SB 3.11: Calculationof Time, from the Atom

Posted 2021-04-28 圣典博伽瓦谭

SB3.11 English 来自圣典博伽瓦谭 00:00 16:06

SB 3.11.1

Translation: 

The materialmanifestation’s ultimate particle, which is indivisible and not formed into abody, is called the atom. It exists always as an invisible identity, even afterthe dissolution of all forms. The material body is but a combination of suchatoms, but it is misunderstood by the common man.

SB 3.11.2

Translation: 

Atoms are the ultimatestate of the manifest universe. When they stay in their own forms withoutforming different bodies, they are called the unlimited oneness. There arecertainly different bodies in physical forms, but the atoms themselves form thecomplete manifestation.

SB 3.11.3

Translation: 

One can estimate time bymeasuring the movement of the atomic combination of bodies. Time is the potencyof the almighty Personality of Godhead, Hari, who controls all physicalmovement although He is not visible in the physical world.

SB 3.11.4

Translation: 

Atomic time is measuredaccording to its covering a particular atomic space. That time which covers theunmanifest aggregate of atoms is called the great time.

SB 3.11.5

Translation: 

The division of gross timeis calculated as follows: two atoms make one double atom, and three doubleatoms make one hexatom. This hexatom is visible in the sunshine which entersthrough the holes of a window screen. One can clearly see that the hexatom goesup towards the sky.

SB 3.11.6

Translation: 

The time duration neededfor the integration of three trasarenus is called a truti, and one hundred trutis make one vedha.Three vedhas make one lava.

SB 3.11.7

Translation: 

The duration of time ofthree lavas is equal to one nimesa, the combination ofthree nimesas makes one ksana, five ksanas combined together make one kastha, and fifteen kasthas make one laghu.

SB 3.11.8

Translation: 

Fifteen laghus make one nadika, which is also called a danda. Two dandas make one muhurta, and six or seven dandas make one fourth ofa day or night, according to human calculation.

SB 3.11.9

Translation: 

The measuring pot for one nadika, or danda, can be preparedwith a six-pala-weight [fourteen ounce] pot of copper, in which a hole is boredwith a gold probe weighing four masa and measuring fourfingers long. When the pot is placed on water, the time before the wateroverflows in the pot is called one danda.

SB 3.11.10

Translation: 

It is calculated that thereare four praharas, which are also called yamas, in the day andfour in the night of the human being. Similarly, fifteen days and nights are afortnight, and there are two fortnights, white and black, in a month.

SB 3.11.11

Translation: 

The aggregate of twofortnights is one month, and that period is one complete day and night for thePita planets. Two of such months comprise one season, andsix months comprise one complete movement of the sun from south to north.

SB 3.11.12

Translation: 

Two solar movements makeone day and night of the demigods, and that combination of day and night is onecomplete calendar year for the human being. The human being has a duration oflife of one hundred years.

SB 3.11.13

Translation: 

Influential stars, planets,luminaries and atoms all over the universe are rotating in their respectiveorbits under the direction of the Supreme, represented by eternal kala.

SB 3.11.14

Translation: 

There are five differentnames for the orbits of the sun, moon, stars and luminaries in the firmament,and they each have their own samvatsara.

SB 3.11.15

Translation: 

O Vidura, the sun enlivensall living entities with his unlimited heat and light. He diminishes theduration of life of all living entities in order to release them from theirillusion of material attachment, and he enlarges the path of elevation to theheavenly kingdom. He thus moves in the firmament with great velocity, and thereforeeveryone should offer him respects once every five years with all ingredientsof worship.

SB 3.11.16

Translation: 

Vidura said: I nowunderstand the life durations of the residents of the Pita planets and heavenly planets as well as that of the humanbeings. Now kindly inform me of the durations of life of those greatly learnedliving entities who are beyond the range of a kalpa.

SB 3.11.17

Translation: 

O spiritually powerful one,you can understand the movements of eternal time, which is the controlling formof the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Because you are a self-realized person,you can see everything by the power of mystic vision.

SB 3.11.18

Translation: 

Maitreya said: O Vidura,the four millenniums are called the Satya-, Treta-, Dvapara- and Kali-yuga. The aggregate number of years of allof these combined is equal to twelve thousand years of the demigods.

SB 3.11.19

Translation: 

The duration of the Satyamillennium equals 4,800 years of the years of the demigods; the duration of theTreta millennium equals 3,600 years of the demigods; theduration of the Dvapara millennium equals 2,400 years;and that of the Kali millennium is 1,200 years of the demigods.

SB 3.11.20

Translation: 

The transitional periodsbefore and after every millennium, which are a few hundred years asaforementioned, are known as yuga-sandhyas, or the conjunctionsof two millenniums, according to the expert astronomers. In those periods allkinds of religious activities are performed.

SB 3.11.21

Translation: 

O Vidura, in the Satyamillennium mankind properly and completely maintained the principles ofreligion, but in other millenniums religion gradually decreased by one part asirreligion was proportionately admitted.

SB 3.11.22

Translation: 

Outside of the threeplanetary systems [Svarga, Martya and Patala], the four yugas multiplied by one thousand compriseone day on the planet of Brahma. A similar periodcomprises a night of Brahma, in which the creator of the universegoes to sleep.

SB 3.11.23

Translation: 

After the end of Brahma’s night, the creation of the three worlds begins again inthe daytime of Brahma, and they continue to exist throughthe life durations of fourteen consecutive Manus, or fathers of mankind.

SB 3.11.24

Translation: 

Each and every Manu enjoysa life of a little more than seventy-one sets of four millenniums.

SB 3.11.25

Translation: 

After the dissolution ofeach and every Manu, the next Manu comes in order, along with his descendants,who rule over the different planets; but the seven famous sages, and demigodslike Indra and their followers, such as the Gandharvas, all appearsimultaneously with Manu.

SB 3.11.26

Translation: 

In the creation, duringBrahma’s day, the three planetary systems — Svarga, Martya and Patala — revolve, and the inhabitants,including the lower animals, human beings, demigods and Pitas, appear and disappear in terms of their fruitiveactivities.

SB 3.11.27

Translation: 

In each and every change ofManu, the Supreme Personality of Godhead appears by manifesting His internalpotency in different incarnations, as Manu and others. Thus He maintains theuniverse by discovered power.

SB 3.11.28

Translation: 

At the end of the day,under the insignificant portion of the mode of darkness, the powerfulmanifestation of the universe merges in the darkness of night. By the influenceof eternal time, the innumerable living entities remain merged in thatdissolution, and everything is silent.

SB 3.11.29

Translation: 

When the night of Brahma ensues, all the three worlds are out of sight, andthe sun and the moon are without glare, just as in the due course of anordinary night.

SB 3.11.30

Translation: 

The devastation takes placedue to the fire emanating from the mouth of Sankarsana, and thus great sages like Bhrgu and other inhabitants of Maharloka transport themselvesto Janaloka, being distressed by the warmth of the blazing fire which ragesthrough the three worlds below.

SB 3.11.31

Translation: 

At the beginning of thedevastation all the seas overflow, and hurricane winds blow very violently.Thus the waves of the seas become ferocious, and in no time at all the threeworlds are full of water.

SB 3.11.32

Translation: 

The Supreme Lord, thePersonality of Godhead, lies down in the water on the seat of Ananta, with Hiseyes closed, and the inhabitants of the Janaloka planets offer unto the Lordtheir glorious prayers with folded hands.

SB 3.11.33

Translation: 

Thus the process of theexhaustion of the duration of life exists for every one of the living beings,including Lord Brahma. One’s life endures for only onehundred years, in terms of the times in the different planets.

SB 3.11.34

Translation: 

The one hundred years ofBrahma’s life are divided into two parts, the first half and thesecond half. The first half of the duration of Brahma’s life is alreadyover, and the second half is now current.

SB 3.11.35

Translation: 

In the beginning of thefirst half of Brahma’s life, there was a millennium calledBrahma-kalpa, wherein Lord Brahma appeared. Thebirth of the Vedas was simultaneous with Brahma’s birth.

SB 3.11.36

Translation: 

The millennium whichfollowed the first Brahma millennium is known as the Padma-kalpa because in that millennium the universal lotusflower grew out of the navel reservoir of water of the Personality of Godhead,Hari.

SB 3.11.37

Translation: 

O descendant of Bharata,the first millennium in the second half of the life of Brahma is also known as the Varaha millennium because the Personality of Godhead appearedin that millennium as the hog incarnation.

SB 3.11.38

Translation: 

The duration of the twoparts of Brahma’s life, as above mentioned, is calculated to be equal toone nimesa [less than a second] for the Supreme Personality ofGodhead, who is unchanging and unlimited and is the cause of all causes of theuniverse.

SB 3.11.39

Translation: 

Eternal time is certainlythe controller of different dimensions, from that of the atom up to thesuperdivisions of the duration of Brahma’s life; but,nevertheless, it is controlled by the Supreme. Time can control only those whoare body conscious, even up to the Satyaloka or the other higher planets of theuniverse.

SB 3.11.40

Translation: 

This phenomenal materialworld is expanded to a diameter of four billion miles, as a combination ofeight material elements transformed into sixteen further categories, within andwithout, as follows.

SB 3.11.41

Translation: 

The layers or elementscovering the universes are each ten times thicker than the one before, and allthe universes clustered together appear like atoms in a huge combination.

SB 3.11.42

Translation: 

The Supreme Personality ofGodhead, Sri Krsna, is therefore saidto be the original cause of all causes. Thus the spiritual abode of Visnu is eternal without a doubt, and it is also the abode ofMaha-Visnu, the origin of all manifestations.