微信公众平台安全模式下传输xml数据包时解密方式
Posted 穆雄雄
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大家好，我是雄雄，欢迎你的到来。
前言：
最近一直在搞微信服务（公众）号开发，前面也写过一篇文章，是关于一开始配置、验证token以及接收用户触发关注/取消关注事件时的接口，文章地址：java实现微信服务（公众）号用户关注时，获取openid，安全模式下的加密解密实现
今天将加密解密的工具类汇总整理一下发出来，记录一下。
加密/解密工具类
/**
* 对公众平台发送给公众账号的消息加解密示例代码.
*
* @copyright Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Tencent Inc.
*/
// ------------------------------------------------------------------------
/**
* 针对org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64，
* 需要导入架包commons-codec-1.9（或commons-codec-1.8等其他版本）
* 官方下载地址：http://commons.apache.org/proper/commons-codec/download_codec.cgi
*/
package org.jeecg.modules.utils;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Random;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
/**
* 提供接收和推送给公众平台消息的加解密接口(UTF8编码的字符串).
* <ol>
* <li>第三方回复加密消息给公众平台</li>
* <li>第三方收到公众平台发送的消息，验证消息的安全性，并对消息进行解密。</li>
* </ol>
* 说明：异常java.security.InvalidKeyException:illegal Key Size的解决方案
* <ol>
* <li>在官方网站下载JCE无限制权限策略文件（JDK7的下载地址：
* http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jce-7-download-432124.html</li>
* <li>下载后解压，可以看到local_policy.jar和US_export_policy.jar以及readme.txt</li>
* <li>如果安装了JRE，将两个jar文件放到%JRE_HOME%\\lib\\security目录下覆盖原来的文件</li>
* <li>如果安装了JDK，将两个jar文件放到%JDK_HOME%\\jre\\lib\\security目录下覆盖原来文件</li>
* </ol>
*/
public class WXBizMsgCrypt
static Charset CHARSET = Charset.forName("utf-8");
Base64 base64 = new Base64();
byte[] aesKey;
String token;
String appId;
/**
* 构造函数
* @param token 公众平台上，开发者设置的token
* @param encodingAesKey 公众平台上，开发者设置的EncodingAESKey
* @param appId 公众平台appid
*
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public WXBizMsgCrypt(String token, String encodingAesKey, String appId) throws AesException
if (encodingAesKey.length() != 43)
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalAesKey);
this.token = token;
this.appId = appId;
aesKey = Base64.decodeBase64(encodingAesKey + "=");
// 生成4个字节的网络字节序
byte[] getNetworkBytesOrder(int sourceNumber)
byte[] orderBytes = new byte[4];
orderBytes[3] = (byte) (sourceNumber & 0xFF);
orderBytes[2] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 8 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[1] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 16 & 0xFF);
orderBytes[0] = (byte) (sourceNumber >> 24 & 0xFF);
return orderBytes;
// 还原4个字节的网络字节序
int recoverNetworkBytesOrder(byte[] orderBytes)
int sourceNumber = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
sourceNumber <<= 8;
sourceNumber |= orderBytes[i] & 0xff;
return sourceNumber;
// 随机生成16位字符串
String getRandomStr()
String base = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
for (int i = 0; i < 16; i++)
int number = random.nextInt(base.length());
sb.append(base.charAt(number));
return sb.toString();
/**
* 对明文进行加密.
*
* @param text 需要加密的明文
* @return 加密后base64编码的字符串
* @throws AesException aes加密失败
*/
String encrypt(String randomStr, String text) throws AesException
ByteGroup byteCollector = new ByteGroup();
byte[] randomStrBytes = randomStr.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes(CHARSET);
byte[] networkBytesOrder = getNetworkBytesOrder(textBytes.length);
byte[] appidBytes = appId.getBytes(CHARSET);
// randomStr + networkBytesOrder + text + appid
byteCollector.addBytes(randomStrBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(networkBytesOrder);
byteCollector.addBytes(textBytes);
byteCollector.addBytes(appidBytes);
// ... + pad: 使用自定义的填充方式对明文进行补位填充
byte[] padBytes = PKCS7Encoder.encode(byteCollector.size());
byteCollector.addBytes(padBytes);
// 获得最终的字节流, 未加密
byte[] unencrypted = byteCollector.toBytes();
try
// 设置加密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec keySpec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(aesKey, 0, 16);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, keySpec, iv);
// 加密
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(unencrypted);
// 使用BASE64对加密后的字符串进行编码
String base64Encrypted = base64.encodeToString(encrypted);
return base64Encrypted;
catch (Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.EncryptAESError);
/**
* 对密文进行解密.
*
* @param text 需要解密的密文
* @return 解密得到的明文
* @throws AesException aes解密失败
*/
String decrypt(String text) throws AesException
byte[] original;
try
// 设置解密模式为AES的CBC模式
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/NoPadding");
SecretKeySpec key_spec = new SecretKeySpec(aesKey, "AES");
IvParameterSpec iv = new IvParameterSpec(Arrays.copyOfRange(aesKey, 0, 16));
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key_spec, iv);
// 使用BASE64对密文进行解码
byte[] encrypted = Base64.decodeBase64(text);
// 解密
original = cipher.doFinal(encrypted);
catch (Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.DecryptAESError);
String xmlContent, from_appid;
try
// 去除补位字符
byte[] bytes = PKCS7Encoder.decode(original);
// 分离16位随机字符串,网络字节序和AppId
byte[] networkOrder = Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 16, 20);
int xmlLength = recoverNetworkBytesOrder(networkOrder);
xmlContent = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20, 20 + xmlLength), CHARSET);
from_appid = new String(Arrays.copyOfRange(bytes, 20 + xmlLength, bytes.length),
CHARSET);
catch (Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
throw new AesException(AesException.IllegalBuffer);
// appid不相同的情况
if (!from_appid.equals(appId))
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateAppidError);
return xmlContent;
/**
* 将公众平台回复用户的消息加密打包.
* <ol>
* <li>对要发送的消息进行AES-CBC加密</li>
* <li>生成安全签名</li>
* <li>将消息密文和安全签名打包成xml格式</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param replyMsg 公众平台待回复用户的消息，xml格式的字符串
* @param timeStamp 时间戳，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串，可以自己生成，也可以用URL参数的nonce
*
* @return 加密后的可以直接回复用户的密文，包括msg_signature, timestamp, nonce, encrypt的xml格式的字符串
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String encryptMsg(String replyMsg, String timeStamp, String nonce) throws AesException
// 加密
String encrypt = encrypt(getRandomStr(), replyMsg);
// 生成安全签名
if (timeStamp == "")
timeStamp = Long.toString(System.currentTimeMillis());
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt);
// System.out.println("发送给平台的签名是: " + signature[1].toString());
// 生成发送的xml
String result = XMLParse.generate(encrypt, signature, timeStamp, nonce);
return result;
/**
* 检验消息的真实性，并且获取解密后的明文.
* <ol>
* <li>利用收到的密文生成安全签名，进行签名验证</li>
* <li>若验证通过，则提取xml中的加密消息</li>
* <li>对消息进行解密</li>
* </ol>
*
* @param msgSignature 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
* @param postData 密文，对应POST请求的数据
*
* @return 解密后的原文
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String decryptMsg(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String postData)
throws AesException
// 密钥，公众账号的app secret
// 提取密文
Object[] encrypt = XMLParse.extract(postData);
// 验证安全签名
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, encrypt[1].toString());
// 和URL中的签名比较是否相等
// System.out.println("第三方收到URL中的签名：" + msg_sign);
// System.out.println("第三方校验签名：" + signature);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature))
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
// 解密
String result = decrypt(encrypt[1].toString());
return result;
/**
* 验证URL
* @param msgSignature 签名串，对应URL参数的msg_signature
* @param timeStamp 时间戳，对应URL参数的timestamp
* @param nonce 随机串，对应URL参数的nonce
* @param echoStr 随机串，对应URL参数的echostr
*
* @return 解密之后的echostr
* @throws AesException 执行失败，请查看该异常的错误码和具体的错误信息
*/
public String verifyUrl(String msgSignature, String timeStamp, String nonce, String echoStr)
throws AesException
String signature = SHA1.getSHA1(token, timeStamp, nonce, echoStr);
if (!signature.equals(msgSignature))
throw new AesException(AesException.ValidateSignatureError);
String result = decrypt(echoStr);
return result;
官方提供的测试类：
package org.jeecg.modules.utils;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.junit.*;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
public class WXBizMsgCryptTest
String encodingAesKey = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789ABCDEFG";
String tokeN = "";
String timestamp = "1409304348";
String nonce = "xxxxxx";
String appId = "wxb11529c136998cb6";
String replyMsg = "我是中文abcd123";
String xmlFormat = "<xml><><![CDATA[toUser]]></ToUserName><Encrypt><![CDATA[%1$s]]></Encrypt></xml>";
String afterAesEncrypt = "jn1L23DB+6ELqJ++3bnyg5K55bgVtVzd832WzZGMhkP72vVOfg==";
String randomStr = "aaaabbbbccccdddd";
String replyMsg2 = "<xml><ToUserName><![CDATA[oia2Tj我是中文jewbmiOUlr6X-1crbLOvLw]]></ToUserName><FromUserName><![CDATA[gh_7f083739789a]]></FromUserName><CreateTime>1407743423</CreateTime><MsgType><![CDATA[video]]></MsgType><Video><MediaId><![CDATA[eYJ1MbwPRJtOvIEabaxHs7TX2D-HV71s79GUxqdUkjm6Gs2Ed1KF3ulAOA9H1xG0]]></MediaId><Title><![CDATA[testCallBackReplyVideo]]></Title><Description><![CDATA[testCallBackReplyVideo]]></Description></Video></xml>";
String afterAesEncrypt2 = "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";
@BeforeClass
public static void setUpBeforeClass() throws Exception
@AfterClass
public static void tearDownAfterClass() throws Exception
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception
@Test
public void testNormal() throws ParserConfigurationException, SAXException, IOException
try
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
String afterEncrpt = pc.encryptMsg(replyMsg, timestamp, nonce);
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
StringReader sr = new StringReader(afterEncrpt);
InputSource is = new InputSource(sr);
Document document = db.parse(is);
Element root = document.getDocumentElement();
NodeList nodelist1 = root.getElementsByTagName("Encrypt");
NodeList nodelist2 = root.getElementsByTagName("MsgSignature");
String encrypt = nodelist1.item(0).getTextContent();
String msgSignature = nodelist2.item(0).getTextContent();
String fromXML = String.format(xmlFormat, encrypt);
// 第三方收到公众号平台发送的消息
String afterDecrpt = pc.decryptMsg(msgSignature, timestamp, nonce, fromXML);
assertEquals(replyMsg, afterDecrpt);
catch (AesException e)
fail("正常流程，怎么就抛出异常了？？？？？？");
@Test
public void testAesEncrypt()
try
WXBizMsgCrypt pc = new WXBizMsgCrypt(token, encodingAesKey, appId);
assertEquals(afterAesEncrypt, pc.encrypt(randomStr, replyMsg));
catch (AesException e)
e.printStackTrace();
fail("no异常");
@Test
public void testAesEncrypt2()
try
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