centos7.2 Mysql5.7.15版本 一主一从复制

Posted 2020-09-04

1、概述

2、所需软件

3、mysql软件的安装（rpm安装,两台服务器上都要安装数据库软件）

3.1、查询服务器上是否已经安装的mysql

# rpm -aq | grep mariadb

3.2、先卸载旧的版本

# 如果是生产环境，请谨慎卸载，这个包可能会影响其它软件的使用，如果不卸载，安装mysql5.7会报错，即安装不了。

卸载旧版本mariadb

rpm -e mariadb-libs –nodeps

3.3、安装软件

//新建msyql用户禁止登录shell

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql mysql 

解压

tar xvf mysql-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

安装软件

rpm -ivf mysql-community-common-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf mysql-community-libs-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf mysql-community-client-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf mysql-community-embedded-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf mysql-community-devel-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm       

rpm -ivf mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 

rpm -ivf mysql-community-server-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

// mysql-community-test依赖perl,需要安装perl-Data-Dumper与perl(JSON)  

yum install perl-Data-Dumper perl-JSON -y          

rpm -ivf mysql-community-test-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivf mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.15-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

3.4、MySQL 5.7.15修改密码

/bin/systemctl start  mysqld.service

查看密码

sudo grep ‘temporary password‘ /var/log/mysqld.log

mysql -u root -p //输入上条命令查看到的密码

进入mysql，修改密码

mysql> set password=password(‘123456‘);

mysql>flush privileges;

设置开机启动

systemctl enable mysqld

3.5、开启mysql的3306端口号，给root用户授权，用于远程访问

3.5.1、永久关闭iptables与Selinux

关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

临时关闭Selinux

setenforce 0

永久关闭Selinux

sed -i ‘/SELINUX/s/enforcing/disabled/‘ /etc/selinux/config

重启系统生效

3.5.2、给root用户授权，使远程客户端才能够连接过来

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> flush privileges;

4、主从复制配置步骤如下：

4.1、主从服务器分别作以下操作：

systemctl stop mysqld

4.2、修改主服务器master:

#vi /etc/my.cnf
[client]

default-character-set=gbk

[mysqld]

character-set-server=gbk

basedir=/usr

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

port=3306

server_id=173

log_bin=master-bin

log_bin_index=master-bin.index

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

skip-name-resolve

max_connections=1000

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

long_query_time=1

slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_slow_query.log

binlog_format=row

 

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

 

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

4.3、修改从服务器slave:

#vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]

default-character-set=gbk

[mysqld]

character-set-server=gbk

log_bin=slave-bin

log_bin_index=slave-bin.index

basedir=/usr

datadir=/var/lib/mysql

port=3306

server_id=178

socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

relay_log=relay-log

relay_log_index=relay-log.index

skip-name-resolve

max-connections=1000

default-storage-engine=InnoDB

long_query_time=1

slow_query_log_file=/var/lib/mysql/mysql_slow_query.log

binlog_format=row

 

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

 

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log

pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

4.4、重启两台服务器的mysql

systemctl  start mysqld

4.5、在主服务器上建立帐户并授权slave:

# mysql -u root -p

Enter password: 

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘192.168.1.178‘ identified by ‘123456‘;

mysql>flush privileges;

4.6、登录主服务器的mysql，查询master的状态

 注：执行完此步骤后不要再操作主服务器MYSQL，防止主服务器状态值变化

4.7、配置从服务器Slave：

mysql> change master to master_host=‘192.168.1.173‘,master_user=‘apexsoft‘,master_password=‘123456‘,master_log_file=‘master-bin.000001‘,master_log_pos=309;

如果在一个机器多个实例上，可能需要指定端口号或者修改了mysql 默认端口号，在配置主从复制的时候需要加上MASTER_PORT=3306；

启动从服务器复制功能

mysql>start slave;   

4.8、检查从服务器复制功能状态：

mysql> show slave status\G;

*************************** 1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event

                  Master_Host: 192.168.1.173  //主服务器地址

                  Master_User: apexsoft   //授权帐户名，尽量避免使用root

                  Master_Port: 3306    //数据库端口，部分版本没有此行

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 322  //#同步读取二进制日志的位置，大于等于>=Exec_Master_Log_Pos

               Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000002

                Relay_Log_Pos: 284

        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes   //此状态必须YES

            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes   //此状态必须YES

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 322

              Relay_Log_Space: 451

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 205

                  Master_UUID: dcc7a60f-2c1d-11e5-ad33-000c29133345

             Master_Info_File: /usr/local/mysql/data/master.info

                    SQL_Delay: 0

          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL

      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it

           Master_Retry_Count: 86400

                  Master_Bind:

      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:

     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:

               Master_SSL_Crl:

           Master_SSL_Crlpath:

           Retrieved_Gtid_Set:

            Executed_Gtid_Set:

                Auto_Position: 0

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

注：Slave_IO及Slave_SQL进程必须正常运行，即YES状态，否则都是错误的状态(如：其中一个NO均属错误)。
以上操作过程，主从服务器配置完成。

可以从主服务器上查看从服务器连接状态：

mysql>show processlist;

4.9、主从服务器测试：

主服务器Mysql，建立数据库，并在这个库中建表插入一条数据：

mysql> create database apex_db;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use apex_db;

Database changed

mysql>  create table apex_tb(id int(3),name char(10));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into apex_tb values(001,‘ apex ‘);

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show databases;

   +——————–+

   | Database           |

   +——————–+

   | information_schema |

   | apex_db             |

   | mysql              |

   | test               |

   +——————–+

   4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

从服务器Mysql查询：

 mysql> show databases;

   +——————–+

   | Database           |

   +——————–+

   | information_schema |

   | apex_db              |         

| mysql              |

   | test               |

   +——————–+
   4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use apex_db

Database changed

mysql> select * from apex_tb;    //可以看到在主服务器上新增的具体数据

   +——+——+

   | id   | name |

   +——+——+

   |    1 | apex |

   +——+——+

   1 row in set (0.00 sec)

本文出自 “corasql” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://corasql.blog.51cto.com/5908329/1906985