web性能压力测试工具：Webbench 源码分析

Posted 2021-04-29 程序猿编码

前言

Webbench是一个网站压力测试的工具。由Lionbridge公司开发，Webbech的标准测试可以向我们展示服务器的两项内容，分别为每秒钟请求数和每秒钟传输数据量。如果你不清数访问的网站能承受多大的压力，或者对比两个网站的性能可以，考虑使用Webbench或者http_load来测试。

源码下载

webbench源码一共包含两个源文件：socket.c和webbench.c

http://home.tiscali.cz/~cz210552/webbench.html

工作原理

1.主函数进行参数命令行检查，并且进入bench开始压测。2.bench函数使用fork模拟出多个客户端，调用socket并发请求，每个子进程记录自己的访问数据，并写入管道。3.父进程从管道读取子进程的输出信息。4.使用函数alarm进行时间控制，到时候后会发生SIGALRM信号，调用信号处理函数子进程停止。

Webbench 流程图

Webbench 源码分析

socket.c 源代码及注释

/* $Id: socket.c 1.1 1995/01/01 07:11:14 cthuang Exp $ * * This module has been modified by Radim Kolar for OS/2 emx */
/*********************************************************************** module: socket.c program: popclient SCCS ID: @(#)socket.c 1.5 4/1/94 programmer: Virginia Tech Computing Center compiler: DEC RISC C compiler (Ultrix 4.1) environment: DEC Ultrix 4.3  description: UNIX sockets code. ***********************************************************************/ #include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <fcntl.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#include <netdb.h>#include <sys/time.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <stdarg.h>
/***********************
功能：通过地址和端口建立网络连接host：网络地址clientPort:端口返回值：建立的socket连接如果返回 -1,表示建立连接失联

***********************/
//以host和clientPort构成一对TCP的套接字（host支持域名）int Socket(const char *host, int clientPort){ int sock; unsigned long inaddr; struct sockaddr_in ad; struct hostent *hp;  memset(&ad, 0, sizeof(ad)); ad.sin_family = AF_INET;
 inaddr = inet_addr(host);//将点分的十进制的IP转为无符号长整型 if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE) memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr)); else //如果host是域名 { hp = gethostbyname(host); //用域名获取IP if (hp == NULL) return -1; memcpy(&ad.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length); } //端口 ad.sin_port = htons(clientPort); //将一个无符号短整型(s)的主机数值(h)转换为网络字节顺序(n) //创建通信端点：套接字 sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (sock < 0) return sock; //连接到相应的主机 if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&ad, sizeof(ad)) < 0) return -1; return sock;}

webbench.c

在webbench.c文件中，包含了下面几个函数：

static void alarm_handler(int signal)//信号处理函数，时钟结束时进行调用
static void usage(void)//是在使用出错时提示怎么使用本程序。
void build_request(const char *url)//是用来创建http连接请求的。
static int bench(void)//中创建管道和子进程，调用测试http函数。
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)//对http请求进行测试。

wenbench.c源代码及注释 :

/** (C) Radim Kolar 1997-2004* This is free software, see GNU Public License version 2 for* details.** Simple forking WWW Server benchmark:** Usage:* webbench --help** Return codes:* 0 - sucess* 1 - benchmark failed (server is not on-line)* 2 - bad param* 3 - internal error, fork failed* */ 
#include "socket.c"#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/param.h>#include <rpc/types.h>#include <getopt.h>#include <strings.h>#include <time.h>#include <signal.h>
/* values */volatile int timerexpired=0;int speed=0;//子进程成功得到服务器响应的总数int failed=0;//子进程请求失败总数int bytes=0;//读取的字节总数
/* globals */int http10=1; /* 0 - http/0.9, 1 - http/1.0, 2 - http/1.1 *//* Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, TRACE */#define METHOD_GET 0 #define METHOD_HEAD 1 #define METHOD_OPTIONS 2 #define METHOD_TRACE 3 #define PROGRAM_VERSION "1.5"int method=METHOD_GET; //HTTP请求方法，默认GET 方式int clients=1; //只模拟一个客户端,并发数int force=0; //是否等待服务器应答。默认为不等待int force_reload=0; //失败时int proxyport=80; //代理服务器应答，访问端口为80char *proxyhost=NULL; //代理服务器的地址int benchtime=30; //模拟请求时间
/* internal */int mypipe[2]; //管道，用于父子进程间通信char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; //网络地址#define REQUEST_SIZE 2048char request[REQUEST_SIZE]; //HTTP请求信息
static const struct option long_options[]={ {"force",no_argument,&force,1}, {"reload",no_argument,&force_reload,1}, {"time",required_argument,NULL,'t'}, {"help",no_argument,NULL,'?'}, {"http09",no_argument,NULL,'9'}, {"http10",no_argument,NULL,'1'}, {"http11",no_argument,NULL,'2'}, {"get",no_argument,&method,METHOD_GET}, {"head",no_argument,&method,METHOD_HEAD}, {"options",no_argument,&method,METHOD_OPTIONS}, {"trace",no_argument,&method,METHOD_TRACE}, {"version",no_argument,NULL,'V'}, {"proxy",required_argument,NULL,'p'}, {"clients",required_argument,NULL,'c'}, {NULL,0,NULL,0}};
/* prototypes */static void benchcore(const char* host,const int port, const char *request);static int bench(void);static void build_request(const char *url);
static void alarm_handler(int signal){ timerexpired=1;} 
//帮助信息static void usage(void){ fprintf(stderr, "webbench [option]... URL\n" " -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n" " -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n" " -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n" " -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n" " -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n" " -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n" " -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n" " -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n" " --get Use GET request method.\n" " --head Use HEAD request method.\n" " --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n" " --trace Use TRACE request method.\n" " -?|-h|--help This information.\n" " -V|--version Display program version.\n" );}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]){ int opt=0; int options_index=0; char *tmp=NULL;
 //不带参数时直接输出帮助信息 if(argc==1) { usage(); return 2; } 
 //getopt_log 为命令行解析的库函数 while((opt=getopt_long(argc,argv,"912Vfrt:p:c:?h",long_options,&options_index))!=EOF ) { //如果有返回对应的命令行参数 switch(opt) { case 0 : break; case 'f': force=1;break; case 'r': force_reload=1;break;  case '9': http10=0;break; case '1': http10=1;break; case '2': http10=2;break; case 'V': printf(PROGRAM_VERSION"\n");exit(0);//输入版本号 case 't': benchtime=atoi(optarg);break;  case 'p':  /* proxy server parsing server:port */ tmp=strrchr(optarg,':'); proxyhost=optarg; if(tmp==NULL) { break; } if(tmp==optarg) { fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n",optarg); return 2; } if(tmp==optarg+strlen(optarg)-1) { fprintf(stderr,"Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n",optarg); return 2; } *tmp='\0'; proxyport=atoi(tmp+1);break;//重设端口号 case ':': case 'h': case '?': usage();return 2;break; case 'c': clients=atoi(optarg);break;//并发数 } }
 // optind 被 getopt_long设置为命令行参数中未读取的下一个元素下标值 if(optind==argc) { fprintf(stderr,"webbench: Missing URL!\n"); usage(); return 2; }
 //不能指定客户端数和请求时间为 0 if(clients==0) clients=1; if(benchtime==0) benchtime=30;  /* Copyright */ fprintf(stderr,"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PROGRAM_VERSION"\n" "Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n" );  //构造HTTP请求到request数组 build_request(argv[optind]);  // print request info ,do it in function build_request /*printf("Benchmarking: ");  switch(method) { case METHOD_GET: default: printf("GET");break; case METHOD_OPTIONS: printf("OPTIONS");break; case METHOD_HEAD: printf("HEAD");break; case METHOD_TRACE: printf("TRACE");break; }  printf(" %s",argv[optind]);  switch(http10) { case 0: printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");break; case 2: printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");break; }  printf("\n"); */
 printf("Runing info: ");
 if(clients==1)  printf("1 client"); else printf("%d clients",clients);
 printf(", running %d sec", benchtime);  if(force) printf(", early socket close"); if(proxyhost!=NULL) printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxyhost,proxyport); if(force_reload) printf(", forcing reload");  printf(".\n");  //开始压力测试，返回bench函数执行结果 return bench();}
/*******************
功能：创建URL请求连接url:url地址返回值:无
********************/
void build_request(const char *url){ char tmp[10]; int i;
 //请求地址和请求连接清零 //bzero(host,MAXHOSTNAMELEN); //bzero(request,REQUEST_SIZE); memset(host,0,MAXHOSTNAMELEN);//初始化 memset(request,0,REQUEST_SIZE);
 //判断应该使用的HTTP协议,协议适配 if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL && http10<1) http10=1; if(method==METHOD_HEAD && http10<1) http10=1; if(method==METHOD_OPTIONS && http10<2) http10=2; if(method==METHOD_TRACE && http10<2) http10=2;
 //填写method方式 switch(method) { default: case METHOD_GET: strcpy(request,"GET");break; case METHOD_HEAD: strcpy(request,"HEAD");break; case METHOD_OPTIONS: strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");break; case METHOD_TRACE: strcpy(request,"TRACE");break; }
 strcat(request," "); //URL 合法性判断 if(NULL==strstr(url,"://")) //找：//”在URL中的位置 { fprintf(stderr, "\n%s: is not a valid URL.\n",url); exit(2); } if(strlen(url)>1500) //url是否太长 { fprintf(stderr,"URL is too long.\n"); exit(2); } if (0!=strncasecmp("http://",url,7)) //比较前7个字符串 {  //只支持HTTP地址 fprintf(stderr,"\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n"); exit(2); }  //找到主机名开始的地方 /* protocol/host delimiter */ i=strstr(url,"://")-url+3; //i指向http://后第一个位置 //必须以/结束 if(strchr(url+i,'/')==NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n"); exit(2); }  if(proxyhost==NULL) { /* get port from hostname */ if(index(url+i,':')!=NULL && index(url+i,':')<index(url+i,'/')) //判断url中是否指定了端口号 { strncpy(host,url+i,strchr(url+i,':')-url-i); //取出主机地址 //bzero(tmp,10); memset(tmp,0,10);//端口 strncpy(tmp,index(url+i,':')+1,strchr(url+i,'/')-index(url+i,':')-1); /* printf("tmp=%s\n",tmp); */ proxyport=atoi(tmp); //设置端口 if(proxyport==0) proxyport=80; }  else { strncpy(host,url+i,strcspn(url+i,"/")); } // printf("Host=%s\n",host); strcat(request+strlen(request),url+i+strcspn(url+i,"/")); }  else { // printf("ProxyHost=%s\nProxyPort=%d\n",proxyhost,proxyport); strcat(request,url); }
 if(http10==1) strcat(request," HTTP/1.0"); else if (http10==2) strcat(request," HTTP/1.1");  strcat(request,"\r\n");  if(http10>0) strcat(request,"User-Agent: WebBench "PROGRAM_VERSION"\r\n"); if(proxyhost==NULL && http10>0) { strcat(request,"Host: "); strcat(request,host); strcat(request,"\r\n"); }  if(force_reload && proxyhost!=NULL) { strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n"); }  if(http10>1) strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");  /* add empty line at end */ if(http10>0) strcat(request,"\r\n");   printf("\nRequest:\n%s\n",request);}
/*****************功能：创建管道和子进程，对http请求进行测试
****************/
/* vraci system rc error kod */static int bench(void){ int i,j,k;  pid_t pid=0; FILE *f;
 //作为测试地址是否合法 /* check avaibility of target server */ i=Socket(proxyhost==NULL?host:proxyhost,proxyport); if(i<0) {  fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n"); return 1; } close(i);  //创建管道 /* create pipe */ if(pipe(mypipe)) { perror("pipe failed."); return 3; }
 /* not needed, since we have alarm() in childrens */ /* wait 4 next system clock tick */ /* cas=time(NULL); while(time(NULL)==cas) sched_yield(); */
 //派生子进程 /* fork childs */ for(i=0;i<clients;i++) { pid=fork(); if(pid <= (pid_t) 0) { /* child process or error*/ sleep(1); /* make childs faster */ break; //子进程立刻跳出循环，要不就子进程继续fork  } }
 if( pid < (pid_t) 0)//fork出错 { fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i); perror("fork failed."); return 3; }
 if(pid == (pid_t) 0) //子进程 { //子进程发出实际请求 /* I am a child */ if(proxyhost==NULL) benchcore(host,proxyport,request); else benchcore(proxyhost,proxyport,request);
 //打开管道写 /* write results to pipe */ f=fdopen(mypipe[1],"w"); if(f==NULL) { perror("open pipe for writing failed."); return 3; } /* fprintf(stderr,"Child - %d %d\n",speed,failed); */ fprintf(f,"%d %d %d\n",speed,failed,bytes); fclose(f);
 return 0; }  else { //父进程打开管道读 f=fdopen(mypipe[0],"r"); if(f==NULL)  { perror("open pipe for reading failed."); return 3; }  setvbuf(f,NULL,_IONBF,0);  speed=0;//传输速度 failed=0;//失败请求数 bytes=0;//传输字节数  while(1) //从管道中读取每个子进程的任务执行情况，并计数 { pid=fscanf(f,"%d %d %d",&i,&j,&k); if(pid<2) { fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n"); break; }  speed+=i; failed+=j; bytes+=k;  //子进程是否读取完 /* fprintf(stderr,"*Knock* %d %d read=%d\n",speed,failed,pid); */ if(--clients==0) break; }  fclose(f); //输出测试结果 printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n", (int)((speed+failed)/(benchtime/60.0f)), (int)(bytes/(float)benchtime), speed, failed); }  return i;}

/*************功能：测试HTTPhost：地址port：端口req:http格式方法**************/
void benchcore(const char *host,const int port,const char *req){ int rlen; char buf[1500]; int s,i; struct sigaction sa;
 //安装信号 /* setup alarm signal handler */ sa.sa_handler=alarm_handler;//定时器方法 sa.sa_flags=0; if(sigaction(SIGALRM,&sa,NULL)) exit(3); //设置闹钟函数 alarm(benchtime); // after benchtime,then exit
 rlen=strlen(req); //无限执行请求，直到接收到SIGALRM信号将timerexpired设置为1时 nexttry:while(1) {
 if(timerexpired)//定时器到时后，也就是收到信号则后，会设定timerexpired=1，函数就会返回 { if(failed>0) { /* fprintf(stderr,"Correcting failed by signal\n"); */ failed--; } return; }  //连接远程服务器 ，进行HTTP请求 s=Socket(host,port); //创建连接  if(s<0) { failed++;continue;} //连接失败，failed加1 //发送请求 if(rlen!=write(s,req,rlen)) {failed++;close(s);continue;}  //如果是http/0.9则关闭socket的写操作 if(http10==0)  if(shutdown(s,1)) { failed++;close(s);continue;} //如果等到响应数据返回，则读取响应数据，计算传输的字节数 if(force==0)  { /* read all available data from socket */ while(1) { if(timerexpired) break;  i=read(s,buf,1500); /* fprintf(stderr,"%d\n",i); */ if(i<0)  {  failed++; close(s); goto nexttry; } else if(i==0) break; else bytes+=i; //读取字节数增加 } } //关闭连接 if(close(s)) {failed++;continue;} //成功完成一次请求，并计数，继续下一次相同的请求，直到超时为止 speed++;  }}

测试

下载webbench源码完成，可以借助文件传输软件WinSCP工具，上传到你的LINUX发行版上。选择一个文件夹。把webbench源码放到当前文件夹。

解压：

tar -zxvf ./webbench-1.5.tar.gz

进入webbench,然后make

如果不知道怎么使用，可以使用./webbecnh -help

测试1：

报错的原因为不是有效的URL，想知道URL是什么，可以看这里

测试2：

提示说:只有HTTP协议是直接支持的，设为代理。

测试3：

提示：无效的URL语法-主机名不以’/'结尾

测试4：

测试5：

还可以用到-c和-t两个参数，还是测试百度网站的性能情况。

-t表示测试的时间，-c表示并发访问网站的客户数。

返回的结果中有两个指标：

1. pages/min:每分输出的页面数；2. bytes/sec:每秒传输的比特数；3. succeed和failed表示请求的成功数目和失败数目；

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