MemcachedRedis OR Tair

Posted 2020-09-04 goody9807

一、前言

非关系型数据库（NoSQL = Not Only SQL）的产品非常多，常见的有Memcached、Redis、MongoDB等优秀开源项目，相关概念和资料网上也非常丰富，不再重复描述，本文主要引入Memcached和Redis与淘宝开源Tair分布式存储进行对比测试，由于各自适用场景不同，且每个产品的可配置参数繁多，涉及缓存策略、分布算法、序列化方式、数据压缩技术、通信方式、并发、超时等诸多方面因素，都会对测试结果产生影响，单纯的性能对比存在非常多的局限性和不合理性，所以不能作为任何评估依据，仅供参考，加深对各自产品的理解。以下是一些基本认识：

1、尽管 Memcached 和 Redis 都标识为Distribute，但从Server端本身而言它们并不提供分布式的解决方案，需要Client端实现一定的分布算法将数据存储到各个节点，从而实现分布式存储，两者都提供了Replication功能（Master-Slave）保障可靠性。

2、Tair 则本身包含 Config Server 和 Data Server 采用一致性哈希算法分布数据存储，由ConfigSever来管理所有数据节点，理论上服务器端节点的维护对前端应用不会产生任何影响，同时数据能按指定复制到不同的DataServer保障可靠性，从Cluster角度来看属于一个整体Solution，组件图参照上一篇博文（ http://www.cnblogs.com/lengfo/p/4171655.html ）。

基于此，本文设定了实验环境都使用同一台机器进行 Memcached、Redis 和 Tair 的单Server部署测试。

二、前置条件

1、虚拟机环境（OS ：CentOS6.5，CPU：2 Core，Memory：4G）

2、软件环境

	Sever	Client
Memcached	Memcached 1.4.21	Xmemcached 2.0.0
Redis	Redis 2.8.19	Jedis 2.8.5
Tair	Tair 2.3	Tair Client 2.3.1

3、服务器配置，单一服务器通过配置尽可能让资源分配一致（由于各个产品服务器端的配置相对复杂，不再单独列出，以下仅描述内存、连接等基本配置）

	IP_Port	Memory_Size	Max_Connection	备注
Memcached	10.129.221.70：12000	1024MB	2048
Redis	10.129.221.70：6379	1gb（1000000000byte）	10000（默认）
Tair Config Server	10.129.221.70：5198
Tair Data Server	10.129.221.70：5191	1024MB		使用mdb存储引擎

三、用例场景，分别使用单线程和多线程进行测试

1、从数据库读取一组数据缓存（SET）到每个缓存服务器，其中对于每个Server的写入数据是完全一致的，不设置过期时间，进行如下测试。

1）单线程进行1次写入

2）单线程进行500次写入

3）单线程进行2000次写入

4）并行500个线程，每个线程进行1次写入

5）并行500个线程，每个线程进行5次写入

6）并行2000个线程，每个线程进行1次写入

2、分别从每个缓存服务器读取（GET）数据，其中对于每个Server的读取数据大小是完全一致的，进行如下测试。

1）单线程进行1次读取

2）单线程进行500次读取

3）单线程进行2000次读取

4）并行500个线程，每个线程进行1次读取

5）并行500个线程，每个线程进行5次读取

6）并行2000个线程，每个线程进行1次读取

四、单线程测试

1、缓存Model对象（OrderInfo）的定义参照tbOrder表（包括单据号、制单日期、商品、数量等字段）

2、单线程的读写操作对于代码的要求相对较低，不需要考虑Pool，主要代码如下：

1）Memcached单线程读写，使用二进制方式序列化，不启用压缩。

 1 public static void putItems2Memcache(List<OrderInfo> orders) throws Exception {
 2         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;
 3         try {
 4             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));
 5             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
 6             memcachedClient = builder.build();
 7 
 8             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
 9                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);
10                 if (!isSuccess) {
11                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);
12                 }
13             }
14         } catch (Exception ex) {
15             ex.printStackTrace();
16         } finally {
17             memcachedClient.shutdown();
18         }
19     }
20 
21     public static void getItemsFromMemcache(List<String> billNumbers) throws Exception {
22         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null;
23         try {
24             MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("10.129.221.70:12000"));
25             builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
26             memcachedClient = builder.build();
27 
28             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
29                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);
30 
31                 if (result == null) {
32                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
33                 }
34             }
35         } catch (Exception ex) {
36             ex.printStackTrace();
37         } finally {
38             memcachedClient.shutdown();
39         }
40     }

View Code

2）Redis单线程读写，由于Jedis Client 不支持对象的序列化，需要自行实现对象序列化（本文使用二进制方式）。

 1 public static void putItems2Redis(List<OrderInfo> orders) {
 2         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);
 3 
 4         try {
 5             jedis.connect();
 6 
 7             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
 8                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));
 9                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {
10                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);
11                 }
12             }
13         } catch (Exception ex) {
14             ex.printStackTrace();
15         } finally {
16             jedis.close();
17         }
18     }
19 
20     public static void getItemsFromRedis(List<String> billNumbers) {
21         Jedis jedis = new Jedis("10.129.221.70", 6379);
22 
23         try {
24             jedis.connect();
25 
26             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
27                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());
28                 if (result.length > 0) {
29                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);
30                     if (order == null) {
31                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);
32                     }
33                 } else {
34                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
35                 }
36             }
37         } catch (Exception ex) {
38             ex.printStackTrace();
39         } finally {
40             jedis.close();
41         }
42     }

View Code

序列化代码

 1 package common;
 2 
 3 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 4 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
 5 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
 6 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
 7 
 8 public class SerializeUtil {
 9 
10     /**
11      * 序列化
12      * @param object
13      * @return
14      */
15     public static byte[] serialize(Object object) {
16         ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
17         ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
18 
19         try { 
20             baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
21             oos = new ObjectOutputStream(baos);
22             oos.writeObject(object);
23             byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
24             return bytes;
25         } catch (Exception e) {
26             e.printStackTrace();
27         }
28         return null;
29     }
30 
31     /**
32      * 反序列化
33      * @param bytes
34      * @return
35      */
36     public static Object unserialize(byte[] bytes) {
37         ByteArrayInputStream bais = null;
38         try {
39             bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
40             ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bais);
41             return ois.readObject();
42         } catch (Exception e) {
43             e.printStackTrace();
44         }
45 
46         return null;
47     }
48 }

View Code

3）Tair单线程读写，使用Java序列化，默认压缩阀值为8192字节，但本文测试的每个写入项都不会超过这个阀值，所以不受影响。

 1 public static void putItems2Tair(List<OrderInfo> orders) {
 2         try {
 3             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
 4             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");
 5             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");
 6 
 7             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
 8             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
 9             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
10             tairManager.init();
11 
12             for (OrderInfo order : orders) {
13                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);
14                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {
15                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());
16                 }
17             }
18         } catch (Exception ex) {
19             ex.printStackTrace();
20         }
21     }
22 
23     public static void getItemsFromTair(List<String> billNumbers) {
24         try {
25             List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
26             confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5198");
27             //confServers.add("10.129.221.70:5200");
28 
29             DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
30             tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
31             tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
32             tairManager.init();
33 
34             for (String billnumber : billNumbers) {
35                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);
36                 if (result.isSuccess()) {
37                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();
38                     if (entry == null) {
39                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
40                     }
41                 } else {
42                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());
43                 }
44             }
45         } catch (Exception ex) {
46             ex.printStackTrace();
47         }
48     }

3、测试结果，每项重复测试取平均值

五、多线程测试

1、除了多线程相关代码外的公共代码和单线程基本一致，多线程测试主要增加了Client部分代码对ConnectionPool、TimeOut相关设置，池策略、大小都会对性能产生很大影响，为了达到更高的性能，不同的使用场景下都需要有科学合理的测算。

2、主要测试代码

1）每个读写测试线程任务完成后统一调用公共Callback，在每批测试任务完成后记录消耗时间

 1 package common;
 2 
 3 public class ThreadCallback {
 4 
 5     public static int CompleteCounter = 0;
 6     public static int failedCounter = 0;
 7 
 8     public static synchronized void OnException() {
 9         failedCounter++;
10     }
11 
12     public static synchronized void OnComplete(String msg, int totalThreadCount, long startMili) {
13         CompleteCounter++;
14         if (CompleteCounter == totalThreadCount) {
15             long endMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
16             System.out.println("(总共" + totalThreadCount + "个线程 ) " + msg + "  ,总耗时为：" + (endMili - startMili) + "毫秒 ，发生异常线程数：" + failedCounter);
17             CompleteCounter = 0;
18             failedCounter = 0;
19         }
20     }
21 }

View Code

2）Memcached多线程读写，使用XMemcached客户端连接池，主要设置连接池大小ConnectionPoolSize=5，连接超时时间ConnectTimeout=2000ms，测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

测试方法

 1         /*-------------------Memcached(多线程初始化)--------------------*/
 2         MemcachedClientBuilder builder = new XMemcachedClientBuilder(AddrUtil.getAddresses("192.168.31.191:12000"));
 3         builder.setCommandFactory(new BinaryCommandFactory());
 4         builder.setConnectionPoolSize(5);
 5         builder.setConnectTimeout(2000);
 6         MemcachedClient memcachedClient = builder.build();
 7         memcachedClient.setOpTimeout(2000);
 8 
 9         /*-------------------Memcached(多线程写入)--------------------*/
10         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);
11         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
12         totalThreadCount = 500;
13         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
14             MemcachePutter putter = new MemcachePutter();
15             putter.OrderList = orders;
16             putter.Namesapce = i;
17             putter.startMili = startMili;
18             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
19             putter.memcachedClient = memcachedClient;
20 
21             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
22             th.start();
23         }
24 
25                 //读取代码基本一致

View Code

线程任务类

 1 public class MemcachePutter implements Runnable {
 2     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
 3     public int Namesapce;
 4     public int TotalThreadCount;
 5     public long startMili;
 6     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 线程安全的？
 7 
 8     @Override
 9     public void run() {
10         try {
11             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
12                 boolean isSuccess = memcachedClient.set("order_" + order.BillNumber, 0, order);
13                  if (!isSuccess) {
14                 System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + isSuccess);
15                 }
16             }
17         } catch (Exception ex) {
18             ex.printStackTrace();
19             ThreadCallback.OnException();
20         } finally {
21             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
22         }
23     }
24 }
25 
26 
27 
28 public class MemcacheGetter implements Runnable {
29 
30     public List<String> billnumbers;
31     public long startMili;
32     public int TotalThreadCount;
33     public MemcachedClient memcachedClient = null; // 线程安全的？
34 
35     @Override
36     public void run() {
37         try {
38             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
39                 OrderInfo result = memcachedClient.get(billnumber);
40                 if (result == null) {
41                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
42                 }
43             }
44         } catch (Exception ex) {
45             ex.printStackTrace();
46             ThreadCallback.OnException();
47         } finally {
48             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Memcached 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
49         }
50     }
51 }

View Code

3）Redis多线程读写，使用Jedis客户端连接池，从源码可以看出依赖与Apache.Common.Pool2，主要设置连接池MaxTotal=5，连接超时时间Timeout=2000ms，测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

测试方法

 1         /*-------------------Redis(多线程初始化)--------------------*/
 2         GenericObjectPoolConfig config = new GenericObjectPoolConfig();
 3         config.setMaxTotal(5);
 4         JedisPool jpool = new JedisPool(config, "192.168.31.191", 6379, 2000);
 5 
 6         /*-------------------Redis(多线程写入)--------------------*/
 7         totalThreadCount = 2000;
 8         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(1);
 9         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
10         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
11             RedisPutter putter = new RedisPutter();
12             putter.OrderList = orders;
13             putter.Namesapce = i;
14             putter.startMili = startMili;
15             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
16             putter.jpool = jpool;
17 
18             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
19             th.start();
20         }

View Code

线程任务类

 1 public class RedisPutter implements Runnable {
 2 
 3     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
 4     public int Namesapce;
 5     public int TotalThreadCount;
 6     public long startMili;
 7     public JedisPool jpool;
 8 
 9     @Override
10     public void run() {
11         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();
12 
13         try {
14             jedis.connect();
15 
16             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
17                 String StatusCode = jedis.set(("order_" + order.BillNumber).getBytes(), SerializeUtil.serialize(order));
18                 if (!StatusCode.equals("OK")) {
19                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + StatusCode);
20                 }
21             }
22         } catch (Exception ex) {
23             // ex.printStackTrace();
24             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
25             ThreadCallback.OnException();
26         } finally {
27             jpool.returnResource(jedis);
28             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
29         }
30     }
31 }
32 
33 
34 
35 public class RedisGetter implements Runnable {
36     public List<String> billnumbers;
37     public long startMili;
38     public int TotalThreadCount;
39     public JedisPool jpool;
40 
41     @Override
42     public void run() {
43         Jedis jedis = jpool.getResource();
44 
45         try {
46             jedis.connect();
47             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
48                 byte[] result = jedis.get(billnumber.getBytes());
49                 if (result.length > 0) {
50                     OrderInfo order = (OrderInfo) SerializeUtil.unserialize(result);
51                     if (order == null) {
52                         System.out.println(" unserialize failed : " + billnumber);
53                     }
54                 } else {
55                     System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
56                 }
57             }
58         } catch (Exception ex) {
59             // ex.printStackTrace();
60             jpool.returnBrokenResource(jedis);
61             ThreadCallback.OnException();
62         } finally {
63             jpool.returnResource(jedis);
64             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Redis 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
65         }
66     }
67 }

View Code

4）Tair多线程读写，使用官方Tair-Client，可设置参数MaxWaitThread主要指最大等待线程数，当超过这个数量的线程在等待时，新的请求将直接返回超时，本文测试设置MaxWaitThread=100，连接超时时间Timeout=2000ms，测试结果要求没有超时异常线程。

测试方法

 1 　　　　 /*-------------------Tair(多线程初始化tairManager)--------------------*/
 2         List<String> confServers = new ArrayList<String>();
 3         confServers.add("192.168.31.191:5198");
 4         DefaultTairManager tairManager = new DefaultTairManager();
 5         tairManager.setConfigServerList(confServers);
 6         tairManager.setGroupName("group_1");
 7         tairManager.setMaxWaitThread(100);// 最大等待线程数，当超过这个数量的线程在等待时，新的请求将直接返回超时
 8         tairManager.setTimeout(2000);// 请求的超时时间，单位为毫秒
 9         tairManager.init();
10 
11         /*-------------------Tair(多线程写入)--------------------*/
12         orders = OrderBusiness.loadOrders(5);
13         startMili = System.currentTimeMillis();
14         totalThreadCount = 500;
15         for (int i = 1; i <= totalThreadCount; i++) {
16             TairPutter putter = new TairPutter();
17             putter.OrderList = orders;
18             putter.Namesapce = i;
19             putter.startMili = startMili;
20             putter.TotalThreadCount = totalThreadCount;
21             putter.tairManager = tairManager;
22 
23             Thread th = new Thread(putter);
24             th.start();
25         }
26 　　　　　/*-------------------Tair(多线程读取)--------------------*/
27         //读取代码基本一致

线程任务类

 1 public class TairGetter implements Runnable {
 2     public List<String> billnumbers;
 3     public long startMili;
 4     public int TotalThreadCount;
 5     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;
 6 
 7     @Override
 8     public void run() {
 9         try {
10             for (String billnumber : billnumbers) {
11                 Result<DataEntry> result = tairManager.get(0, billnumber);
12                 if (result.isSuccess()) {
13                     DataEntry entry = result.getValue();
14                     if (entry == null) {
15                         System.out.println(" get failed : " + billnumber + " not exist ");
16                     }
17                 } else {
18                     System.out.println(result.getRc().getMessage());
19                 }
20             }
21         } catch (Exception ex) {
22             // ex.printStackTrace();
23             ThreadCallback.OnException();
24         } finally {
25             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每个线程进行" + billnumbers.size() + "次 [读取] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
26         }
27     }
28 }
29 
30 
31 
32 public class TairPutter implements Runnable {
33 
34     public List<OrderInfo> OrderList;
35     public int Namesapce;
36     public int TotalThreadCount;
37     public long startMili;
38     public DefaultTairManager tairManager;
39 
40     @Override
41     public void run() {
42         try {
43             for (OrderInfo order : OrderList) {
44                 ResultCode result = tairManager.put(0, "order_" + order.BillNumber, order);
45                 if (!result.isSuccess()) {
46                     System.out.println("put: order_" + order.BillNumber + "  " + result.isSuccess() + " code:" + result.getCode());
47                 }
48             }
49         } catch (Exception ex) {
50             // ex.printStackTrace();
51             ThreadCallback.OnException();
52         } finally {
53             ThreadCallback.OnComplete("Tair 每个线程进行" + OrderList.size() + "次 [写入] ", TotalThreadCount, startMili);
54         }
55     }
56 }

3、测试结果，每项重复测试取平均值

六、Memcached、Redis、Tair 都非常优秀

Redis在单线程环境下的性能表现非常突出，但在并行环境下则没有很大的优势，是JedisPool或者CommonPool的性能瓶颈还是我测试代码的问题请麻烦告之，过程中修改setMaxTotal，setMaxIdle都没有太大的改观。

Tair由于需要在服务器端实现数据分布等相关算法，所以在测试对比中性能有所损耗应该也很好理解。

如之前所言，每个技术本身的原理、策略、适用场景各不相同，尽管以上测试方法已经考虑了很多影响因素，但任然可能存在不足之处，所以类似的对比缺乏合理性，Tair还有2种存储引擎没有测试，而且以上都基于单机环境测试，在Cluster环境下可能也会有差别，所以结果仅供参考，不作任何评估依据。