如何统一接口测试的功能自动化和性能测试用例

Posted 2021-04-28 钧漫元泷

服务端的测试，大多数内容都围绕着接口展开。对于接口测试，无非也是功能、自动化、性能测试为主，偶然想到一个问题，如果能写一个用例，在功能、自动化、性能三者的测试场景中重复使用，肯定能省去非常多的时间。

总体思路跟之前的接口和性能框架一样，通过总的测试项目中把接口功能封装好，留出来测试参数。功能测试就写方法调用然后人肉检查，自动化的话把接口响应拿出来，然后验证各种数据，性能直接使用性能框架直接调用该方法即可。

花了点时间，做了一个Demo，分享给大家。

这是一个简易的接口请求方法，其中main方法里面是功能测试执行代码，用例是文档形式，这里就不写了：

public class Headgear extends NajmBase {

 public Headgear(NajmBase najmBase) { this.loginKey = najmBase.loginKey; this.args = najmBase.args; this.user_id = najmBase.user_id; }
 private static NajmBase base = NajmBase.getBase(0);
 public static Headgear drive = new Headgear(base);

 /** * 当前正在使用的头套 */
 public int usingHeadgearId;
 // public JSONObject headgearInfo = new JSONObject(); public Map<Integer, Long> headgearInfo = new HashMap<>();
 public static void main(String[] args) {// NajmBase.getUserBalance(base.user_id);// int type = 1, id = 36, packageId = 60, num = 1, price = 1;// NajmBase base1 = new NajmBase(V580User.getUserName(0));// Headgear headgear = new Headgear();// headgear.switchHeadgear(34);// output(headgear.getHeadgearInfo());// output(headgear.getUsingHeadgearId());// output(base1.loginResponse);// drive.getAllHeadgear();// new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price);// drive.getUserHeadgearInfo();// NajmBase.getUserBalance(base.user_id);// drive.getUserHeadgearInfo();// drive.getOnsaleHeadgear(); int times = 0; while (true) { times++; int type = 1, id = getRandomInt(2) == 1 ? 34 : 36, packageId = id == 34 ? 56 : 60, num = 1, price = 1; long deadtime1 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id); Verify verify = new Verify(new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price)); drive.getUserHeadgearInfo(); long deadtime2 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id); if (deadtime2 - deadtime1 != DAY) break; } output("一共进行了：" + times);// output(drive.getHeadgearInfo());// output(drive.usingHeadgear);// output(drive.loginKey);// output(drive.args);// output(base.loginResponse.getJSONObject(DATAINFO).getJSONObject("headGear").getInt("id")); testOver(); }
 /** * 获取所有头套信息，包括下架的 * * @return */ public JSONObject getAllHeadgear() { String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.GET_ALL_HEADGEAR; HttpGet httpGet = getHttpGet(url); JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(httpGet); output(response); return response; }
 /** * 用户切换头套接口 * * @param hid * @return */ public JSONObject switchHeadgear(int hid) { String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.SWITCH_HEADGEAR + hid + changeJsonToArguments(args); HttpPost httpPost = getHttpPost(url); JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(httpPost);// output(response); return response; }
 /** * 获取用户头套信息 * * @return */ public JSONObject getUserHeadgearInfo() { sleep(1); String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.GET_USER_HEADGEAR; JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(getHttpGet(url, args)); output(response); if (isRightResponse(response)) { headgearInfo.clear(); JSONArray jsonArray = response.getJSONArray(DATAINFO); jsonArray.forEach(json -> { JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.fromObject(json.toString()) ; String name = jsonObject.getString("name") ; long deadTime = jsonObject.getLong("deadlineTime") ; int headgearId = jsonObject.getInt("goodId") ; int use = jsonObject.getInt("isUse") ; if (use == 1) usingHeadgearId = headgearId; headgearInfo.put(headgearId, deadTime); output(name, headgearId, getTimeByTimestamp(deadTime)); } ); } return response; }
 /** * 获取在售的头套的列表 * * @return */ public JSONObject getOnsaleHeadgear() { String url = HOST + HeadgearApiPath.GET_ONSALE_HEADGEAR; JSONObject response = getHttpResponseEntityByJson(getHttpGet(url, args)); output(response); return response; }
 public int getUsingHeadgearId() { getUserHeadgearInfo(); return usingHeadgearId; }
 public Map<Integer, Long> getHeadgearInfo() { getUserHeadgearInfo(); return headgearInfo; }
}

下面是基于该功能的自动化测试用例，main方法里面是调试用例的过程，执行用例的方法在之前的文章写过，利用反射去记录用例信息和执行测试用例，并保存测试结果，输出测试报告，异常预警等等：

/** * 用户0-10 */public class HeadgearCase extends SourceCode { static HeadgearCase headgearCase = new HeadgearCase(); static NajmBase base = new NajmBase(V580User.getUserName(0)); static Headgear drive = new Headgear(base);
 public static void main(String[] args) {// headgearCase.testDemo001();// headgearCase.testDemo002();// headgearCase.testDemo003();// headgearCase.testDemo004(); headgearCase.testDemo005();// headgearCase.testDemo006(); ApiLibrary.testOver(); }
 /** * 获取所有头套信息用例 */ public void testDemo001() { String label = "获取所有头套信息用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1]; Verify verify = new Verify(drive.getAllHeadgear()); JSONObject result = new JSONObject(); result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight()); result.put("包含数组", verify.isArray("heads")); result.put("包含已下架的头套", verify.isContains("自动化专用3")); result.put("包含正在出售的头套", verify.isContains("自动化专用1")); mysqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result); }
 /** * 获取在售的头套用例 */ public void testDemo002() { String label = "获取在售的头套用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1]; Verify verify = new Verify(drive.getOnsaleHeadgear()); JSONObject result = new JSONObject(); result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight()); result.put("包含数组", verify.isArray("dataInfo")); result.put("不包含已下架的头套", !verify.isContains("自动化专用3")); result.put("包含正在出售的头套", verify.isContains("自动化专用1")); result.put("包含描述信息", verify.isContains("测试10天")); MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result); }
 /** * 获取用户头套信息用例 */ public void testDemo003() { String label = "获取用户头套信息用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1]; Verify verify = new Verify(drive.getUserHeadgearInfo()); JSONObject result = new JSONObject(); result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight()); result.put("用户头套正常", verify.isContains("自动化专用1")); result.put("用户佩戴正常", verify.isContains("\"isUse\":1")); result.put("头套套餐正常", verify.isContains("测试1天")); MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result); }
 /** * 余额不足购买用例 */ public void testDemo004() { String label = "余额不足购买用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1]; NajmBase base = new NajmBase(V580User.getUserName(1)); int type = 1, id = 36, packageId = 60, num = 1, price = 1; Verify verify = new Verify(new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price)); JSONObject result = new JSONObject(); result.put("状态码为35", 35 == verify.getCode()); MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result); }
 /** * 正常购买用例 */ public void testDemo005() { String label = "正常购买用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1]; int type = 1, id = getRandomInt(2) == 1 ? 34 : 36, packageId = id == 34 ? 56 : 60, num = 1, price = 1; int balance = NajmBase.getUserBalance(drive.user_id); long deadtime1 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id); Verify verify = new Verify(new MallBase(base).buy(type, id, packageId, num, price)); drive.getUserHeadgearInfo(); long deadtime2 = drive.getHeadgearInfo().get(id); int balance1 = NajmBase.getUserBalance(drive.user_id); JSONObject result = new JSONObject(); result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight()); result.put("截止日期正确", (deadtime2 + EMPTY).equals(verify.getValue("deadlineTime"))); result.put("头套日期增加正常", deadtime2 - deadtime1 == DAY); result.put("用户余额减少正常", balance - balance1 == 1); MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result); }
 /** * 用户切换头套用例 */ public void testDemo006() { String label = "用户切换头套用例" + TAB + Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace()[1]; drive.getAllHeadgear(); int id1 = drive.getUsingHeadgearId() == 34 ? 36 : 34; Verify verify = new Verify(drive.switchHeadgear(id1)); int id2 = drive.getUsingHeadgearId(); JSONObject result = new JSONObject(); result.put("状态码为0", verify.isRight()); result.put("头套切换成功", id1 == id2); MySqlTest.saveTestResult(label, result); }}

下面是一个针对其中某个功能的性能测试用例（测试用例分两种，一类是HTTP单次请求的，我才用了获取请求的HttpRequestBase对象然后去重新发送并发请求，一类是多接口或者非HTTP请求，如dubbo，mysql，redis，消息队列等等，直接调用的方法进行压测）：

简单HTTP请求：

class CancelReason extends OkayBase{
 public static void main(String[] args) { def argsUtil = new ArgsUtil(args) def thread = argsUtil.getIntOrdefault(0, 2) def times = argsUtil.getIntOrdefault(1, 5)
 def base = getBase()  Headgear drive = new Headgear(base); drive.getAllHeadgear() def request = FanLibrary.getLastRequest()
 def timesthread = new RequestThreadTimes(request, times) new Concurrent(timesthread, thread,"获取所有头套,内容流转二期压测接口").start()
 allOver() }}

非简单HTTP请求的请参考之前写过的性能测试框架Demo：。这类方法写起来比较简单，使用范围很高，但是需要根据不同的业务需求解决多线程数据和对象的安全问题。

整个项目放在git上，功能测试在本地，自动化项目和性能项目在服务器，采用Groovy脚本运行，也可以在本地调试。自动化项目采取定时或者间隔固定时间自动运行，性能项目收到输入命令groovy filename.groovy来运行。

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