[ 语法 ] 一 动词
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[ 常见的系动词 ]
be 是 | appear 看来 | become 变为,成为 |
fall 变成 | feel 感觉到 | get 变得,成为 |
go 变得 | grow 渐渐变成 | keep 保持 |
look 看来 | prove 证明是 | remain 仍然是 |
seem 好像 | sound 听起来 | smell 闻起来 |
stay 保持 | turn 变成 | taste 尝起来 |
The weather still remained cold in April. 虽然已进入四月,天气依然很冷
still adv.仍然; 不过; 更;(副词修饰系动词)
remain remain的过去式和过去分词
She fell ill and had to enter the hospital. 她生病了,必须住院治疗
fell fall得过去式
The district remained unchanged. 那个地区仍然没有什么变化
I was at a loss for an answer. 我不知如何回答
[ 非持续性动词 ]:非持续性动词表示动作一旦开始旧结束,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用
begin 开始 | come 来 | arrive 到达 | end 结束 |
die 死 | hit 打 | jump 跳 | join 加入 |
knock 敲 | lose 丢失 | open 开 |
[ 短语动词 ] 动词 + 介词、动词 + 副词、动词 + 名词 + 介词、动词 + 副词 + 介词
1. 动词 + 介词 :短语动词,固定搭配,及物动词
某些动词可以和不同的介词:at,for,from,of,to,with 构成动词词组
account for 说明 | allow for 考虑到 |
apply for 申请 | attend to 照料 |
believe in 相信 | break with 断绝关系,绝交 |
break into 闯入 | come across 偶然遇到 |
consist in 在于 | consist of 由...组成 |
complain of / about 抱怨 | count on 指望,依靠 |
depend on 依赖依靠 | determine on 决心,决定 |
look after 照料 | look into 调查 |
object to 反对 | operate on 为...做手术 |
long for 渴望 | lead to 导致 |
live on 靠...生活 | participate in 参加 |
insist on 坚持 | persist in 坚持 |
interfere with 干涉 | rely on 依靠 |
resort to 求助于 | turn to 求助于 |
Many people are applying for the job. 许多人在申请这个工作
She dreamed of becoming a singer. 她梦想成为一名歌唱家
I came across the book in a bookstore. 我在一家书店偶然发现了这本书
2. 动词 + 副词:短语动词,固定搭配,及物动词,不及物动词
某些动词可以跟不同得副词:away,down,out,off,over,aside 构成动词词组
当这类及物动词后接宾语,如果宾语是人称代词(包括 it)或反身代词,其结构为
动词 + 代词 + 副词,如果宾语是名词或不定代词,放前后都可
She has grown out and I can't make her out any more.
她已经长大了,我完全认不出是她
grown grow的过去分词 adj. 成年的,成熟的;
back down 撤回,放弃 | back up 支持,援助 |
break up 结束,终止 | blow up 炸毁 |
call off 取消 | carry out 执行 |
cut down 缩减 | cut off 切断 |
come off 成功 | come to 苏醒 |
find out 查明 | hand out 分发 |
make out 理解,填写 | make up 和好,化妆,捏造 |
cut away 砍下,切掉 | take over 接管 |
put aside 存储,搁置一边 | put away 收拾起来 |
take out 除去,去掉 | turn out 证明是,结果是 |
turn up 露面,出现 | turn off 关掉 |
Put out your cigarettes. 把你的香烟灭掉
The war broke out in 1945. 那场战争爆发与1945年
broke break的过去式
Turn off TV before you go out. 你出去之前把电视关掉
The march has been called off because of the rain. 由于下雨,那场比赛被取消了
3. 动词 + 名词 + 介词:短语动词,固定搭配,及物动词
这类短语动词大多数可以构成被动语态,存在两种形式:
① 把其中的名词用作被动语态的主语
② 把其中的介词宾语用作被动语态的宾语
The opportunity should be made full use of. 应该充分利用这次机会
Full use should be made of the opportunity. 应该充分利用这次机会
catch sight of 看见 | get rid of 摆脱 |
make fun of 取笑 | keep an eye on 留意 |
make use of 利用 | take advantage of 利用 |
pay attention to 注意 | take care of 照顾 |
take part in 参加 | give rise to 引起 |
make friends with 与交友 | take notice of 注意到 |
find fault with 挑...毛病 | make mention to 提到 |
take account of 考虑 | take hold of 抓住 |
You should pay attention to your spellings. 你应该注意你的拼写
They should not make fun of the disable. 他们不该取笑残疾人
We must make use of the opportunity to learn English. 我们必须利用这次机会学习英语
4. 动词 + 副词 + 介词:短语动词,固定搭配,及物动词
catch up with 赶上 | go in for 从事 | come down with 患(病) |
look down upon 轻视 | date back to 追溯到 | live up to 不辜负,实现 |
look forward to 期望 | listen in to 听广播 | look up to 尊敬 |
come up to 达到,符合 | stand up for 保卫,支持 | do away with 废除 |
put up with 忍受 | come up with 得出 | cut down on 减少 |
make up for 弥补 | go through with 完成 | hold on to 抓住 |
run out of 用完 | look out of 警惕 | face up to 面对 |
get along with 与...相处 |
Keep out of the railroad track. 请勿靠近铁轨
We must do away with the old laws. 我们必须废除这些旧的法律
I can't put up with these insult any more. 我无法再忍受这样的侮辱了
He walked so fast that she couldn't keep up with him. 他走的很快,使得她无法跟上
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