ReentrantLock加锁及解锁过程之源码分析

Posted 2022-12-09 八阿哥克星

一、ReentrantLock锁lock() 流程

首先不论公平锁还是非公平锁，都会调用下面的(非公平锁显示用cas尝试获取锁，获取不到才进入下面的acquire())

公平锁和非公平锁（在没有指定的情况下，默认是非公平）有不同的tryAcquire方法实现，公平锁是在tryAcquire方法中先对锁状态做判断，是否为0，为0则表示当前没有线程持有锁，可获取，这里，公平锁会进行hasQueuedPredecessors，判断在阻塞队列里是否有线程，并且判断是不是当前线程,若有且并不是当前线程直接返回false;如果锁状态不为0的情况下，判断当前线程是不是exclusiveOwnerThread，是则代表当前要获取锁的线程和正在持有锁的线程为同一线程，基于可重入的原则，获取锁成功，锁状态加一，若不是，则直接返回false;

//公平锁的tryAcquire
protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) 
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) 
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires))  //用cas方式获取锁
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);   //获取锁成功，将exclusiveOwnerThread                                                                            
                                                        //设为当前线程
                    return true;
                
            
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) 
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            
            return false;
        

public final boolean hasQueuedPredecessors() 
        Node t = tail; // Read fields in reverse initialization order
        Node h = head;
        Node s;
        return h != t &&
            ((s = h.next) == null || s.thread != Thread.currentThread());
    

若是非公平锁，则没有此步骤，判断当前锁状态是否为0，是0直接cas尝试获取锁，其他过程与公平锁并无二致；

如果经过上述过程没有获取到锁，就会将当前线程放到阻塞队列中并阻塞该线程，即执行acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg)方法；
(addWaiter是创建node节点对象，并将其放到阻塞队列（双向列表）的尾部，acquireQueued是有一个死循环，在此循环中
经过判断shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node)是否需要阻塞，是，则阻塞，否，继续进行循环，阻塞后的线程等待唤醒，唤醒后继续执行循环，
尝试获取锁，如此往复：

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) 
        boolean failed = true;
        try 
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) 
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg))  //判断当前节点是否为头节点的next节点，是 
                                                    //尝试获取锁；
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;
                
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            
         finally 
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        
    

二、ReentrantLock锁unlock() 流程

释放锁时，首先调用tryRelease，对锁状态减一，为0时，则返回true，并将exclusiveOwnerThread置为null，表示当前所可以获取，没被线程持有

protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases)  //releases值为1
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) 
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            
            setState(c);
            return free;
        

tryRelease返回true后 ，调用unparkSuccessor，唤醒头部节点的next节点对应线程，该线程继续执行上述acquireQueued中代码；

三、condition的await()与signal()方法

condition.await()方法，是指对持有锁的线程进去等待状态，加入到等待队列（单向链表），并且释放锁
 

public final void await() throws InterruptedException 
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            Node node = addConditionWaiter(); //将当前线程封装成Node节点，放到等待队列中
            long savedState = fullyRelease(node); //释放锁
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) 
                LockSupport.park(this); //将当前线程置为阻塞状态
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
            
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
        

fullyRelease方法中调用了上面的releas方法，释放锁，并且唤醒阻塞队列的头节点的next节点对应线程；
 

final long fullyRelease(Node node) 
        boolean failed = true;
        try 
            long savedState = getState();
            if (release(savedState)) 
                failed = false;
                return savedState;
             else 
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            
         finally 
            if (failed)
                node.waitStatus = Node.CANCELLED;
        
    

condition.signal()方法，调用了doSignal方法中的transferForSignal，将等待队列的最早进入的线程对应的Node加入到阻塞队列，并判断Node中的waitStatus状态，满足（waitStatus> 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL），会用LockSupport.unpark(node.thread)将此线程唤醒。

 private void doSignal(Node first) 
            do 
                if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null)
                    lastWaiter = null;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
             while (!transferForSignal(first) &&
                     (first = firstWaiter) != null);
        

final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) 
       
        if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
            return false;

       
        Node p = enq(node);
        int ws = p.waitStatus;
        if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))
            LockSupport.unpark(node.thread);
        return true;