［ 阅读 ］阅读难句教程

Posted 2022-11-22 we1less

主语：加阴影        

谓语：加下划线       

宾语：波浪线

插入语：加双点下划线

修饰成分：  []  ()

表示并列转折的连词：黑体字；

省略：斜体字

长状语：/... .../

从句引导词：▢

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a.意群训练

the methods that a community devises to perpetuate itself come into being to preserve aspects of the culture legacy that that community perceives as essential.

        perpetuate        vt. 使永存; 使不朽，使不灭; 保持;

        preserve        v. 保持; 保护; 保险; 腌制;

        legacy        n. 遗产; 遗赠;

        perceive        v. 意识到; 察觉，发觉; 理解;

b. 不回视训练

c. 合理化原则推理训练

d. 速度与理解力的平衡点训练

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[ 难句分类 ]

1. 复杂修饰成分：修饰成分多且长

        a. 从句(主语、宾语、定语、状语、同位语)

        b. 介词短语修饰

        c. 分词修饰

        d. 不定式修饰

the methods (that a community devises to perpetuate itself) come into being / to preserve aspects fo the cultural legacy (that that community perceives as essential).

2. 大段的插入语或同位语

Moreover, I can feel strong emotions [ in respones to objects of art ( that are interpretations, rather than representations, of reality ) ].

3. 倒装

that sex ratio will be favored [ which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted ].

4. 省略

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[ 难句的典型结构 ]

1. 长成分：长从句、长状语、层层修饰、并列成分

① 长从句做主语、宾语或其他成分

a. 主语从句

that each large firm will act / with consideration of its own needs / and thus avoid selling its products / for more than its competitors' charge / is commonly recognized by advocates of free-market economic theories.

        长主语理解为 " 这一点 "

b. 宾语从句

The historian Frederick J. Turner wrote in the 1890's that the agrarian discontent ( that had been developing steadily in the United States since about 1870 ) had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier [ that is the depletion of available new land needed for futher expansion of the American farming system ].

        agrarian        adj. 土地的

        discontent        n. 不满，不平; 不愉快; 不满的人;

        precipitated        adj. 仓促行进的，匆促的; 轻率的，鲁莽的，草率的

② 长状语

the appreciation ( of traditional oral American Indian literature ) has been limited, hampered by poor translation and by the difficult, even in the rare culturally sensitive and aesthetically satisfying translation, of completely conveying the original's verse structure, tone, and syntax.

        hamper        vt. 妨碍，束缚，限制; 使困累

        convey        v. 表达; 传送;

        syntax        n. 句法; 句法规则[分析]; 语构; 语法;

③ 层层修饰