Sqlserver中PIVOT行转列透视操作

Posted 2020-09-05 石

创建表：

IF OBJECT_ID(\'T040_PRODUCT_SALES\') IS NOT NULL
DROP TABLE T040_PRODUCT_SALES
create table T040_PRODUCT_SALES
(
 ID INT IDENTITY(1,1),
   ProductName VARCHAR(20),
   SaleMonth INT,
   SalesCount INT
)

 插入数据并排序：

INSERT INTO T040_PRODUCT_SALES VALUES
(\'Bicycle\',1,1),
(\'Shoes\',2,2),
(\'Clothes\',3,3),
(\'Books\',4,4),
(\'Medicine\',5,5),
(\'Drinks\',6,6),
(\'Shoes\',7,7),
(\'Books\',1,2),
(\'Bicycle\',1,3),
(\'Medicine\',1,4),
(\'Clothes\',1,5),
(\'Mobile Phone\',1,6),
(\'Books\',1,7),
(\'Medicine\',1,8),
(\'Shoes\',1,9),
(\'Bicycle\',2,10)
SELECT ProductName,
    SaleMonth,
    SUM(SalesCount) AS SalesCount
FROM T040_PRODUCT_SALES
GROUP BY ProductName,
   SaleMonth
ORDER BY ProductName,
      SaleMonth

 

 

格式：

/****
SELECT 非透视列,
             [透视列 1] AS \'列名1\',
             [透视列 2] AS \'列名2\',
             [透视列 3] AS \'列名3\'
FROM (
        -- 源数据
        SELECT 非透视列,
               透视列值的来源列,
               需要聚合的值
        FROM 表
     )AS 别名
PIVOT
     (
        SUM(需要聚合的值)
        FOR 透视列值的来源列 IN ([透视列 1]，[透视列 2]，[透视列 3])
     )AS 别名
****/

 行转列的代码：

select ProductName,
    ISNULL([1],0) AS \'1\',
    ISNULL([2],0) AS \'2\',
    ISNULL([3],0) AS \'3\',
    ISNULL([4],0) AS \'4\',
    ISNULL([5],0) AS \'5\',
    ISNULL([6],0) AS \'6\'  from (
	select ProductName,
     SaleMonth,
     SalesCount from T040_PRODUCT_SALES)
	 as Sales
	 pivot
	 (
	 SUM(SalesCount)
 FOR SaleMonth IN([1],[2],[3],[4],[5],[6])
	 ) as   PIVOTBL

 结果：

 

 

通过其他方式实现：

IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N\'[dbo].[TestRows2Columns]\') AND type in (N\'U\'))
DROP TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns]
GO
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[TestRows2Columns](
    [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,
    [UserName] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Subject] [nvarchar](50) NULL,
    [Source] [numeric](18, 0) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO

INSERT INTO [TestRows2Columns] ([UserName],[Subject],[Source]) 
    SELECT N\'张三\',N\'语文\',60  UNION ALL
    SELECT N\'李四\',N\'数学\',70  UNION ALL
    SELECT N\'王五\',N\'英语\',80  UNION ALL
    SELECT N\'王五\',N\'数学\',75  UNION ALL
    SELECT N\'王五\',N\'语文\',57  UNION ALL
    SELECT N\'李四\',N\'语文\',80  UNION ALL
    SELECT N\'张三\',N\'英语\',100

 实现方式：

--1：静态拼接行转列
	SELECT [UserName],
	SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN \'数学\' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS \'[数学]\',
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN \'英语\' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS \'[英语]\',
SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN \'语文\' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS \'[语文]\'  
	 FROM 
	[TestRows2Columns] 
	GROUP BY [UserName]

 

--2.动态拼接
	DECLARE @sql VARCHAR(8000)
	SET @sql=\'SELECT [UserName],\'
	--它只用于给输入的字符串加一对方括号，并返回新形成的字符串
	SELECT @sql=@sql+ \'SUM(CASE [Subject] WHEN \'\'\'+[Subject]+\'\'\' THEN [Source] ELSE 0 END) AS \'\'\'+QUOTENAME([Subject])+\'\'\',\'   
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT [Subject] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) AS a     
SELECT @sql = LEFT(@sql,LEN(@sql)-1) + \' FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [UserName]\'   
PRINT(@sql)
EXEC(@sql)

 

--3：静态PIVOT行转列
SELECT  *
FROM    ( SELECT    [UserName] ,
                    [Subject] ,
                    [Source]
          FROM      [TestRows2Columns]
        ) p PIVOT
( SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( [数学],[英语],[语文] ) ) AS pvt
ORDER BY pvt.[UserName];


--4：动态PIVOT行转列
DECLARE @sql_str VARCHAR(8000)
DECLARE @sql_col VARCHAR(8000)
SELECT @sql_col = ISNULL(@sql_col + \',\',\'\') + QUOTENAME([Subject]) FROM [TestRows2Columns] GROUP BY [Subject]
SET @sql_str = \'
SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT [UserName],[Subject],[Source] FROM [TestRows2Columns]) p PIVOT 
    (SUM([Source]) FOR [Subject] IN ( \'+ @sql_col +\') ) AS pvt 
ORDER BY pvt.[UserName]\'
PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)

 

--5.参数化
DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
SET @tableName = \'TestRows2Columns\'
SET @groupColumn = \'UserName\'
SET @row2column = \'Subject\'
SET @row2columnValue = \'Source\'

--从行数据中获取可能存在的列
SET @sql_str = N\'
SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + \'\',\'\',\'\'\'\') + QUOTENAME([\'+@row2column+\']) 
    FROM [\'+@tableName+\'] GROUP BY [\'+@row2column+\']\'
--PRINT @sql_str
EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N\'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT\',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
--PRINT @sql_col

SET @sql_str = N\'
SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT [\'+@groupColumn+\'],[\'+@row2column+\'],[\'+@row2columnValue+\'] FROM [\'+@tableName+\']) p PIVOT 
    (SUM([\'+@row2columnValue+\']) FOR [\'+@row2column+\'] IN ( \'+ @sql_col +\') ) AS pvt 
ORDER BY pvt.[\'+@groupColumn+\']\'
--PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)

 

--6：带条件查询的参数化动态PIVOT行转列
DECLARE @sql_str NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_col NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @sql_where NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @tableName SYSNAME --行转列表
DECLARE @groupColumn SYSNAME --分组字段
DECLARE @row2column SYSNAME --行变列的字段
DECLARE @row2columnValue SYSNAME --行变列值的字段
SET @tableName = \'TestRows2Columns\'
SET @groupColumn = \'UserName\'
SET @row2column = \'Subject\'
SET @row2columnValue = \'Source\'
SET @sql_where = \'WHERE UserName = \'\'王五\'\'\'

--从行数据中获取可能存在的列
SET @sql_str = N\'
SELECT @sql_col_out = ISNULL(@sql_col_out + \'\',\'\',\'\'\'\') + QUOTENAME([\'+@row2column+\']) 
    FROM [\'+@tableName+\'] \'+@sql_where+\' GROUP BY [\'+@row2column+\']\'
--PRINT @sql_str
EXEC sp_executesql @sql_str,N\'@sql_col_out NVARCHAR(MAX) OUTPUT\',@sql_col_out=@sql_col OUTPUT
--PRINT @sql_col

SET @sql_str = N\'
SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT [\'+@groupColumn+\'],[\'+@row2column+\'],[\'+@row2columnValue+\'] FROM [\'+@tableName+\']\'+@sql_where+\') p PIVOT 
    (SUM([\'+@row2columnValue+\']) FOR [\'+@row2column+\'] IN ( \'+ @sql_col +\') ) AS pvt 
ORDER BY pvt.[\'+@groupColumn+\']\'
--PRINT (@sql_str)
EXEC (@sql_str)