MongoDB-备份和恢复
Posted
tags:
篇首语：本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理，主要介绍了MongoDB-备份和恢复相关的知识，希望对你有一定的参考价值。
MongoDB 备份(mongodump)与恢复(mongorestore)
MongoDB数据备份
在Mongodb中我们使用mongodump命令来备份MongoDB数据。该命令可以导出所有数据到指定目录中。
语法
mongodump命令脚本语法如下：
>mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory
-h： MongDB所在服务器地址，例如：127.0.0.1，当然也可以指定端口号：127.0.0.1:27017
-d：需要备份的数据库实例，例如：test
-o：备份的数据存放位置，例如：c:\data\dump，当然该目录需要提前建立，在备份完成后，系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录，这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。
>mongodump
执行以上命令后，客户端会连接到ip为 127.0.0.1 端口号为 27017 的MongoDB服务上，并备份所有数据到 bin/dump/ 目录中。
MongoDB数据恢复
mongodb使用 mongorestore 命令来恢复备份的数据。
语法
mongorestore命令脚本语法如下：
>mongorestore -h <hostname><:port> -d dbname <path>
-h <:port>： MongoDB所在服务器地址，默认为： localhost:27017
-d ： 需要恢复的数据库实例，例如：test，当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样，比如test2
--dir： 指定备份的目录
接下来我们执行以下命令:
>mongorestore
单collection备份
>mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory
-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例
-c: 需要恢复的集合
-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)
-o: 表示导出的文件名
单collection恢复
>mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file
-type: 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline: 批明不导入第一行，因为第一行是列名
-file: 指明要导入的文件路径
附：
1、mongodump说明
Export MongoDB data to BSON files.
Options:
--help produce help message
-v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)
--quiet silence all non error diagnostic messages
--version print the program‘s version and exit
-h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets)
--port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port
--ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)
-u [ --username ] arg username
-p [ --password ] arg password
--authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname)
--authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR) authentication mechanism
--gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating using GSSAPI/Kerberos
--gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication
--dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path
--directoryperdb each db is in a separate directory (relevant only if dbpath specified)
--journal enable journaling (relevant only if dbpath specified)
-d [ --db ] arg database to use
-c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)
-o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory or "-" for stdout
-q [ --query ] arg json query
--oplog Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting
--repair try to recover a crashed database
--forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)
--dumpDbUsersAndRoles Dump user and role definitions for the given database
2、mongorestore说明Import BSON files into MongoDB. usage: mongorestore [options] [directory or filename to restore from] Options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --quiet silence all non error diagnostic messages --version print the program‘s version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname) --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR) authentication mechanism --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating using GSSAPI/Kerberos --gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path--directoryperdb each db is in a separate directory (relevant only if dbpath specified) --journal enable journaling (relevant only if dbpath specified) -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) --objcheck validate object before inserting (default) --noobjcheck don‘t validate object before inserting --filter arg filter to apply before inserting --drop drop each collection before import --oplogReplay replay oplog for point-in-time restore --oplogLimit arg include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp (seconds[:ordinal]) during the oplog replay; the ordinal value is optional --keepIndexVersion don‘t upgrade indexes to newest version --noOptionsRestore don‘t restore collection options --noIndexRestore don‘t restore indexes --restoreDbUsersAndRoles Restore user and role definitions for the given database --w arg (=0) minimum number of replicas per write
3、mongoexport说明
Export MongoDB data to CSV, TSV or JSON files. Options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --quiet silence all non error diagnostic messages --version print the program‘s version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname) --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR) authentication mechanism --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating using GSSAPI/Kerberos --gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path--directoryperdb each db is in a separate directory (relevant only if dbpath specified) --journal enable journaling (relevant only if dbpath specified) -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with field names - 1 per line -q [ --query ] arg query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., ‘{x:{$gt:1}}‘ --csv export to csv instead of json -o [ --out ] arg output file; if not specified, stdout is used --jsonArray output to a json array rather than one object per line -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default true --forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot) --skip arg (=0) documents to skip, default 0 --limit arg (=0) limit the numbers of documents returned, default all --sort arg sort order, as a JSON string, e.g., ‘{x:1}‘
4、mongoimport说明
Import CSV, TSV or JSON data into MongoDB. When importing JSON documents, each document must be a separate line of the input file. Example: mongoimport --host myhost --db my_cms --collection docs < mydocfile.json Options: --help produce help message -v [ --verbose ] be more verbose (include multiple times for more verbosity e.g. -vvvvv) --quiet silence all non error diagnostic messages --version print the program‘s version and exit -h [ --host ] arg mongo host to connect to ( <set name>/s1,s2 for sets) --port arg server port. Can also use --host hostname:port --ipv6 enable IPv6 support (disabled by default) -u [ --username ] arg username -p [ --password ] arg password --authenticationDatabase arg user source (defaults to dbname) --authenticationMechanism arg (=MONGODB-CR) authentication mechanism --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb) Service name to use when authenticating using GSSAPI/Kerberos --gssapiHostName arg Remote host name to use for purpose of GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication --dbpath arg directly access mongod database files in the given path--directoryperdb each db is in a separate directory (relevant only if dbpath specified) --journal enable journaling (relevant only if dbpath specified) -d [ --db ] arg database to use -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands) -f [ --fields ] arg comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age --fieldFile arg file with field names - 1 per line --ignoreBlanks if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored --type arg type of file to import. default: json (json,csv,tsv) --file arg file to import from; if not specified stdin is used --drop drop collection first --headerline first line in input file is a header (CSV and TSV only) --upsert insert or update objects that already exist --upsertFields arg comma-separated fields for the query part of the upsert. You should make sure this is indexed --stopOnError stop importing at first error rather than continuing --jsonArray load a json array, not one item per line. Currently limited to 16MB.
以上是关于MongoDB-备份和恢复的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章