Oracle DG数据库升级(11.2.0.1-11.2.0.4)

Posted 2021-04-30 杨新建的技术学习之路

数据库在使用一段时间后总是会面临需要升级的情况，DBA日常的工作中的一项工作就是负责数据库升级，以解决数据库的bug，还有就是提高性能。

Oracle DG 环境数据库升级有两种方案：(1) 从11.2.0.1 PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABAES 升级到11.2.0.4 PHYSICAL STANDBY DATABAES  (2) 把PHYSICAL STANDBY 转临时的逻辑备库，升级逻辑备库后，切换，再升级原主库，这就是所说的滚动升级

在选择方案之前，需要了解Physical DG和Logical DG的区别：

Physical Standby使用的是Media Recovery 技术，在数据块级别进行恢复，这种方式没有数据类型的限制，可以保证两个数据库完全一致。 Physical Standby数据库只能以只读方式打开。

 Logical Standby使用的是Logminer 技术，通过把日志内容还原成SQL 语句，然后SQL引擎执行这些语句，Logical Standby不支持所有数据类型，可以在视图DBA_LOGSTDBY_UNSUPPORTED 中查看不支持的数据类型，如果使用了被忽略的数据类型，则不能保证数据库完全一致,因为涉及到不支持的数据类型的相关操作会被忽略掉。

通过比较两种方案的区别，这里决定采用第一种方案，原因是数据库的表里有逻辑备库不支持的数据类型，为了避免相关操作被忽略掉，所以选用第一种方案。

升级思路如下：

① 主库备库安装新版本软件;

② 主库暂停归档传输;关闭主库

③ 主库升级数据库,完成后主库启用归档传输 

④ 备库升级或者重做

⑤ 备库开启日志恢复后打开数据库

⑥ 主备库做切换来验证

升级方案的步骤如下：

1. 当前环境是11.2.0.1.0版本的物理DG环境

2.将所需的数据库软件及补丁包上传到指定的目录/home/oracle/orasoft

3.创建新的ORACLE_HOME目录,更改.bash_profile文件，安装oracle软件，打补丁

---

这部分操作主备库都需要做，更改bash_profile文件

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$  mkdir -p /opt/app1/db11g

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ vi .bash_profile

LANG='en_US.UTF-8'

TMP=/opt/app/tmp

TMPDIR=/opt/app/tmp

#ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app1

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db11g

ORACLE_SID=orcl

#ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle

#ORACLE_SID=test12c

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

OGG_HOME=/opt/ogg11

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$OGG_HOME/bin

export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LANG TMP TMPDIR OGG_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH

[oracle@oracle142 orasoft]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip

[oracle@oracle142 orasoft]$ unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip

[oracle@oracle142 orasoft]$ cd database

[oracle@oracle142 database]$ ls

install  readme.html  response  rpm  runInstaller  sshsetup  stage  welcome.html

[oracle@oracle142 database]$ ./runInstaller

安装过程(可启动图形化界面安装或者静默安装的方式都可以)

执行上图脚本

安装完成之后开始打补丁,打补丁需要首先把Opatch这个包先解压到ORACLE_HOME目录下，再解压补丁包打补丁。

---

4.安装完毕之后，准备开始做升级，升级之前需要做准备工作：

① 停止业务，暂停连接数据库主备库的应用服务器

② 备份主库数据库，数据大于一切，所以一定要备份

③ 如果数据库flashback开启着，那么可以创建一个 restore point

以上工作完成之后就可以开始升级了

4.1 主库暂停归档传输

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=defer ;            

System altered.

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_state_2

NAME      TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

log_archive_dest_state_2      string DEFER

4.2 关闭主库，关闭监听，修改环境变量

---

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> exit

SQL> exit

Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 07-MAY-2018 18:29:11

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.16.16.202)(PORT=1521)))

The command completed successfully

更改完成后，source使得profile生效

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ source .bash_profile

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ cat .bash_profile

# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin

export PATH

LANG='en_US.UTF-8'

TMP=/opt/app/tmp

TMPDIR=/opt/app/tmp

#ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app

ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app1

ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/db11g

ORACLE_SID=orcl

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib

OGG_HOME=/opt/ogg11

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$OGG_HOME/bin

export PATH ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LANG TMP TMPDIR OGG_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH

---

4.3 主库将参数文件、密码文件、监听文件、解析文件都拷贝到相关的新目录

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ cp /opt/app/db11g/dbs/* /opt/app1/db11g/dbs/

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ cp -r /opt/app/db11g/network/admin/* /opt/app1/db11g/network/admin/

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ vi /etc/oratab

orcl:/opt/app1/db11g:N

[oracle@oracle142 ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.16.16.202)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

  (SID_LIST=

    (SID_DESC=

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orclstd)

      (SERVICE_NAME  = orclst)

      (ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/db11g)

      (SID_NAME=orcl))

    (SID_DESC=

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orclst_DGMGRL)

      (SERVICE_NAME  = orclstd)

      (ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app/db11g)

      (SID_NAME=orcl))

    )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/app1

4.4 主库启动监听，启动数据库，运行升级脚本

[oracle@oracle142 admin]$ lsnrctl start

[oracle@oracle142 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Mon May 7 19:07:05 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL>  startup upgrade;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3073216512 bytes

Fixed Size     2257192 bytes

Variable Size 1560284888 bytes

Database Buffers 1493172224 bytes

Redo Buffers    17502208 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

在升级前可以执行dbupgdiag脚本(收集数据库升级/迁移诊断信息的脚本 (dbupgdiag.sql) (Doc ID 1577288.1))

SQL> @/home/oracle/dbupgdiag.sql

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlu112i.sql

再执行catupgrd.sql升级脚本,执行完后会正常的关闭数据库 

SQL>spool /home/oracle/upgrade.log 

SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/catupgrd.sql; 

执行完毕之后，正常启动数据库

验证组件是否升级成功 

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utlu112s.sql

查看升级后的无效对象 

SQL> @?/rdbms/admin/utluiobj.sql 

执行catuppst.sql脚本 

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catuppst.sql;

编译无效对象 

SQL>@$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/utlrp.sql;

执行完毕之后，主库的升级结束。

最后主库需要修改log_archive_dest_state_2参数为enable

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

System altered.

5. 备库升级

5.1 将参数文件、密码文件、监听文件、解析文件都拷贝到相关的新目录

[oracle@oracle125 ~]$ cp /opt/app/db11g/dbs/* /opt/app1/db11g/dbs/

[oracle@oracle125 ~]$ cp -r /opt/app/db11g/network/admin/* /opt/app1/db11g/network/admin/

[oracle@oracle125 admin]$ vi listener.ora

LISTENER =

  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =

    (DESCRIPTION =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.16.16.211)(PORT = 1521))

    )

  )

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

  (SID_LIST=

    (SID_DESC=

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orclst)

      (SERVICE_NAME  = orclst)

      (ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app1/db11g)

      (SID_NAME=orcl))

    (SID_DESC=

      (GLOBAL_DBNAME=orclst_DGMGRL)

      (SERVICE_NAME  = orclst)

      (ORACLE_HOME=/opt/app1/db11g)

      (SID_NAME=orcl))

    )

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /opt/app1

5.2 更改.bash_profile文件,启动监听

[oracle@oracle125 admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 08-MAY-2018 11:00:01

Copyright (c) 1991, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/app1/db11g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

System parameter file is /opt/app1/db11g/network/admin/listener.ora

Log messages written to /opt/app1/diag/tnslsnr/oracle125/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.16.16.211)(PORT=1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=10.16.16.211)(PORT=1521)))

STATUS of the LISTENER

------------------------

Alias                     LISTENER

Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

Start Date                08-MAY-2018 11:00:06

Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 4 sec

Trace Level               off

Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication

SNMP                      OFF

Listener Parameter File   /opt/app1/db11g/network/admin/listener.ora

Listener Log File         /opt/app1/diag/tnslsnr/oracle125/listener/alert/log.xml

Listening Endpoints Summary...

  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=10.16.16.211)(PORT=1521)))

Services Summary...

Service "orclst" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

Service "orclst_DGMGRL" has 1 instance(s).

  Instance "orcl", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...

The command completed successfully

5.3 启动数据库到mount状态，在recover备库

[oracle@oracle125 admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Tue May 8 11:12:29 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3073216512 bytes

Fixed Size     2257192 bytes

Variable Size 1560284888 bytes

Database Buffers 1493172224 bytes

Redo Buffers    17502208 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

Media recovery complete.

此时在告警日志中会看到如下：表示正在等待mem中的日志，recover完成了

在主库中看到

SQL> select process,status,sequence# from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS   STATUS SEQUENCE#

--------- ------------ ----------

ARCH   CLOSING        99

ARCH   CLOSING        99

ARCH   CLOSING        95

ARCH   CLOSING       104

LGWR   WRITING       106

确认recover完成后再打开数据库，否则会报错

SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

到此，备库升级完成。

备库开启实时同步

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION parallel 6;

Database altered.

6.主备库切换测试验证

升级完成之后，通过主备库的来回切换测试来验证。

6.1查看主备库角色

主库

备库

6.2主库切换为备库

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01012: not logged on

SQL> startup nomount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3073216512 bytes

Fixed Size     2257192 bytes

Variable Size 1577062104 bytes

Database Buffers 1476395008 bytes

Redo Buffers    17502208 bytes

SQL> alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

Database altered.

6.3备库切换为主库

SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;

Database altered.

SQL> shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 3073216512 bytes

Fixed Size     2257192 bytes

Variable Size 1560284888 bytes

Database Buffers 1493172224 bytes

Redo Buffers    17502208 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

6.4 原先的主库，当前的备库操作

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open read only;

Database altered.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION parallel 6;

Database altered.

6.5 查看主备库状态以及延迟情况

新主库查看

新备库查看

至此验证完毕。