Handling App Links

Posted 楠来风

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参考https://developer.android.com/about/versions/marshmallow/android-6.0.html 
参考https://developer.android.com/training/app-links/index.html

当我们在应用中点击一个链接,通常会提示我们选择合适的浏览器或者app去打开它。 
android6.0开始,你可以让你的app作为对给定类型链接的默认处理者。当然,如果用户不想你的app作为默认处理者,他们可以在设置中修改。

自动处理链接需要app开发者和网页所有者的共同协作。app开发者需要通过配置来声明处理哪些链接,同时需要系统验证这些链接。网站所有者需要发布一个Digital Asset Links文件来提供验证。Handling App Links通常的步骤包括: 
1、app开发者:在app的manifest文件中,创建包括网站uri的intent filter。 
2、app开发者:配置app,请求验证app links。 
3、网站所有者:在网站上发布一个Digital Asset Links JSON文件,用于提供验证。

一、Understand URI Request Handling

android6.0提供的app links特点,能够让你的app作为特定网站uri的默认处理者,即使用户从没有设置过默认的处理者。 
当用户点击一个链接,或者程序启动一个网页uri意图,Android系统按照以下顺序决定如何处理它们: 
1、用户设置了此链接处理者:如果用户设置了哪个app处理,系统把网页的uri传递给此app。用户设置有两种方式: 
-在曾经点击此链接弹出的app选择对话框中勾选了“总是”’; 
-在设置-应用-应用链接中选择一个app,设置这个app的“app links”属性为打开这个app。 
2、用户没有设置此链接处理者,并且有一个支持处理此链接的app:系统自动传递网页uri给这个app。 
3、用户没有设置此链接处理者,并且有多个支持处理此链接的app:系统会显示一个app选择对话框,提示用户选择最合适的app。

二、Create an Intent Handler for URIs

App links基于Intent框架,它允许app去处理来自系统或其它app的请求。 
多个app可以在intent filter中声明一样的uri模式,当用户点击一个链接并且没有设置默认的处理者时,系统会弹出app选择对话框让用户去选择。 
想要让你的app处理链接,需要在manifest文件中使用intent filter来声明app需要处理的uri模式。下面的例子,声明了一个intent filter能够处理http://www.android.comhttps://www.android.com

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span> …></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span>></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.action.VIEW"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"https"</span> /></span>
        <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:host</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"www.android.com"</span> /></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span>></span>
<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li></ul>

请看上面这个例子,处理链接的intent filter中必须声明android:scheme的值为“http”、“https”或者两者,并且不能声明其它的schemes。intent filter必须声明name为android.intent.action.VIEW的action和name为android.intent.category.BROWSABLE的category。 
这个manifest中的intent filter声明就让你的app和网站建立了联系,为了让系统使用你的app作为你声明的uri的默认处理者,你需要请求系统验证这种联系。请看下一节如何实现这种验证。

除了使用intent filter声明你的app和网站之间的联系,你的manifest文件还需要额外声明:请求自动验证。 
当这个声明之后,在你的app安装后,android系统会尝试验证你的app。如果验证成功,并且用户没有设置处理你声明的uri的app,系统自动传递这些uri请求给你的app。 
系统通过对比你声明的intent filter中data元素的host name和每个网站的Digital Asset Links files (assetlinks.json)来进行验证。为了触发系统进行验证,请确保intent filter中包括android.intent.action.VIEW intent action和android.intent.category.BROWSABLE intent category。

3.1、Enabling automatic verification

为了触发系统自动验证,需要设置intent filter的android:autoVerify为true,请看下面的例子

<code class="hljs r has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><activity <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">...</span>>
    <intent-filter android:autoVerify=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"true"</span>>
        <action android:name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android.intent.action.VIEW"</span> />
        <category android:name=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"</span> />
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        <data android:scheme=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"http"</span> android:host=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"www.android.com"</span> />
        <data android:scheme=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"https"</span> android:host=<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"www.android.com"</span> />
    </intent-filter>
</activity></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

当android:autoVerify设置为true后,android系统会自你的app安装后进行验证,验证所有声明的uri和对应的网站。如果你声明的所有uri都验证成功,系统会把你的app作为这些uri的默认处理者。

3.2、Supporting app linking for multiple hosts

系统会验证intent filter中声明的每个host和每个网站中的Digital Asset Links,如果任何一组验证失败,你的app都不会作为任何一个你声明的uri的默认处理者。请看下面的例子,如果在https://www.domain1.com/.well-known/assetlinks.json和and https://www.domain2.com/.well-known/assetlinks.json都没有找到assetlinks.json文件,那么就验证失败。

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application</span>></span>

  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">”MainActivity”</span>></span>
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      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:host</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"www.domain1.com"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"https"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:host</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"www.domain1.com"</span> /></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span>></span>

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    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span>></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.action.VIEW"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"https"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:host</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"www.domain2.com"</span> /></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span>></span>

<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li></ul>

3.3、Supporting app linking for multiple subdomains

Digital Asset Links协议把subdomains看作是唯一的、单独的host。如果你的intent filter包括www.example.com和mobile.example.com,你必须为每个subdomain提供一份单独的assetlink.json。请看下面的例子,只有网站所有者在https://www.example.com/.well-known/assetlinks.jsonhehttps://mobile.example.com/.well-known/assetlinks.json都提供了合法的assetlinks.json文件,验证才能通过。json文件必须通过加密的HTTPS连接获取,请看下一节。

<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application</span>></span>

  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">”MainActivity”</span>></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:autoVerify</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"true"</span>></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">action</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.action.VIEW"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.category.DEFAULT"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">category</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:name</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"http"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:host</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"www.example.com"</span> /></span>
      <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">data</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:scheme</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"https"</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">android:host</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"mobile.example.com"</span> /></span>
    <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">intent-filter</span>></span>
  <span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">activity</span>></span>

<span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">application</span>></span></code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li></ul>

四、Declare Website Associations

要使得验证成功,网站所有者必须声明和app的联系。网站所有者通过持有一个名为assetlinks.json的Digital Asset Links JSON文件来声明与一个app的联系,它在domain的well-known位置:https://domain[:optional_port]/.well-known/assetlinks.json

注意:系统通过加密的HTTPS协议来验证json文件,所以不管intent filter中是否声明了https,请确保json文件能够通过HTTPS连接来获取。

Digital Asset Links JSON文件声明了与此网站关联的app,下面的示例assetlinks.json文件允许包名为com.example的app打开链接:

<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">relation</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"delegate_permission/common.handle_all_urls"</span>]</span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">target</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android_app"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">package_name</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"com.example"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">sha256_cert_fingerprints</span>":
    <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"14:6D:E9:83:C5:73:06:50:D8:EE:B9:95:2F:34:FC:64:16:A0:83:42:E6:1D:BE:A8:8A:04:96:B2:3F:CF:44:E5"</span>]
  </span>
</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li></ul>

json文件使用package_name和sha256_cert_fingerprints来标示一个app。

<code class="hljs lua has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">package_name:为app的包名;
sha256_cert_fingerprints:是app签名证书的SHA256 fingerprints,它支持多个fingerprints,用于支持你的app的多个版本(<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">debug</span>、release)。</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li></ul>

你可以使用Java的keytool命令来获取fingerprints:$ keytool -list -v -keystore my-release-key.keystore。

4.1、Associating a website with multiple apps

一个网站可以使用一份assetlinks.json文件来声明与多个app的联系。下面的文件位于https://www.example.com/.well-known/assetlinks.json,它单独声明了与两个app的联系:

<code class="hljs json has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;">[
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">relation</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"delegate_permission/common.handle_all_urls"</span>]</span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">target</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android_app"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">package_name</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"example.com.puppies.app"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">sha256_cert_fingerprints</span>":
    <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"14:6D:E9:83:C5:73:06:50:D8:EE:B9:95:2F:34:FC:64:16:A0:83:42:E6:1D:BE:A8:8A:04:96:B2:3F:CF:44:E5"</span>]
  </span>
  </span>,
  
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">relation</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"delegate_permission/common.handle_all_urls"</span>]</span>,
  "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">target</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">namespace</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"android_app"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">package_name</span>": <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"example.com.monkeys.app"</span></span>,
    "<span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box;">sha256_cert_fingerprints</span>":
    <span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"14:6D:E9:83:C5:73:06:50:D8:EE:B9:95:2F:34:FC:64:16:A0:83:42:E6:1D:BE:A8:8A:04:96:B2:3F:CF:44:E5"</span>]
  </span>
</span>]</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; opacity: 0.0283205; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li></ul><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;"&g

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