源码分析Android中View的绘制流程

Posted 加冰雪碧

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在开发中自定义控件的使用是比较频繁的,而自定义控件的基础之一就是View的测量以及绘制。这篇文章从源码的角度简要分析一下View的测量绘制。

在了解View绘制流程之前,必须先要了解一个类,MeasureSpec,它是View的内部类,专门来进行对测量的数据和类型进行打包和解包,看一下源码就会清楚不少:

public static class MeasureSpec 
        private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
        private static final int MODE_MASK  = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

        public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
        public static final int EXACTLY     = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
        public static final int AT_MOST     = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

        public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) 
            return size + mode;
        

        public static int getMode(int measureSpec) 
            return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
        

        public static int getSize(int measureSpec) 
            return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
        

        public static String toString(int measureSpec) 
            int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
            int size = getSize(measureSpec);

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");

            if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
                sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
            else if (mode == EXACTLY)
                sb.append("EXACTLY ");
            else if (mode == AT_MOST)
                sb.append("AT_MOST ");
            else
                sb.append(mode).append(" ");

            sb.append(size);
            return sb.toString();
        
    

类还是比较简单,使用getMode和getSize方法对一个32位的int值进行解包,解释出前2位和后30位分别作为测量模式和大小的标注。使用makeMeasureSpec来进行打包。这里暂时只需要知道可以用一个int值来存储这两种类型的数据就可以了,后面还会接触到。

ViewGroup中存放了许多的View,那么对View的测量一定会经过ViewGroup,在ViewGroup中的measureChildren方法完成了对子View的测量,来看一下:

 protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
        final int size = mChildrenCount;
        final View[] children = mChildren;
        for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) 
            final View child = children[i];
            if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) != GONE) 
                measureChild(child, widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
            
        
    

在方法中只是遍历了一下然后调用了measureChild方法,进入看一下:

protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec,
            int parentHeightMeasureSpec) 
        final LayoutParams lp = child.getLayoutParams();

        final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight, lp.width);
        final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom, lp.height);

        child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
    

可以看到方法中生成了子View的MeasureSpec,然后简单的调用了子View的measure方法。来看一下getChildMeasureSpec方法:

 public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) 
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);

        int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);

        int resultSize = 0;
        int resultMode = 0;

        switch (specMode) 
        // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            if (childDimension >= 0) 
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
             else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) 
                // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
             else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) 
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            
            break;

        // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
            if (childDimension >= 0) 
                // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
             else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) 
                // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
             else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) 
                // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                // bigger than us.
                resultSize = size;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
            
            break;

        // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            if (childDimension >= 0) 
                // Child wants a specific size... let him have it。
 resultSize = childDimension;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
             else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) 
                // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                // be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
             else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) 
                // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                // big it should be
                resultSize = 0;
                resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
            
            break;
        
        return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
    

先解释一下参数,spec是当前ViewGroup的MeasureSpec,padding是当前ViewGroup的padding,childDimension是子View的大小(可以为MATCH_PARENT和WRAP_CONTENT)。

当ViewGroup的MeasureSpec是EXACTLY时:

①子View的大小是大于等于0的,那么给子View设置的大小就是childDimension,MeasureSpec为EXACTLY。

②子View的大小是MATCH_PARENT,给子View设置的大小是当前ViewGroup大小-padding大小,MeasureSpecEXACTLY

③子View的大小是WRAP_CONTENT,给子View设置的大小是当前ViewGroup的大小-padding大小,MeasureSpecAT_MOST。

当ViewGroup的MeasureSpec是AT_MOST时:

①子View的大小是大于等于0的,那么给子View设置的大小就是childDimension,MeasureSpec为EXACTLY。

②子View的大小是MATCH_PARENT,给子View设置的大小是当前ViewGroup大小-padding大小,MeasureSpecAT_MOST

③子View的大小是WRAP_CONTENT,给子View设置的大小是当前ViewGroup的大小-padding大小,MeasureSpecAT_MOST。

剩下的一种情况是ViewGroup的MeasureSpec为UNSPECIFIED,这种情况基本不会出现,在这里就不深入考虑了。


了解了这些后ViewGroup对子View的测量就完成了,可以看到,子View宽高的测量值是由父ViewGroup和其自身的LayoutParams共同决定的。看完了ViewGroup对子View的分发测量再来看一下View的measure方法:

 public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
        if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||
                widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
                heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) 

            // first clears the measured dimension flag
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

            resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();

            // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
            onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);

            // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
            // an exception to warn the developer
            if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) 
                throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
                        + " measured dimension by calling"
                        + " setMeasuredDimension()");
            

            mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
        

        mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
        mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
    

在这里参数就是ViewGroup中创建的,因为这个方法是final的,我们并不能修改,所以我们只看一下能修改的onMeasure方法:

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) 
        setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
    

在方法中直接调用getDefaultSize生成了测量结果,然后进行赋值,跟进一下这个方法:

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) 
        int result = size;
        int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
        int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

        switch (specMode) 
        case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
            result = size;
            break;
        case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
        case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
            result = specSize;
            break;
        
        return result;
    

由前面的分析我们知道,基本上不管子View中的LayoutParams设置的大小为什么,它的MeasureSpec都会是AT_MOST和EXACTLY中的一个,那么它最后的测量大小必定等于specSize。并且还由刚才的分析可以知道,当我们把子View指定为WRAP_CONTENT时它的默认大小就是覆盖了整个ViewGroup。大家可以简单的做个实验,在这里就不贴实验的代码了。

如果想要让WRAP_CONTENT起作用,我们需要在onMeasure中加入逻辑的判断以确定其大小。

在onMeasure方法结束后,调用了setMeasuredDimension方法为mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight赋值:

protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) 
        mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
        mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;

        mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    

我们可以调用getMeasuredWidth对这个测量结果进行获取(但是必须在onMeasure调用结束后),getMeasuredHeight同理。

既然已经测量过了,现在就来看一下layout方法:

ViewGroup的layout方法也是简单的调用了父类View的layout方法,所以这里只看一下View的方法。

public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) 
        int oldL = mLeft;
        int oldT = mTop;
        int oldB = mBottom;
        int oldR = mRight;
        boolean changed = setFrame(l, t, r, b);
        if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) 
            onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
            mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;

            ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;
            if (li != null && li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners != null) 
                ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener> listenersCopy =
                        (ArrayList<OnLayoutChangeListener>)li.mOnLayoutChangeListeners.clone();
                int numListeners = listenersCopy.size();
                for (int i = 0; i < numListeners; ++i) 
                    listenersCopy.get(i).onLayoutChange(this, l, t, r, b, oldL, oldT, oldR, oldB);
                
            
        
        mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT;
    

在layout中首先判断了一下View的大小位置是否发生了改变,并且在setFram方法时将传入的参数赋给本地变量进行保存,而后调用onLayout方法去处理子View,因为onLayout方法和具体布局相关,所以在View和ViewGroup中都没有对其给出实现。

layout基本看完了,下面就是和绘画相关的draw。

public void draw(Canvas canvas) 
        final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
        final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
                (mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
        mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;

        /*
         * Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
         * in the appropriate order:
         *
         *      1. Draw the background
         *      2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
         *      3. Draw view's content
         *      4. Draw children
         *      5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
         *      6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
         */

        // Step 1, draw the background, if needed
        int saveCount;

        if (!dirtyOpaque) 
            final Drawable background = mBackground;
            if (background != null) 
                final int scrollX = mScrollX;
                final int scrollY = mScrollY;

                if (mBackgroundSizeChanged) 
                    background.setBounds(0, 0,  mRight - mLeft, mBottom - mTop);
                    mBackgroundSizeChanged = false;
                

                if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) 
                    background.draw(canvas);
                 else 
                    canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
                    background.draw(canvas);
                    canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
                
            
        

        // skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
        final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
        boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
        boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
        if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) 
            // Step 3, draw the content
            if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);

            // Step 4, draw the children
            dispatchDraw(canvas);

            // Step 6, draw decorations (scrollbars)
            onDrawScrollBars(canvas);

            // we're done...
            return;
        

注释写的也比较清楚,绘制背景->绘制自己->绘制子View->绘制ScrollBar,值得一提的是在View中dispatchDraw方法是空的,在ViewGroup中给出了实现。


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