Python数据可视化图像库MatPlotLib基本图像操作

Posted 2022-12-10 birdlove1987

什么是MatPlotLib？

    Matplotlib is a Python 2D plotting library which produces publication quality figures in a variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. 

简单来说就是数据可视化工具。

下面介绍一下MatPlotLib的基本图形画法：

1.散点图：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

height=[161,170,182,175,173,165]
weight=[50,58,80,70,69,55]

plt.scatter(height,weight,s=200)#散点图绘制函数

plt.show()

2.折线图：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates

x=np.linspace(-10,10,6)
y=x**2
plt.plot(x,y) #plot函数本身就是绘线函数
plt.show()

3.条线图：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N=5

y=[20,10,30,25,15]

index = np.arange(N)

p1 = plt.bar(left=index, height=y,width=0.5,bottom=100,color='red') #绘制条形图函数

plt.show()

4.直方图：

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

mu = 100  # 均值
sigma = 20  # 方差
x = mu + sigma * np.random.randn(2000)

plt.hist(x, bins=100,color='red',normed=True)#绘制直方图函数

plt.show()

5.饼状图

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from matplotlib.gridspec import GridSpec

labels = 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D'
fracs = [15, 30, 45, 10]

explode = (0, 0.05, 0, 0) #设置其中第二块与主饼分开0.05

plt.axes(aspect=1) #使饼状图为正圆

plt.pie(fracs, explode=explode, labels=labels, autopct='%.0f%%', shadow=True) #绘制饼图函数

plt.show()

6. 箱型图

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

data = np.random.normal(size=(100, 4), loc=0.0, scale=1.5) #产生四组数据

labels = ['A','B','C','D']

plt.boxplot(data, labels=labels, sym='o') #箱型图绘制函数

plt.show()

感觉比matlab的绘图功能强大不少啊！(我对matlab知之甚少，大牛不要怼我啊！)