Posted 2021-04-26 娣卞叆鍘熺悊

鐐瑰嚮馃憜钃濊壊鈥?nbsp;娣卞叆鍘熺悊鈥濓紝鍏虫敞骞垛€?/span>璁句负鏄熸爣鈥?/span>

鎶€鏈共璐э紝绗竴鏃堕棿鎺ㄩ€?/span>

涓轰粈涔堜笉鏄?HTTP/2.0

浣犱竴瀹氬緢鎯崇煡閬擄紝涓轰粈涔?HTTP/2 涓嶅儚涔嬪墠鐨勨€?.0鈥濃€?.1鈥濋偅鏍峰彨鈥?.0鈥濆憿锛?/span>

杩欎釜涔熸槸寰堝鍒濇鎺ヨЕ HTTP/2 鐨勪汉闂殑鏈€澶氱殑涓€涓棶棰橈紝瀵规 HTTP/2 宸ヤ綔缁勭壒鍒粰鍑轰簡瑙ｉ噴銆?/span>

浠栦滑璁や负浠ュ墠鐨勨€?.0鈥濃€?.1鈥濋€犳垚浜嗗緢澶氱殑娣蜂贡鍜岃瑙ｏ紝璁╀汉鍦ㄥ疄闄呯殑浣跨敤涓毦浠ュ尯鍒嗗樊寮傦紝鎵€浠ュ氨鍐冲畾 HTTP 鍗忚涓嶅啀浣跨敤灏忕増鏈彿锛坢inor version锛夛紝鍙娇鐢ㄥぇ鐗堟湰鍙凤紙major version锛夛紝浠庝粖寰€鍚?HTTP 鍗忚涓嶄細鍑虹幇 HTTP/2.0銆?.1锛屽彧浼氭湁鈥淗TTP/2鈥濃€淗TTP/3鈥濃€︹€?/span>

杩欐牱灏卞彲浠ユ槑纭棤璇湴杈ㄥ埆鍑哄崗璁増鏈殑鈥滆穬杩涚▼搴︹€濓紝璁╁崗璁湪涓€娈佃緝闀跨殑鏃舵湡鍐呬繚鎸佺ǔ瀹氾紝姣忓綋鍙戝竷鏂扮増鏈殑 HTTP 鍗忚閮戒細鏈夋湰璐ㄧ殑涓嶅悓锛岀粷涓嶄細鏈夆€滈浂鏁茬鎵撯€濈殑灏忔敼鑹€?/span>

鍏煎 HTTP/1

鐢变簬 HTTPS 宸茬粡鍦ㄥ畨鍏ㄦ柟闈㈠仛鐨勯潪甯稿ソ浜嗭紝鎵€浠?HTTP/2 鐨勫敮涓€鐩爣灏辨槸鏀硅繘鎬ц兘銆?/span>

浣嗗畠涓嶄粎鑳岃礋鐫€浼楀鐨勬湡寰咃紝鍚屾椂杩樿儗璐熺潃 HTTP/1 搴炲ぇ鐨勫巻鍙插寘琚憋紝鎵€浠ュ崗璁殑淇敼蹇呴』灏忓績璋ㄦ厧锛屽吋瀹规€ф槸棣栬鑰冭檻鐨勭洰鏍囷紝鍚﹀垯灏变細鐮村潖浜掕仈缃戜笂鏃犳暟鐜版湁鐨勮祫浜э紝杩欐柟闈?TLS 宸茬粡鏈変簡鍏堜緥锛堜负浜嗗吋瀹?TLS1.2 涓嶅緱涓嶈繘琛屸€滀吉瑁呪€濓級銆?/span>

閭ｄ箞锛孒TTP/2 鏄€庝箞鍋氱殑鍛紵

鍥犱负蹇呴』瑕佷繚鎸佸姛鑳戒笂鐨勫吋瀹癸紝鎵€浠?HTTP/2 鎶?HTTP 鍒嗚В鎴愪簡鈥?/span>璇箟鈥濆拰鈥?/span>璇硶鈥濅袱涓儴鍒嗭紝鈥滆涔夆€濆眰涓嶅仛鏀瑰姩锛屼笌 HTTP/1 瀹屽叏涓€鑷达紙鍗?RFC7231锛夈€傛瘮濡傝姹傛柟娉曘€乁RI銆佺姸鎬佺爜銆佸ご瀛楁绛夋蹇甸兘淇濈暀涓嶅彉锛岃繖鏍峰氨娑堥櫎浜嗗啀瀛︿範鐨勬垚鏈紝鍩轰簬 HTTP 鐨勪笂灞傚簲鐢ㄤ篃涓嶉渶瑕佸仛浠讳綍淇敼锛屽彲浠ユ棤缂濊浆鎹㈠埌 HTTP/2銆?/span>

鐗瑰埆瑕佽鐨勬槸锛屼笌 HTTPS 涓嶅悓锛孒TTP/2 娌℃湁鍦?URI 閲屽紩鍏ユ柊鐨勫崗璁悕锛屼粛鐒剁敤鈥渉ttp鈥濊〃绀烘槑鏂囧崗璁紝鐢ㄢ€渉ttps鈥濊〃绀哄姞瀵嗗崗璁€?/span>

杩欐槸涓€涓潪甯镐簡涓嶈捣鐨勫喅瀹氾紝鍙互璁╂祻瑙堝櫒鎴栬€呮湇鍔″櫒鍘昏嚜鍔ㄥ崌绾ф垨闄嶇骇鍗忚锛屽厤鍘讳簡閫夋嫨鐨勯夯鐑︼紝璁╃敤鎴峰湪涓婄綉鐨勬椂鍊欓兘鎰忚瘑涓嶅埌鍗忚鐨勫垏鎹紝瀹炵幇骞虫粦杩囨浮銆?/span>

鍦ㄢ€滆涔夆€濅繚鎸佺ǔ瀹氫箣鍚庯紝HTTP/2 鍦ㄢ€滆娉曗€濆眰鍋氫簡鈥滃ぉ缈诲湴瑕嗏€濈殑鏀归€狅紝瀹屽叏鍙樻洿浜?HTTP 鎶ユ枃鐨勪紶杈撴牸寮忋€?/span>

澶撮儴鍘嬬缉

棣栧厛锛孒TTP/2 瀵规姤鏂囩殑澶撮儴鍋氫簡涓€涓€滃ぇ鎵嬫湳鈥濄€?/span>

閫氳繃鈥滆繘闃剁瘒鈥濈殑瀛︿範浣犲簲璇ョ煡閬擄紝HTTP/1 閲屽彲浠ョ敤澶村瓧娈碘€淐ontent-Encoding鈥濇寚瀹?Body 鐨勭紪鐮佹柟寮忥紝姣斿鐢?gzip 鍘嬬缉鏉ヨ妭绾﹀甫瀹斤紝浣嗘姤鏂囩殑鍙︿竴涓粍鎴愰儴鍒嗏€斺€擧eader 鍗磋鏃犺浜嗭紝娌℃湁閽堝瀹冪殑浼樺寲鎵嬫銆?/span>

鐢变簬鎶ユ枃 Header 涓€鑸細鎼哄甫鈥淯ser Agent鈥濃€淐ookie鈥濃€淎ccept鈥濃€淪erver鈥濈瓑璁稿鍥哄畾鐨勫ご瀛楁锛屽杈惧嚑鐧惧瓧鑺傜敋鑷充笂鍗冨瓧鑺傦紝浣?Body 鍗寸粡甯稿彧鏈夊嚑鍗佸瓧鑺傦紙姣斿 GET 璇锋眰銆?04/301/304 鍝嶅簲锛夛紝鎴愪簡涓嶆姌涓嶆墸鐨勨€滃ぇ澶村効瀛愨€濄€傛洿瑕佸懡鐨勬槸锛屾垚鍗冧笂涓囩殑璇锋眰鍝嶅簲鎶ユ枃閲屾湁寰堝瀛楁鍊奸兘鏄噸澶嶇殑锛岄潪甯告氮璐癸紝鈥滈暱灏炬晥搴斺€濆鑷村ぇ閲忓甫瀹芥秷鑰楀湪浜嗚繖浜涘啑浣欏害鏋侀珮鐨勬暟鎹笂銆?/span>

鎵€浠ワ紝HTTP/2 鎶娾€?/span>澶撮儴鍘嬬缉鈥濅綔涓烘€ц兘鏀硅繘鐨勪竴涓噸鐐癸紝浼樺寲鐨勬柟寮忎綘涔熻偗瀹氳兘鎯冲埌锛岃繕鏄€滃帇缂┾€濄€?/span>

涓嶈繃 HTTP/2 骞舵病鏈変娇鐢ㄤ紶缁熺殑鍘嬬缉绠楁硶锛岃€屾槸寮€鍙戜簡涓撻棬鐨勨€?/span>HPACK鈥濈畻娉曪紝鍦ㄥ鎴风鍜屾湇鍔″櫒涓ょ寤虹珛鈥滃瓧鍏糕€濓紝鐢ㄧ储寮曞彿琛ㄧず閲嶅鐨勫瓧绗︿覆锛岃繕閲嗙敤鍝堝か鏇肩紪鐮佹潵鍘嬬缉鏁存暟鍜屽瓧绗︿覆锛屽彲浠ヨ揪鍒?50%~90% 鐨勯珮鍘嬬缉鐜囥€?/span>

浜岃繘鍒舵牸寮?/span>

浣犲彲鑳藉凡缁忓緢涔犳儻浜?HTTP/1 閲岀函鏂囨湰褰㈠紡鐨勬姤鏂囦簡锛屽畠鐨勪紭鐐规槸鈥滀竴鐩簡鐒垛€濓紝鐢ㄦ渶绠€鍗曠殑宸ュ叿灏卞彲浠ュ紑鍙戣皟璇曪紝闈炲父鏂逛究銆?/span>

浣?HTTP/2 鍦ㄨ繖鏂归潰娌℃湁鈥滃Ε鍗忊€濓紝鍐冲畾鏀瑰彉寤剁画浜嗗崄澶氬勾鐨勭幇鐘讹紝涓嶅啀浣跨敤鑲夌溂鍙鐨?ASCII 鐮侊紝鑰屾槸鍚戜笅灞傜殑 TCP/IP 鍗忚鈥滈潬鎷⑩€濓紝鍏ㄩ潰閲囩敤浜岃繘鍒舵牸寮忋€?/span>

杩欐牱铏界劧瀵逛汉涓嶅弸濂斤紝浣嗗嵈澶уぇ鏂逛究浜嗚绠楁満鐨勮В鏋愩€傚師鏉ヤ娇鐢ㄧ函鏂囨湰鐨勬椂鍊欏鏄撳嚭鐜板涔夋€э紝姣斿澶у皬鍐欍€佺┖鐧藉瓧绗︺€佸洖杞︽崲琛屻€佸瀛楀皯瀛楃瓑绛夛紝绋嬪簭鍦ㄥ鐞嗘椂蹇呴』鐢ㄥ鏉傜殑鐘舵€佹満锛屾晥鐜囦綆锛岃繕楹荤儲銆?/span>

鑰屼簩杩涘埗閲屽彧鏈夆€?鈥濆拰鈥?鈥濓紝鍙互涓ユ牸瑙勫畾瀛楁澶у皬銆侀『搴忋€佹爣蹇椾綅绛夋牸寮忥紝鈥滃灏辨槸瀵癸紝閿欏氨鏄敊鈥濓紝瑙ｆ瀽璧锋潵娌℃湁姝т箟锛屽疄鐜扮畝鍗曪紝鑰屼笖浣撶Н灏忋€侀€熷害蹇紝鍋氬埌鈥滃唴閮ㄦ彁鏁堚€濄€?/span>

浠ヤ簩杩涘埗鏍煎紡涓哄熀纭€锛孒TTP/2 灏卞紑濮嬩簡鈥滃ぇ鍒€闃旀枾鈥濈殑鏀归潻銆?/span>

瀹冩妸 TCP 鍗忚鐨勯儴鍒嗙壒鎬ф尓鍒颁簡搴旂敤灞傦紝鎶婂師鏉ョ殑鈥淗eader+Body鈥濈殑娑堟伅鈥滄墦鏁ｂ€濅负鏁颁釜灏忕墖鐨?/span>浜岃繘鍒垛€滃抚鈥?/span>锛團rame锛夛紝鐢ㄢ€淗EADERS鈥濆抚瀛樻斁澶存暟鎹€佲€淒ATA鈥濆抚瀛樻斁瀹炰綋鏁版嵁銆?/span>

杩欑鍋氭硶鏈夌偣鍍忔槸鈥淐hunked鈥濆垎鍧楃紪鐮佺殑鏂瑰紡锛堝弬瑙?/span>绗?16 璁?span data-slate-object="text" data-key="100">锛夛紝涔熸槸鈥滃寲鏁翠负闆垛€濈殑鎬濊矾锛屼絾 HTTP/2 鏁版嵁鍒嗗抚鍚庘€淗eader+Body鈥濈殑鎶ユ枃缁撴瀯灏卞畬鍏ㄦ秷澶变簡锛屽崗璁湅鍒扮殑鍙槸涓€涓釜鐨勨€滅鐗団€濄€?/span>

铏氭嫙鐨勨€滄祦鈥?/span>

娑堟伅鐨勨€滅鐗団€濆埌杈剧洰鐨勫湴鍚庡簲璇ユ€庝箞缁勮璧锋潵鍛紵

HTTP/2 涓烘瀹氫箟浜嗕竴涓€?/span>娴?/span>鈥濓紙Stream锛夌殑姒傚康锛?/span>瀹冩槸浜岃繘鍒跺抚鐨勫弻鍚戜紶杈撳簭鍒?/span>锛屽悓涓€涓秷鎭線杩旂殑甯т細鍒嗛厤涓€涓敮涓€鐨勬祦 ID銆備綘鍙互鎯宠薄鎶婂畠鎴愭槸涓€涓櫄鎷熺殑鈥滄暟鎹祦鈥濓紝鍦ㄩ噷闈㈡祦鍔ㄧ殑鏄竴涓叉湁鍏堝悗椤哄簭鐨勬暟鎹抚锛岃繖浜涙暟鎹抚鎸夌収娆″簭缁勮璧锋潵灏辨槸 HTTP/1 閲岀殑璇锋眰鎶ユ枃鍜屽搷搴旀姤鏂囥€?/span>

鍥犱负鈥滄祦鈥濇槸铏氭嫙鐨勶紝瀹為檯涓婂苟涓嶅瓨鍦紝鎵€浠?HTTP/2 灏卞彲浠ュ湪涓€涓?TCP 杩炴帴涓婄敤鈥?/span>娴?/span>鈥濆悓鏃跺彂閫佸涓€滅鐗囧寲鈥濈殑娑堟伅锛岃繖灏辨槸甯歌鐨勨€?/span>澶氳矾澶嶇敤鈥濓紙 Multiplexing锛夆€斺€斿涓線杩旈€氫俊閮藉鐢ㄤ竴涓繛鎺ユ潵澶勭悊銆?/span>

鍦ㄢ€滄祦鈥濈殑灞傞潰涓婄湅锛屾秷鎭槸涓€浜涙湁搴忕殑鈥滃抚鈥濆簭鍒楋紝鑰屽湪鈥滆繛鎺モ€濈殑灞傞潰涓婄湅锛屾秷鎭嵈鏄贡搴忔敹鍙戠殑鈥滃抚鈥濄€傚涓姹?/ 鍝嶅簲涔嬮棿娌℃湁浜嗛『搴忓叧绯伙紝涓嶉渶瑕佹帓闃熺瓑寰咃紝涔熷氨涓嶄細鍐嶅嚭鐜扳€滈槦澶撮樆濉炩€濋棶棰橈紝闄嶄綆浜嗗欢杩燂紝澶у箙搴︽彁楂樹簡杩炴帴鐨勫埄鐢ㄧ巼銆?/span>

涓轰簡鏇村ソ鍦板埄鐢ㄨ繛鎺ワ紝鍔犲ぇ鍚炲悙閲忥紝HTTP/2 杩樻坊鍔犱簡涓€浜涙帶鍒跺抚鏉ョ鐞嗚櫄鎷熺殑鈥滄祦鈥濓紝瀹炵幇浜嗕紭鍏堢骇鍜屾祦閲忔帶鍒讹紝杩欎簺鐗规€т篃鍜?TCP 鍗忚闈炲父鐩镐技銆?/span>

HTTP/2 杩樺湪涓€瀹氱▼搴︿笂鏀瑰彉浜嗕紶缁熺殑鈥滆姹?- 搴旂瓟鈥濆伐浣滄ā寮忥紝鏈嶅姟鍣ㄤ笉鍐嶆槸瀹屽叏琚姩鍦板搷搴旇姹傦紝涔熷彲浠ユ柊寤衡€滄祦鈥濅富鍔ㄥ悜瀹㈡埛绔彂閫佹秷鎭€傛瘮濡傦紝鍦ㄦ祻瑙堝櫒鍒氳姹?HTML 鐨勬椂鍊欏氨鎻愬墠鎶婂彲鑳戒細鐢ㄥ埌鐨?JS銆丆SS 鏂囦欢鍙戠粰瀹㈡埛绔紝鍑忓皯绛夊緟鐨勫欢杩燂紝杩欒绉颁负鈥?/span>鏈嶅姟鍣ㄦ帹閫?/span>鈥濓紙Server Push锛屼篃鍙?Cache Push锛夈€?/span>

寮哄寲瀹夊叏

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