如何生成SSH key及访问Github

Posted 2022-12-08 阿奇XS

一、检查SSH key是否存在

在终端输入：

ls -al ~/.ssh

如果没有，终端显示如下：

No such file or directory

如果已经存在，则会显示id_rsa和id_rsa.pub

二、生成新的SSH key

在终端输入：

ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "[e-mail]"

其中[e-mail]为你在Github注册时的邮箱

成功后终端显示如下：

Generating public/private rsa key pair.

Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/xxx/.ssh/id_rsa):

提示你保存.ssh/id_rsa的路径，这里直接enter

Created directory '/Users/xxx/.ssh'.

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):

提示输入passphrase，每次与Github通信都会要求输入passphrase，以避免某些“失误”，建议输入

成功后终端显示：

Your identification has been saved in /Users/xxx/.ssh/id_rsa.

Your public key has been saved in /Users/xxx/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.

The key fingerprint is:

16:27:ac:a5:76:28:2d:36:63:1b:56:4d:eb:df:a6:48 [e-mail]

The key's randomart image is:（后面图形省略）

三、添加key到SSH

输入命令：

ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_rsa

此时会要求输入passphrase，输入步骤二中填的passphrase

成功后，终端显示：

Identity added: /Users/xxx/.ssh/id_rsa (/Users/xxx/.ssh/id_rsa)

最后，在/Users/xxx/.ssh/生成两个文件，id_rsa和id_rsa.pub

此时，SSH key已经生成成功

四、添加SSH key到Github

1.复制id_rsa.pub中的所有内容

打开id_rsa.pub，终端命令：

vim ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

手动复制以ssh-rsa到以[e-mail]结尾的所有内容

或者直接输入命令复制id_rsa.pub中的所有内容，终端命令：

pbcopy < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

2.登录Github

打开个人Settings-->SSH keys-->Add SSH key

Title 随便写

Key 粘贴之前复制的内容

这样SSH key就添加的Github

五、检测SSH key

输入命令：

ssh [e-mail]

此时会验证SSH key是否可以访问Gitbub

成功显示如下：

Hi your_name! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

Connection to github.com closed.