性能工具之ab压力测试工具及ab命令详解
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背景
ab小型压力工具，对于在Linux中简单调试还是比较方便，轻巧灵活.
安装
yum -y install httpd-tools
查看版本
[root@7dgroup2 ~]# ab -V
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
帮助
[root@7dgroup2 ~]# ab help
ab: invalid URL
Usage: ab [options] [http[s]://]hostname[:port]/path
Options are:
-n requests Number of requests to perform
-c concurrency Number of multiple requests to make at a time
-t timelimit Seconds to max. to spend on benchmarking
This implies -n 50000
-s timeout Seconds to max. wait for each response
Default is 30 seconds
-b windowsize Size of TCP send/receive buffer, in bytes
-B address Address to bind to when making outgoing connections
-p postfile File containing data to POST. Remember also to set -T
-u putfile File containing data to PUT. Remember also to set -T
-T content-type Content-type header to use for POST/PUT data, eg.
'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
Default is 'text/plain'
-v verbosity How much troubleshooting info to print
-w Print out results in html tables
-i Use HEAD instead of GET
-x attributes String to insert as table attributes
-y attributes String to insert as tr attributes
-z attributes String to insert as td or th attributes
-C attribute Add cookie, eg. 'Apache=1234'. (repeatable)
-H attribute Add Arbitrary header line, eg. 'Accept-Encoding: gzip'
Inserted after all normal header lines. (repeatable)
-A attribute Add Basic WWW Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-P attribute Add Basic Proxy Authentication, the attributes
are a colon separated username and password.
-X proxy:port Proxyserver and port number to use
-V Print version number and exit
-k Use HTTP KeepAlive feature
-d Do not show percentiles served table.
-S Do not show confidence estimators and warnings.
-q Do not show progress when doing more than 150 requests
-g filename Output collected data to gnuplot format file.
-e filename Output CSV file with percentages served
-r Don't exit on socket receive errors.
-h Display usage information (this message)
-Z ciphersuite Specify SSL/TLS cipher suite (See openssl ciphers)
-f protocol Specify SSL/TLS protocol
(SSL3, TLS1, TLS1.1, TLS1.2 or ALL)
[root@7dgroup2 ~]#
-n在测试会话中所执行的请求个数。默认时，仅执行一个请求。
-c一次产生的请求个数。默认是一次一个。
-t测试所进行的最大秒数。其内部隐含值是-n 50000，它可以使对服务器的测试限制在一个固定的总时间以内。默认时，没有时间限制。
快速上手
[root@7dgroup2 ~]# ab -n10 -c 10 http://172.17.211.142:8089/
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.3 <$Revision: 1430300 $>
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Licensed to The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/
Benchmarking 172.17.211.142 (be patient).....done
Server Software: #服务器软件
Server Hostname: 172.17.211.142 #域名
Server Port: 8089 #请求端口号
Document Path: / #文件路径
Document Length: 76443 bytes #页面字节数
Concurrency Level: 10 #请求的并发数
Time taken for tests: 0.064 seconds #总访问时间
Complete requests: 10 #请求成功数量
Failed requests: 0 #请求失败数量
Write errors: 0
Total transferred: 766030 bytes #请求总数据大小（包括header头信息）
HTML transferred: 764430 bytes #html页面实际总字节数
Requests per second: 157.09 [#/sec] (mean) #每秒多少请求,服务器的吞吐量
Time per request: 63.656 [ms] (mean) #用户平均请求等待时间
Time per request: 6.366 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) # 服务器平均处理时间，也就是服务器吞吐量的倒数
Transfer rate: 11751.86 [Kbytes/sec] received #每秒获取的数据长度
Connection Times (ms)
min mean[+/-sd] median max
Connect: 0 0 0.0 0 0 #网络链接
Processing: 8 36 17.1 41 60 #系统处理
Waiting: 3 24 18.7 18 55 #等待
Total: 9 37 17.1 42 60#Total并不等于前三行数据相加，因为前三行的数据并不是在同一个请求中采集到的，
#可能某个请求的网络延迟最短，但是系统处理时间又是最长的呢。
#所以Total是从整个请求所需要的时间的角度来统计的。
Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
50% 42
66% 45
75% 51
80% 52
90% 60
95% 60
98% 60
99% 60
100% 60 (longest request)
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