spring Cloud(初级版)笔记(最新最详细)周阳老师2021年6月更新
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一丶Ribbon负载均衡服务调用
1.概述
Spring Cloud Ribbon是基于Netflix Ribbon实现的一套客户端 负载均衡的工具。
简单的说,Ribbon是Netflix发布的开源项目,主要功能是提供客户端的软件负载均衡算法和服务调用。Ribbon客户端组件提供一系列完善的配置项如连接超时,重试等。简单的说,就是在配置文件中列出Load Balancer(简称LB)后面所有的机器,Ribbon会自动的帮助你基于某种规则(如简单轮询,随机连接等)去连接这些机器。我们很容易使用Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
官网资料:https://github.com/Netflix/ribbon/wiki/Getting-Started
Ribbon目前也进入了维护模式
LB负载均衡(Load Balance)是什么
简单的说就是将用户的请求平摊的分配到多个服务上,从而达到系统的HA(高可用)。
常见的负载均衡有软件nginx,LVS,硬件 F5等。
Ribbon本地负载均衡客户端 VS Nginx服务端负载均衡区别
Nginx是服务器负载均衡,客户端所有请求都会交给nginx,然后由nginx实现转发请求。即负载均衡是由服务端实现的。
Ribbon本地负载均衡,在调用微服务接口时候,会在注册中心上获取注册信息服务列表之后缓存到JVM本地,从而在本地实现RPC远程服务调用技术。
2.Ribbon负载均衡演示
Ribbon在工作时分成两步
第一步先选择 EurekaServer ,它优先选择在同一个区域内负载较少的server.
第二步再根据用户指定的策略,在从server取到的服务注册列表中选择一个地址。
其中Ribbon提供了多种策略:比如轮询、随机和根据响应时间加权。
pom
之前写样例时候没有引入spring-cloud-starter-ribbon也可以使用ribbon,
猜测spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client自带了spring-cloud-starter-ribbon引用,
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
2. RestTemplate的使用
官网:https://docs.spring.io/spring-framework/docs/5.2.2.RELEASE/javadoc-api/org/springframework/web/client/RestTemplate.html
get请求方法
<T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);
<T> T getForObject(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);
<T> T getForObject(URI url, Class<T> responseType);
<T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);
<T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(String url, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);
<T> ResponseEntity<T> getForEntity(URI var1, Class<T> responseType);
post请求方法
<T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);
<T> T postForObject(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);
<T> T postForObject(URI url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType);
<T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Object... uriVariables);
<T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(String url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType, Map<String, ?> uriVariables);
<T> ResponseEntity<T> postForEntity(URI url, @Nullable Object request, Class<T> responseType);
3.Ribbon核心组件IRule
IRule:根据特定算法从服务列表中选取一个要访问的服务
如何替换
-
修改cloud-consumer-order80
-
注意配置细节
官方文档明确给出了警告:
这个自定义配置类不能放在@ComponentScan所扫描的当前包下以及子包下,
否则我们自定义的这个配置类就会被所有的Ribbon客户端所共享,达不到特殊化定制的目的了。
-
新建package
-
上面包下新建MySelfRule规则类
package com.chufeng.myrule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class MySelfRule
@Bean
public IRule myRole()
return new RandomRule();//定义为随机
- 主启动类添加@RibbonClient
package com.chufeng.springcloud;
import com.chufeng.myrule.MySelfRule;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.ribbon.RibbonClient;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@RibbonClient(name="CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE",configuration = MySelfRule.class)
public class OrderMain81
public static void main(String[] args)
SpringApplication.run(OrderMain81.class,args);
- 测试
可以看出来是随机轮询
4.Ribbon负载均衡算法
负载均衡算法:rest接口第几次请求数 % 服务器集群总数量 = 实际调用服务器位置下标 ,每次服务重启动后rest接口计数从1开始。
List instances = discoveryClient.getInstances(“CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE”);
如: List [0] instances = 127.0.0.1:8002
List [1] instances = 127.0.0.1:8001
8001+ 8002 组合成为集群,它们共计2台机器,集群总数为2, 按照轮询算法原理:
当总请求数为1时: 1 % 2 =1 对应下标位置为1 ,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8001
当总请求数位2时: 2 % 2 =0 对应下标位置为0 ,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8002
当总请求数位3时: 3 % 2 =1 对应下标位置为1 ,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8001
当总请求数位4时: 4 % 2 =0 对应下标位置为0 ,则获得服务地址为127.0.0.1:8002
如此类推…
手写一个负载的算法
原理+JUC(CAS+自旋锁的复习)
修改8001 8002的controller
package com.chufeng.springcloud.controller;
import com.chufeng.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.chufeng.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.chufeng.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.util.List;
@RestController//表示ResponseBody和Controller两个注解的组合
@Slf4j//打印日志
public class PaymentController
@Value("$server.port")
private String serverPort;
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
//由于是前端html5工程调用所以我们返回的结果用CommonResult
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment)
int result =paymentService.create(payment);
//在企业中,我们都是通过日志查看结果
log.info("******插入结果"+result);
//登录失败你要给前端一个提示让前端处理交互反馈
if(result>0)
return new CommonResult(200,"数据库插入成功,服务端口"+serverPort,result);
else
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/id")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
Payment payment =paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
//在企业中,我们都是通过日志查看结果
log.info("******查询结果"+payment+"哈哈哈");
//登录失败你要给前端一个提示让前端处理交互反馈
if(payment!=null)
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功服务端口"+serverPort,payment);
else
return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录,查询ID:"+id,null);
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/discovery")
public Object discovery()
List<String> services = discoveryClient.getServices();
for (String element : services)
System.out.println(element);
//有哪些具体的服务id可以获得
List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE");
for (ServiceInstance element : instances)
System.out.println(element.getServiceId() + "\\t" + element.getHost() + "\\t" + element.getPort() + "\\t"
+ element.getUri());
return this.discoveryClient;
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB()
return serverPort;
package com.chufeng.springcloud.controller;
import com.chufeng.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.chufeng.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.chufeng.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController//表示ResponseBody和Controller两个注解的组合
@Slf4j//打印日志
public class PaymentController
@Value("$server.port")
private String serverPort;
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
//由于是前端html5工程调用所以我们返回的结果用CommonResult
@PostMapping(value = "/payment/create")
public CommonResult create(@RequestBody Payment payment)
int result =paymentService.create(payment);
//在企业中,我们都是通过日志查看结果
log.info("******插入结果"+result);
//登录失败你要给前端一个提示让前端处理交互反馈
if(result>0)
return new CommonResult(200,"数据库插入成功,服务端口"+serverPort,result);
else
return new CommonResult(444,"插入数据库失败",null);
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/id")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
Payment payment =paymentService.getPaymentById(id);
//在企业中,我们都是通过日志查看结果
log.info("******查询结果"+payment+"哈哈哈");
//登录失败你要给前端一个提示让前端处理交互反馈
if(payment!=null)
return new CommonResult(200,"查询成功,服务端口"+serverPort,payment);
else
return new CommonResult(444,"没有对应记录,查询ID:"+id,null);
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/lb")
public String getPaymentLB()
return serverPort;
80订单微服务改造
- ApplicationContextBean去掉注解@LoadBalanced
package com.atguigu.springcloud.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2020-01-28 16:22
*/
@Configuration
public class ApplicationContextBean
@Bean
//@LoadBalanced
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate()
return new RestTemplate();
- loadBalancer接口
package com.atguigu.springcloud.lb;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2020-02-02 17:57
*/
public interface LoadBalancer
ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances);
- MyLB
package com.atguigu.springcloud.lb;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2020-02-02 17:57
*/
@Component
public class MyLB implements LoadBalancer
private AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger(0);
public final int getAndIncrement()
int current;
int next;
do
current = this.atomicInteger.get();
next = current >= 2147483647 ? 0 : current + 1;
while(!this.atomicInteger.compareAndSet(current, next));
System.out.println("*****next: "+next);
return next;
@Override
public ServiceInstance instances(List<ServiceInstance> serviceInstances)
int index = getAndIncrement() % serviceInstances.size();
return serviceInstances.get(index);
- OrderController
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.lb.LoadBalancer;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.net.URI;
import java.util.List;
/**
* @auther zzyy
* @create 2020-01-28 16:22
*/
@RestController
public class OrderController
//public static final String PAYMENT_SRV = "http://localhost:8001";
public static final String PAYMENT_SRV = "http://CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE";
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
//可以获取注册中心上的服务列表
@Resource
private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient;
@Resource
private LoadBalancer loadBalancer;
@GetMapping("/consumer/payment/create")
public CommonResult<Payment> create(Payment payment)
return restTemplate.postForObject(PAYMENT_SRV+"/payment/create",payment,CommonResult.class);
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spring Cloud(初级版)笔记(最新最详细)周阳老师2021年6月更新
spring Cloud(初级版)笔记(最新最详细)周阳老师2021年6月更新
spring Cloud(初级版)笔记(最新最详细)周阳老师2021年6月更新