算法简述——JavaScript
Posted zealifree005
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入门级算法-线性查找-时间复杂度O(n)–相当于算法界中的HelloWorld
//线性搜索(入门HelloWorld)
//A为数组，x为要搜索的值
<code class="hljs matlab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">linearSearch</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(A, x)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (var <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> < <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A.</span><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span>++) <span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
if (A[i] == x)
return i;
</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li></ul>
二分查找(又称折半查找) - 适用于已排好序的线性结构 - 时间复杂度O(logN)
//二分搜索
//A为已按”升序排列”的数组，x为要查询的元素
//返回目标元素的下标
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">binarySearch</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(A, x)</span> </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> low = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, high = A.length - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (low <= high) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> mid = <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Math</span>.floor((low + high) / <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">2</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//下取整 </span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (x == A[mid]) <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> mid; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (x < A[mid]) high = mid - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">else</span> low = mid + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> -<span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; </code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li></ul>
冒泡排序 – 时间复杂度O(n^2)
//冒泡排序
<code class="hljs javascript has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">bubbleSort</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i < A.length; i++)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> sorted = <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//注意：内循环是倒着来的</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> j = A.length - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; j > i; j--)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (A[j] < A[j - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>])
swap(A, j, j - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
sorted = <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (sorted)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span>;
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li></ul>
选择排序 – 时间复杂度O(n^2)
//选择排序
//思路：找到最小值的下标记下来，再交换
<code class="hljs matlab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">selectionSort</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (var <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> < <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A.</span><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span> - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span>++) <span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
var k = i;
for (var j = i + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; j < A.length; j++)
if (A[j] < A[k])
k = j;
</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (k != <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span>) <span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
var t = A[k];
A[k] = A[i];
A[i] = t;
println(A);
</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> A;
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">26</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">27</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">28</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">29</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">30</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">31</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">32</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">33</li></ul>
插入排序 – 时间复杂度O(n^2)
//插入排序
//假定当前元素之前的元素已经排好序，先把自己的位置空出来，
//然后前面比自己大的元素依次向后移，直到空出一个”坑”，
//然后把目标元素插入”坑”中
<code class="hljs matlab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">insertSort</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(A)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (var <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> < <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">A.</span><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span>; <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span>++) <span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
var x = A[i];
for (var j = i - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; j >= <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span> && A[j] > x; j--)
A[j + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>] = A[j];
</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (A<span class="hljs-matrix" style="box-sizing: border-box;">[j + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>]</span> != x) <span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
A[j + <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>] = x;
println(A);
</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> A;
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">24</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">25</li></ul>
字符串反转 – 时间复杂度O(logN)
//字符串反转(比如：ABC -> CBA)
<code class="hljs matlab has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">inverse</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(s)</span> </span>
var arr = <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">s.</span>split(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">''</span>);
var <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>, <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">j</span> = <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">arr.</span><span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">length</span> - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (<span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">i</span> < <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">j</span>) <span class="hljs-cell" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
var t = arr[i];
arr[i] = arr[j];
arr[j] = t;
i++;
j--;
</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-transposed_variable" style="box-sizing: border-box;">arr.</span>join(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">''</span>);
</code><ul class="pre-numbering" style="box-sizing: border-box; position: absolute; width: 50px; top: 0px; left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 6px 0px 40px; border-right-width: 1px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(221, 221, 221); list-style: none; text-align: right; background-color: rgb(238, 238, 238);"><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">1</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">2</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">3</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">4</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">5</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">6</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">7</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">8</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">9</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">10</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">11</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">12</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">13</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">14</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">15</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">16</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">17</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">18</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">19</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">20</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">21</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">22</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box; padding: 0px 5px;">23</li></ul>
关于稳定性排序的一个结论：
基于比较的简单排序算法，即时间复杂度为O(N^2)的排序算法，通常可认为均是稳定排序
其它先进的排序算法，比如归并排序、堆排序、桶排序之类（通常这类算法的时间复杂度可优化为n*LogN），通常可认为均是不稳定排序
单链表实现
<code class="hljs xml has-numbering" style="display: block; padding: 0px; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; white-space: pre; border-radius: 0px; word-wrap: normal; background: transparent;"><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"><<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span> <span class="hljs-attribute" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(102, 0, 102);">type</span>=<span class="hljs-value" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">"text/javascript"</span>></span><span class="javascript" style="box-sizing: border-box;">
<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">print</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(msg)</span> </span>
document.write(msg);
<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">println</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(msg)</span> </span>
print(msg + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">"<br/>"</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//节点类</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> Node = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(v)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.data = v; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//节点值</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.next = <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>; <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//后继节点</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单链表</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> SingleLink = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.head = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Node(<span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>); <span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//约定头节点仅占位，不存值</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//插入节点</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.insert = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(v)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> p = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.head;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)
p = p.next;
p.next = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> Node(v);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//删除指定位置的节点</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.removeAt = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(n)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (n <= <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> preNode = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.getNodeByIndex(n - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>);
preNode.next = preNode.next.next;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//取第N个位置的节点(约定头节点为第0个位置)</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//N大于链表元素个数时，返回最后一个元素</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.getNodeByIndex = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(n)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> p = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.head;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> i = <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span> && i < n)
p = p.next;
i++;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> p;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//查询值为V的节点，</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//如果链表中有多个相同值的节点，</span>
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//返回第一个找到的</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.getNodeByValue = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(v)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> p = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.head;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)
p = p.next;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (p.data == v)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> p;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//打印输出所有节点</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.print = <span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">()</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> p = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">this</span>.head;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)
p = p.next;
print(p.data + <span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">" "</span>);
println(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">""</span>);
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//测试单链表L中是否有重复元素</span>
<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">hasSameValueNode</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(singleLink)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> i = singleLink.head;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (i.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)
i = i.next;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> j = i;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (j.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)
j = j.next;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">if</span> (i.data == j.data)
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">true</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">false</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//单链表元素反转</span>
<span class="hljs-function" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">function</span> <span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box;">reverseSingleLink</span><span class="hljs-params" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">(singleLink)</span> </span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> arr = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> <span class="hljs-built_in" style="color: rgb(102, 0, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">Array</span>();
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> p = singleLink.head;
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//先跑一遍，把所有节点放入数组</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">while</span> (p.next != <span class="hljs-literal" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">null</span>)
p = p.next;
arr.push(p.data);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> newLink = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> SingleLink();
<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//再从后向前遍历数组,加入新链表</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">for</span> (<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> i = arr.length - <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">1</span>; i >= <span class="hljs-number" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;">0</span>; i--)
newLink.insert(arr[i]);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">return</span> newLink;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> linkTest = <span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">new</span> SingleLink();
linkTest.insert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'A'</span>);
linkTest.insert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'B'</span>);
linkTest.insert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'C'</span>);
linkTest.insert(<span class="hljs-string" style="color: rgb(0, 136, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">'D'</span>);
linkTest.print();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//A B C D</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 136); box-sizing: border-box;">var</span> newLink = reverseSingleLink(linkTest);
newLink.print();<span class="hljs-comment" style="color: rgb(136, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box;">//D C B A</span>
</span><span class="hljs-tag" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 102); box-sizing: border-box;"></<span class="hljs-title" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 0, 136);">script</span>></span> </code>以上是关于算法简述——JavaScript的主要内容，如果未能解决你的问题，请参考以下文章