest_TEMP tempfile \'D:\\app\\oracl\\oradata\\orcl\\HealTest_TEMP.dbf\' size 100m autoextend on next 32m maxsize 500m extent management local; CREATE USER HealTest IDENTIFIED BY HealTest DEFAULT TABLESPACE HealTest TEMPORARY TABLESPACE HealTest_TEMP; drop user HealTest cascade; grant connect,resource,dba to HealTest; grant create session to HealTest;
22.oralce 表添加字段
ALTER TABLE TEST ADD(NAME VARCHAR2(30),TESTID VARCHAR2(200));
23.创建数据库相关的脚本
imp healthtest/healthtest file=D:/healthtestDB/HRDB201703231950.dmp fromuser=healthtest touser=healthtestBAK ignore=y log=D:\\test.txt exp healthtest/healthtest@orcl owner=healthtest file=d:\\healthtest.dmp log=d:\\healthtest.txt STATISTICS=none 1.create tablespace healthtest_tabspace datafile \'c:\\OrclDB\\healthtest_data.dbf\' size 500M autoextend on next 5M; 2.create user healthtest identified by healthtest default tablespace healthtest_tabspace; 3.grant connect,resource,dba to healthtest; 4.ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME UNLIMITED; --删除表名称空间 --DROP TABLESPACE healthtest_tabspace INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;
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