Spring整合Hibernate实现JPA持久化
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Spring整合Hibernate实现JPA持久化
本篇文章主要介绍Spring如何集成JPA的功能，并实现基本的CURD操作。JPA，全称为JavaPersistence API，诞生与EJB2实体Bean之上，是一种新的Java持久化标准，也是基于POJO的持久化机制，它的设计灵感来源于Hibernate和Java数据对象（JDO）。
l Maven管理软包依赖
l 配置实体管理器工厂
l 用JPA方式实现CURD
一、Maven管理软包依赖
这里采用Maven来集成和管理Spring、Hibernate及其它相关的软件包依赖，好处就不多说了。需要注意的是Spring和Hibernate的版本选择必须兼容，否则就会出现各种问题（笔者可是吃过亏的哦），具体各个版本的对应关系，请看下面的pom.xml配置：
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.tomcat.version>8.0.0-RC5</project.tomcat.version>
<spring.version>4.3.0.RELEASE</spring.version>
<hibernate.version>5.2.2.Final</hibernate.version>
<mysql.connector.version>5.1.30</mysql.connector.version>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<javax.servlet-api.version>3.1.0</javax.servlet-api.version>
<javax.servlet.jsp.version>2.3.1</javax.servlet.jsp.version>
<slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version>
<jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>$junit.version</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- Logger -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>$slf4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
<version>$slf4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>$slf4j.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
<version>$spring.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Servlet+JSP+jstl-->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>$javax.servlet-api.version</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>$javax.servlet.jsp.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>$jstl.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Hibernate -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
<version>$hibernate.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
<version>$hibernate.version</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
<artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
<version>$hibernate.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Mysql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>$mysql.connector.version</version>
</dependency>
<!-- apache commons -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>20030825.184428</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>20030825.183949</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>2.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
二、配置实体管理器工厂
我们知道，基于JPA的应用程序需要使用EntityManagerFactory的实现来获取EntityManager实例，目前JPA定义了两种类型的实体管理器，它们分别是：应用程序管理类型和容器管理类型。对于前者，程序需要负责打开和关闭实体管理器，并要在事务中对其进行控制，此种方式的实体管理器适合于非运行在Java EE容器中的独立应用程序；而后者，应用程序不需要与实体管理器工厂交互，而是交由容器与其进行交互，实体管理器可直接注入或JNDI来获取，此种类型的实体管理器适合于Java EE容器，所以这里介绍后者。
1、声明实体管理器工厂
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory()
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emf =new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
emf.setDataSource(dataSource());
emf.setJpaVendorAdapter(hibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
emf.setPackagesToScan("com.cwteam.orm.model"); // 替代persistences.xml,对该路径下的@Entity扫描初始化
Map<String,String> jpsMaps =new HashMap<String,String>(); // 实体管理器参数的配置
jpsMaps.put("hibernate.show_sql","true");
jpsMaps.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto","update");
jpsMaps.put("hibernate.dialect","org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect");
emf.setJpaPropertyMap(jpsMaps);
returnemf;
这里设置了数据源dataSource和指定了选用哪种类型实现的JPA，这里选用了HibernateJpaVendorAdapter适配器，并且使用setPackagesToScan来自动初始化扫描模型Entity实体类，替代了传统的persistences.xml类似的作用。
dataSource配置：
@Bean
public BasicDataSource dataSource()
BasicDataSource dataSource =new BasicDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword(null);
dataSource.setDefaultAutoCommit(false);
returndataSource;
hibernateJpaVendorAdaptor配置：
@Bean
public JpaVendorAdapter hibernateJpaVendorAdapter()
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter jpaVA =new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
jpaVA.setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"); // MySQL平台指定
returnjpaVA;
完整的Spring上下文配置如下：
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.cwteam.orm.*")
@EnableTransactionManagement // 开启事务及对注解@Transactional的支持
public class SpringConfig
// 实体管理工厂配置
@Bean
public LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactory()
LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean emf =new LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean();
emf.setDataSource(dataSource());
emf.setJpaVendorAdapter(hibernateJpaVendorAdapter());
emf.setPackagesToScan("com.cwteam.orm.model"); // 替代persistences.xml,对该路径下的@Entity扫描初始化
Map<String,String>jpsMaps =new HashMap<String,String>(); // 实体管理器参数的配置
jpsMaps.put("hibernate.show_sql","true");
jpsMaps.put("hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto","update");
jpsMaps.put("hibernate.dialect","org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect");
emf.setJpaPropertyMap(jpsMaps);
returnemf;
// JPA的实体适配器
@Bean
public JpaVendorAdapter hibernateJpaVendorAdapter()
HibernateJpaVendorAdapter jpaVA =new HibernateJpaVendorAdapter();
jpaVA.setDatabasePlatform("org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect"); // MySQL平台指定
returnjpaVA;
// 数据源的配置
@Bean
public BasicDataSource dataSource()
BasicDataSource dataSource =new BasicDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8");
dataSource.setUsername("root");
dataSource.setPassword(null);
dataSource.setDefaultAutoCommit(false);
returndataSource;
// Spring Data JPA事务配置
@Bean
public JpaTransactionManager transactionManager()
JpaTransactionManager jpaTm =new JpaTransactionManager();
jpaTm.setEntityManagerFactory(entityManagerFactory().getObject());
returnjpaTm;
2、Model
User.java:
@Entity
@Table(name = "user")
public class User
private Stringid;
private Stringusername;
private Stringpassword;
private Stringmobile;
private Stringemail;
@Id
@GeneratedValue(generator="system-uuid")
@GenericGenerator(name="system-uuid",strategy="uuid")
public String getId()
return id;
.....
3、Dao
UserDao.java：
public interface UserDao
// 新增记录
void save(Useruser);
// 修改记录
void update(Useruser);
// 根据用户名查询
User findUserByID(User user);
// 查询所有记录
List<User> findUsersNoPage();
// 删除一条记录
void delete(Useruser);
UserDaoImpl.java：
@Repository("UserDaoImpl")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao
@PersistenceContext
private EntityManagerem;
@Override
public void save(User user)
em.persist(user);
@Override
public void update(User user)
em.persist(em.merge(user));
@Override
public User findUserByID(Useruser)
returnem.find(User.class,user.getId());
@Override
public List<User> findUsersNoPage()
String queryString = "select * from user";
Query query = em.createNativeQuery(queryString,User.class);
List<?> result = query.getResultList();
List<User> users = new ArrayList<User>();
if (result !=null)
Iterator<?> iterator =result.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext())
User user = (User)iterator.next();
users.add(user);
returnusers;
@Override
public void delete(User user)
em.remove(em.merge(user));
这里的@Repository注解，是Spring支持的初始化标记注解，容器初始化扫描时，会自动扫描到该标记的Dao服务实体，进而初始化。另外，这里使用的persist、find、remove及merge等均是EntityManager提供的原生API，这里不做详细介绍，有兴趣的读者可自行查阅资料学习。
4、Service
UserService.java:
@Service("UserService")
public class UserService
@Autowired
private UserDaouserDao;
// 新增记录
@Transactional
public void saveUser(User user)
userDao.save(user);
// 更新记录
@Transactional
public void updateUser(User user)
User result = findUserByID(user);
result.setUsername(user.getUsername());
result.setPassword(user.getPassword());
result.setEmail(user.getEmail());
result.setMobile(user.getMobile());
// 根据用户名查询记录
public User findUserByID(Useruser)
returnuserDao.findUserByID(user);
// 查询所有记录
public List<User> findUsersNoPage()
returnuserDao.findUsersNoPage();
// 根据用户名删除记录
@Transactional
public void delete(User user)
userDao.delete(user);
这里的@Service与上面的@Respository类似，暂且不做细节上差别说明。
三、用JPA方式实现CURD
上面的准备工作完成后，接下来我们就可以编写CURD的程序代码了。
1、控制器
UserController.java:
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController
@Autowired
UserServiceuserService;
// 操作页面
@RequestMapping(value="/show",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView show()throws Exception
// 业务逻辑处理
List<User> result = userService.findUsersNoPage();
// 页面数据渲染
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("test/user_operation");
mav.addObject("result",result);
returnmav;
// 新增记录
@RequestMapping(value="/save",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView save(HttpServletRequestrequest) throws Exception
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(request.getParameter("username"));
user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));
user.setMobile(request.getParameter("mobile"));
user.setEmail(request.getParameter("email"));
// 业务逻辑处理
userService.saveUser(user);
// 页面数据渲染
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("test/user_operation");
mav.addObject("result",userService.findUsersNoPage());
returnmav;
// 更新记录
@RequestMapping(value="/update",method=RequestMethod.POST)
public ModelAndView update(HttpServletRequestrequest) throws Exception
User user = new User();
user.setId(request.getParameter("id"));
user.setUsername(request.getParameter("username"));
user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));
user.setMobile(request.getParameter("mobile"));
user.setEmail(request.getParameter("email"));
// 业务逻辑处理
userService.updateUser(user);
// 页面数据渲染
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("test/user_operation");
mav.addObject("result",userService.findUsersNoPage());
returnmav;
// 根据ID查询
@RequestMapping(value="/find",method=RequestMethod.GET)
public ModelAndView find(HttpServletRequestrequest) throws Exception
User user = new User();
user.setId(request.getParameter("id"));
// 业务逻辑处理
Useruser2 = userService.findUserByID(user);
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