RMAN异地恢复-适用于数据库量比较大的场景

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之前验证异地备份，只对数据库做个全备就备份恢复了，这种适用于数据库比较小的场景，因为如果数据库量大的话，备份，拷贝备份，恢复数据库的时间就比较长，停业务的时间就会比较长。

如果数据库比较大，可以提前几天将全备文件拷贝过来，在目标端restore database，然后每天增量拷贝归档日志的备份，直到真正迁移的时候，只拷贝最近的归档日志的备份，最后在目标端recover database，可大大缩短业务停止时间。

一 对源端数据库做备份

1.1 对数据库做个全备

RMAN> backup database format '/home/oracle/backup/full.bak_01081541' tag='full.bak_01081541';

Starting backup at 08-JAN-23

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/baidd.dbf

input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/baidd2.dbf

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JAN-23

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JAN-23

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/full.bak_01081541 tag=FULL.BAK_01081541 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15

Finished backup at 08-JAN-23



Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JAN-23

piece handle=/data/backup/controlfile_bak/control.bak_20230108_c-1572833030-20230108-05 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JAN-23

二 拷贝备份到目标端

2.1 拷贝控制文件备份

scp /data/backup/controlfile_bak/control.bak_20230108_c-1572833030-20230108-05 192.168.1.252:/home/oracle/bak/ctl_bak/

2.2 拷贝全库备份

scp /home/oracle/backup/full.bak_01081541 192.168.1.252:/home/oracle/bak/db_bak/

三 在目标端恢复数据

3.1 恢复控制文件

startup nomount;

restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/bak/ctl_bak/control.bak_20230108_c-1572833030-20230108-05';

3.2 将数据库启动到mount状态

alter database mount;

#指定备份文件所在位置，这样数据库会自动在该路径下找备份文件进行恢复。

catalog start with '/home/oracle/bak/';

 3.3 restore database

restore database;

 3.4 对源端归档日志做备份，并拷贝到目标端

#在源端造测试数据

SQL> insert into scott.t1(id,name) values(5,'arch1');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

RMAN> backup archivelog all  delete all input format='/home/oracle/backup/%d_%t_%s' tag='arch_first.bak';

Starting backup at 08-JAN-23

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=63 STAMP=1125589661

input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=64 STAMP=1125589694

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JAN-23

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JAN-23

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589694_48 tag=ARCH_FIRST.BAK comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2023_01_08/o1_mf_1_18_kvnx8x1z_.arc RECID=63 STAMP=1125589661

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2023_01_08/o1_mf_1_19_kvnx9yo7_.arc RECID=64 STAMP=1125589694

Finished backup at 08-JAN-23



Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JAN-23

piece handle=/data/backup/controlfile_bak/control.bak_20230108_c-1572833030-20230108-06 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JAN-23

RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

38      29.00K     DISK        00:00:00     08-JAN-23     

        BP Key: 38   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARCH_FIRST.BAK

        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589694_48



  List of Archived Logs in backup set 38

  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

  1    18      1745322    08-JAN-23 1745523    08-JAN-23

  1    19      1745523    08-JAN-23 1745540    08-JAN-23

#拷贝全备之后的归档日志备份

scp /home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589694_48 192.168.1.252:/home/oracle/bak/arch_bak/

3.5 停止源端应用业务，备份归档日志

3.5.1 停应用

略

3.5.2 备份归档日志

#造条测试数据

SQL> insert into scott.t1(id,name) values(6,'arch2');

1 row created.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

RMAN> backup archivelog all delete all input  format='/home/oracle/backup/%d_%t_%s' tag='arch_second.bak';

Starting backup at 08-JAN-23

current log archived

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=65 STAMP=1125589873

input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=66 STAMP=1125589909

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 08-JAN-23

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 08-JAN-23

piece handle=/home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589910_50 tag=ARCH_SECOND.BAK comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2023_01_08/o1_mf_1_20_kvnxhkwg_.arc RECID=65 STAMP=1125589873

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2023_01_08/o1_mf_1_21_kvnxjow9_.arc RECID=66 STAMP=1125589909

Finished backup at 08-JAN-23



Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JAN-23

piece handle=/data/backup/controlfile_bak/control.bak_20230108_c-1572833030-20230108-07 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 08-JAN-23

RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

38      29.00K     DISK        00:00:00     08-JAN-23     

        BP Key: 38   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARCH_FIRST.BAK

        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589694_48

  List of Archived Logs in backup set 38

  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

  1    18      1745322    08-JAN-23 1745523    08-JAN-23

  1    19      1745523    08-JAN-23 1745540    08-JAN-23



BS Key  Size       Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

40      40.00K     DISK        00:00:00     08-JAN-23     

        BP Key: 40   Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: ARCH_SECOND.BAK

        Piece Name: /home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589910_50



  List of Archived Logs in backup set 40

  Thrd Seq     Low SCN    Low Time  Next SCN   Next Time

  ---- ------- ---------- --------- ---------- ---------

  1    20      1745540    08-JAN-23 1745661    08-JAN-23

  1    21      1745661    08-JAN-23 1745684    08-JAN-23

3.5.3 拷贝最新归档日志备份

scp /home/oracle/backup/ORCL_1125589910_50 192.168.1.252:/home/oracle/bak/arch_bak/

3.6 recover database

#查看源端最近的归档日志备份里最后一个归档日志的NEXT SCN

 #在目标端恢复数据库到这个位置

recover database until scn=1745684;

 /*

如果不这样指定，直接recover database的话，会报错RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown archived log for thread 1 with sequence 22 and starting SCN of 1745684。因为数据库会自动去找后面的归档日志，但是我们没新的归档日志。

*/

3.6 启动数据库

alter database open resetlogs;

四 验证

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