CentOS7安装使用MySQL

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From: http://www.cnblogs.com/edward2013/p/5313724.html

安装mysql

添加mysql源

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# rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-7.noarch.rpm

安装mysql

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# yum -y install mysql-community-server

启动mysql并设置为开机自启动服务

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# chkconfig mysqld on
# service mysqld start

检查mysql服务状态

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# service mysqld status

第一次启动mysql，会在日志文件中生成root用户的一个随机密码，使用下面命令查看该密码

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# grep \'temporary password\' /var/log/mysqld.log

修改root用户密码

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# mysql -u root -p -h localhost
Enter password:
 
mysql> ALTER USER \'root\'@\'localhost\' IDENTIFIED BY \'Mysql-2016\';

 创建数据库（数据库名为：crashcourse）

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mysql> create database crashcourse;

使用crashcourse数据库

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mysql> use crashcourse;

执行sql脚本（使用source命令）

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mysql> source /root/MySQLCrashCourse/create.sql;
mysql> source /root/MySQLCrashCourse/populate.sql;

查看可用数据库的列表

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mysql> show databases;

 查看当前数据库内可用表的列表

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mysql> show tables;

显示表列（表名：customers）

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mysql> show columns from customers;

 显示服务器错误或警告消息

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mysql> show errors;
mysql> show warnings;

检索数据

检索单个列

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mysql> select prod_name from products;

检索多个列

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mysql> select prod_id, prod_name, prod_price from products;

检索所有列（除非你确实需要表中的每个列，否则最好别使用*通配符，因为会降低应用程序的性能）

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mysql> select * from products;

检索不同的行（使用distinct关键字）

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mysql> select distinct vend_id from products;

限制结果

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返回不多于5行
mysql> select prod_name from products limit 5;
检索的开始行和行数
mysql> select prod_name from products limit 5,5;

使用完全限定的表名

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mysql> select products.prod_name from crashcourse.products;

排序检索数据

排序数据

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mysql> select prod_name from products order by prod_name;

按多个列排序

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mysql> select prod_id, prod_price, prod_name from products order by prod_price, prod_name;

指定排序方向（使用desc关键字，desc为倒序，默认是asc，正序）

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mysql> select prod_id, prod_price, prod_name from products order by prod_price desc;

使用order by和limit的组合

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mysql> select prod_price from products order by prod_price desc limit 1;

过滤数据

检索单个值

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mysql> select prod_name, prod_price from products where prod_name = \'fuses\';

不匹配检查

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mysql> select vend_id, prod_name from products where vend_id != 1003;

范围值检查

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mysql> select prod_name, prod_price from products where prod_price between 5 and 10;

空值检查

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_price is null;

数据过滤

and操作符

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mysql> select prod_id, prod_price, prod_name from products where vend_id = 1003 and prod_price <= 10;

or操作符

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mysql> select prod_name, prod_price from products where vend_id = 1003 or prod_id = 1003;

计算次序

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mysql> select prod_name, prod_price from products where (vend_id = 1002 or vend_id = 1003) and prod_price >= 10;

in操作符

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mysql> select prod_name, prod_price from products where vend_id in (1002,1003) order by prod_name;

not操作符

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mysql> select prod_name, prod_price from products where vend_id not in (1002,1003) order by prod_name;

用通配符进行过滤

百分号（%）通配符（匹配0,1或多个字符）

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mysql> select prod_id, prod_name from products where prod_name like \'jet%\';

下划线（_）通配符（匹配1个字符）

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mysql> select prod_id, prod_name from products where prod_name like \'_ ton anvil\';

用正则表达式进行搜索

基本字符匹配

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_name regexp \'.000\' order by prod_name;

进行or匹配

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_name regexp \'1000|2000\' order by prod_name;

匹配范围

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_name regexp \'[1-5] Ton\' order by prod_name;

匹配特殊字符（使用\\\\进行转义）

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mysql> select vend_name from vendors where vend_name regexp \'\\\\.\' order by vend_name;

匹配字符类

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_name regexp \'[[:digit:]]{4}\' order by prod_name;

匹配多个实例

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_name regexp \'\\\\([0-9] sticks?\\\\)\' order by prod_name;

定位符（^, $, [[:<:]], [[:>:]]）

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mysql> select prod_name from products where prod_name regexp \'^[0-9\\\\.]\' order by prod_name;

创建计算字段

拼接字段

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mysql> select concat(vend_name, \' (\', vend_country, \')\') from vendors order by vend_name;

使用别名

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mysql> select concat(rtrim(vend_name), \' (\', rtrim(vend_country), \')\') as vend_title from vendors order by vend_name;

执行算术计算

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mysql> select prod_id, quantity, item_price, quantity*item_price as expanded_price from orderitems where order_num = 20005;

使用数据处理函数

文本处理函数

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mysql> select vend_name, upper(vend_name) as vend_name_upcase from vendors order by vend_name;
mysql> select cust_name, cust_contact from customers where soundex(cust_contact) = soundex(\'Y Lie\');

日期和时间处理函数

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mysql> select cust_id, order_num from orders where date(order_date) between \'2005-09-01\' and \'2005-09-30\';
mysql> select cust_id, order_num from orders where year(order_date) = 2005 and month(order_date) = 9;

汇总数据

avg()函数

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mysql> select avg(prod_price) as avg_price from products;

count()函数

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mysql> select count(*) as num_cust from customers;

max()函数

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mysql> select max(prod_price) as max_price from products;

min()函数

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mysql> select min(prod_price) as min_price from products;

sum()函数

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mysql> select sum(quantity) as items_ordered from orderitems where order_num = 20005;
mysql> select sum(item_price*quantity) as total_price from orderitems where order_num = 20005;

聚合不同的值

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mysql> select avg(distinct prod_price) as avg_price from products where vend_id = 1003;

组合聚集函数

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mysql> select count(*) as num_items, min(prod_price) as price_min, max(prod_price) as price_max, avg(prod_price) as price_avg from products;

 分组数据

创建分组

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mysql> select vend_id, count(*) as num_prods from products group by vend_id;

过滤分组（使用having关键字）

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mysql> select cust_id, count(*) as orders from orders group by cust_id having count(*) >= 2;
mysql> select vend_id, count(*) as num_prods from products where prod_price >= 10 group by vend_id having count(*) >= 2;

分组和排序

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mysql> select order_num, sum(quantity*item_price) as ordertotal
    from orderitems
    group by order_num
    having sum(quantity*item_price) >= 50
    order by ordertotal;

使用子查询

利用子查询进行过滤

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mysql> select cust_name, cust_contact
    from customers
    where cust_id in (select cust_id
     from orders
     where order_num in (select order_num
     from orderitems
     where prod_id = \'TNT2\'));

作为计算字段使用子查询

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mysql> select cust_name, cust_state,
                (select count(*)
                from orders
                where orders.cust_id = customers.cust_id) as orders
            from customers
            order by cust_name;

联结表

创建联结

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mysql> select vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
            from vendors, products
            where vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id
            order by vend_name, prod_name;

内部联结

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mysql> select vend_name, prod_name, prod_price
            from vendors inner join products
            on vendors.vend_id = products.vend_id;

联结多个表

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mysql> select cust_name, cust_contact
            from customers, orders, orderitems
            where customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id
            and orderitems.order_num = orders.order_num
            and prod_id = \'TNT2\';

创建高级联结

使用别名

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mysql> select cust_name, cust_contact
            from customers as c, orders as o, orderitems as oi
            where c.cust_id = o.cust_id
            and oi.order_num = o.order_num
            and prod_id = \'TNT2\';

自然联结

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mysql> select c.*, o.order_num, o.order_date, oi.prod_id, oi.quantity, oi.item_price
            from customer as c, orders as o, orderitems as oi
            where c.cust_id = o.cust_id
            and oi.order_num = o.order_num
            and prod_id = \'FB\';

外部联结

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mysql> select customers.cust_id, orders.order_num
            from customers left join orders
            on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id;

使用带聚集函数的联结

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mysql> select customers.cust_name, customers.cust_id,
                count(orders.order_num) as num_ord
            from customers inner join orders
            on customers.cust_id = orders.cust_id
            group by customers.cust_id;

组合查询

使用union

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mysql> select vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
            from products
            where prod_price <= 5
            union
            select vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
            from products
            where vend_id in (1001,1002);

包含重复的行（使用union all命令）

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mysql> select vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
            from products
            where prod_peice <= 5
            union all
            select vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
            from products
            where vend_id in (1001,1002);

对组合查询结果排序

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mysql> select vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
            from products
            where prod_price <=5
            union
            select vend_id, prod_id, prod_price
            from products
            where vend_id in (1001,1002)
            order by vend_id, prod_price;

全文搜索

仅在MyISAM数据库引擎中支持全文搜索，一般在创建表时启用全文搜索

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CREATE TABLE productnotes
(
    note_id      int          NOT NULL  AUTO_INCREMENT,
    prod_id      char(10)       NOT NULL,
    note_date  datetime      NOT NULL,
    note_text   text             NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY(note_id),
    FULLTEXT(note_text)
) ENGINE=MyISAM;

进行全文本搜索

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mysql> select note_text
            from productnotes
            where match(note_text) against(\'rabbit\');

使用查询扩展

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mysql> select note_text
            from productnotes
            where match(note_text) against(\'anvils\' with query expansion);
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