MySQL-5.5之二进制包安装

Posted 2020-09-13

环境：

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 

CentOS release 6.8 (Final)

[[email protected] ~]# uname -r

2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64

开始安装配置：

[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/src/

[[email protected] src]# wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# ll -h

total 178M

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 178M Apr 22 16:27 mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz

[[email protected] src]# tar zxf mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/   # 解压

[[email protected] src]# cd ..

[[email protected] local]# mv mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64/   mysql-5.5.55     # 改名

[[email protected] local]# ln -s mysql-5.5.55  mysql          # 做软连接

[[email protected] local]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M          # 建立系统用户

[[email protected] local]# mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --user=mysql             # 初始化数据库

[[email protected] local]# chown -R mysql:mysql  mysql-5.5.55       # 对目录授权

[[email protected] local]# vi /etc/my.cnf                      # 创建配置文件，测试用的

[client]
port=3306
socket= /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
user    = mysql
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
character-set-server = utf8
skip-character-set-client-handshake
init-connect = ‘SET NAMES utf8‘
open_files_limit=1024
back_log = 600
max_connections = 800
max_connect_errors = 3000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet =8M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 100
thread_concurrency = 2
query_cache_size = 2M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
thread_stack = 192K
tmp_table_size = 2M
max_heap_table_size = 2M
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
max_binlog_size = 2M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 16M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M
lower_case_table_names = 1
skip-name-resolve
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 16M
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M
innodb_log_file_size = 4M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 2M

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[[email protected] local]# cp mysql/bin/* sbin/    # 复制执行命令到 sbin 下

[[email protected] local]# cp mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  # 生成启动脚本

[[email protected] local]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start      # 直接启动服务

Starting MySQL...... SUCCESS! 

[[email protected] ~]# netstat -lntup                    # 查看服务

Active Internet connections (only servers)

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name   

tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      7853/mysqld 

[[email protected] ~]# lsof -i:3306

COMMAND  PID  USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

mysqld  7853 mysql   12u  IPv4  24118      0t0  TCP *:mysql (LISTEN)

[[email protected] local]# mysqladmin -u root password      # 给 root 密码，默认免密登录

Enter password: 

[[email protected] local]# mysql -uroot -p             # 交互式密码登录

Enter password: 

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 3

Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> show databases;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.13 sec)

mysql> drop database test;             # 删掉测试库

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user   | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | ::1            |

|         | localhost |

| root | localhost |

|         | sql-m      |

| root | sql-m      |

+------+-----------+

6 rows in set (0.11 sec)

mysql> drop user [email protected]‘::1‘;              # 把没用的用户删除

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)

mysql> drop user ‘‘@localhost;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user ‘‘@‘sql-m‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> drop user [email protected]‘sql-m‘;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;

+------+-----------+

| user | host      |

+------+-----------+

| root | 127.0.0.1 |

| root | localhost |

+------+-----------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

[[email protected] local]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 password    # 改密码

New password: 

Confirm new password:

测试忘记root密码重新找回：

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop       # 先停掉服务

Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! 

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &    # 忽略授权表方式启动服务

[1] 3685

170422 17:37:34 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘.

170422 17:37:34 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[[email protected] ~]# 170422 17:37:39 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables

奇怪居然失败了！看一下日志先。。。

[[email protected] ~]# tail /var/log/mysqld.log 

170422 17:39:41  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start

170422 17:39:42 InnoDB: 5.5.55 started; log sequence number 1595668

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Recovering after a crash using /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Starting crash recovery...

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Crash recovery finished.

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): ‘0.0.0.0‘; port: 3306

170422 17:39:42 [Note]   - ‘0.0.0.0‘ resolves to ‘0.0.0.0‘;

170422 17:39:42 [Note] Server socket created on IP: ‘0.0.0.0‘.

170422 17:39:42 [ERROR] /usr/local/sbin/mysqld: Can‘t create/write to file ‘/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid‘ (Errcode: 2)

170422 17:39:42 [ERROR] Can‘t start server: can‘t create PID file: No such file or directory

可以看到，无法创建 pid 文件，这肯定是没权限造成的。

/var/run/mysqld 这个路径是配置文件里配的：

[[email protected] ~]# tail -3 /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

   这里有点奇怪，用 /etc/init.d/mysqld 启动服务时它不会读取配置文件里配置的 pid 路径，而用 mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables & 忽略授权表方式启动服务却会读取配置文件里的 pid 路径。

不想动 /var/log/ 这个目录的权限，改配置文件

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid

[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &   # 再次执行

[1] 7109

170422 17:54:17 mysqld_safe Logging to ‘/var/log/mysqld.log‘.

170422 17:54:17 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /usr/local/mysql/data

[[email protected] ~]#                            # 这次可以了

[[email protected] ~]# mysql                 # 免密登录

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.55-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

mysql> update mysql.user set password=password(‘123‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;                               # 修改密码

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> flush privileges;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.19 sec)

突然想到 mysqld_safe 这个命令这么厉害，看一下它的权限：

[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe 

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 27100 Apr 22 16:39 /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe

吓一跳有没有，居然什么人都可以执行，太危险了！

马上改掉，两个地方都改掉：

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe 

[[email protected] ~]# chmod 700 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 

[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe             

-rwx------ 1 root root 27100 Apr 22 16:39 /usr/local/sbin/mysqld_safe

[[email protected] ~]# ll /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 

-rwx------ 1 mysql mysql 27100 Mar 18 13:14 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

以上二进制包简单安装完成。

本文出自 “从没想过放弃！” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://yuyicong.blog.51cto.com/11274530/1918544