使用SQL语句使数据从坚向排列转化成横向排列(排班表)

Posted 2020-09-22 库拉丽秋

知识重点：

1.extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=13

Extract 属于 SQL 的 DML（即数据库管理语言）函数，同样，InterBase 也支持 Extract，它主要用于从一个日期或时间型的字段内抽取年、月、日、时、分、秒数据，因此，它支持其关健字 YEAR、MONTH、DAY、HOUR、MINUTE、SECOND、WEEKDAY、YEARDAY。

　　Extract 的使用语法为：

　　 EXTRACT（关健字 FROM 日期或时间型字段）

　　如：extract(year from schedule01)=2017从日期中提取年份

2.max()函数：取最大值

3.case()函数的嵌套

　　注意嵌套case()函数时，每个case的开始和结束。 

 

---

 

排班功能：现有两个人员(A和B)，他们在不同日期的值班状态(state)不同，现在要查询他们在2017.6月的值班信息

表结构如下：

 1 CREATE TABLE public.temp_schedule
 2 
 3 (
 4 
 5   id integer NOT NULL DEFAULT nextval(\'temp_schedule_id_seq\'::regclass),
 6 
 7   schedule01 timestamp without time zone,--日期
 8 
 9   schedule03 character varying(255),--姓名
10 
11   state character varying(255),--值班状态(0休 1班)
12 
13   CONSTRAINT temp_schedule_pkey PRIMARY KEY (id)
14 
15 )

View Code

 

1.查询SQL语句：

1 select schedule03,schedule01,state  from temp_schedule
2 
3  where extract(year from schedule01)=2017 and extract(month from schedule01)=6
4 
5  order by  schedule03,schedule01;

View Code

显示为：

 

 

2.现在需要根据(6月的)日期，从1号开始根据人员名称横向合并排列数据(即只显示两行)

显示效果如下：

实现的SQL语句如下：

 1 select schedule03 as name
 2 
 3 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=1 then state end) as day1
 4 
 5 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=2 then state end) as day2
 6 
 7 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=3 then state end) as day3
 8 
 9 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=4 then state end) as day4
10 
11 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=5 then state end) as day5
12 
13 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=6 then state end) as day6
14 
15 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=7 then state end) as day7
16 
17 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=8 then state end) as day8
18 
19 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=9 then state end) as day9
20 
21 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=10 then state end) as day10
22 
23 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=11 then state end) as day11
24 
25 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=12 then state end) as day12
26 
27 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=13 then state end) as day13
28 
29 from temp_schedule
30 
31 where extract(year from schedule01)=2017 and extract(month from schedule01)=6
32 
33 group by schedule03;

View Code

 

3.将人员的值班状态通过汉字(0休 1班)显示出来，显示效果如下：

SQL语句(主要是实现case的嵌套)：

 1 select schedule03 as name
 2 
 3 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=1 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day1
 4 
 5 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=2 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day2
 6 
 7 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=3 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day3
 8 
 9 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=4 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day4
10 
11 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=5 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day5
12 
13 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=6 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day6
14 
15 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=7 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day7
16 
17 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=8 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day8
18 
19 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=9 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day9
20 
21 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=10 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day10
22 
23 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=11 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day11
24 
25 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=12 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day12
26 
27 ,max(case when extract(day from schedule01::timestamp)=13 then (case when state=\'0\' then \'休\' else \'班\' end) end) as day13
28 
29 from temp_schedule
30 
31 where extract(year from schedule01)=2017 and extract(month from schedule01)=6
32 
33 group by schedule03 ;

View Code

 

---

 

　　知识一点点的累积，技术一点点的提高！加油！