Posted 2021-04-25 java杩涢樁鏋舵瀯甯?/a>

澶у濂斤紝鎴戞槸楂樺喎灏辨槸鑼冨効锛屽ソ涔呬笉瑙併€傝繃浜嗕竴涓厜妫嶈妭锛屼汉鐩稿綋鎳掓暎锛屼竴鏃舵病鍟ョ伒鎰燂紝鏂囩珷鏇存柊閫熷害杈冩參锛屾姳姝夈€傪煒婁粖澶╂垜浠户缁潵鑱婅璁℃ā寮忚繖涓瘽棰樸€傚墠闈㈠凡缁忚杩囧嚑涓ā寮忥紝濡傛灉娌℃湁闃呰杩囩殑鏈嬪弸鍙互鍥為【涓€涓嬨€?/p>

鍓嶆枃鍥為【

馃憠銆愬師鍒涖€?/span>
馃憠
馃憠銆愬師鍒涖€?/span>

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馃憠

閭ｄ箞锛屼粖澶╂垜浠鏉ヨ亰鐨勬槸閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮?/strong>锛岃繖涓ā寮忓拰涓婄瘒璁茶繃鐨勪唬鐞嗘ā寮忎竴鏍凤紝涔熸槸灞炰簬GOF23鐨?span>缁撴瀯鍨嬫ā寮?/strong>涓殑涓€涓ā寮忋€?/p>

寮曞瓙

鉂?span>浣曚负閫傞厤鍣紵

寰堢粡鍏哥殑涓€涓緥瀛愶紝灏辨槸鎻掑骇锛屽涓嬪浘锛?/p>

鍋囪锛屼竴鍙扮數鑴戦渶瑕佺敤鐢碉紝浠栫殑鎻掑ご鏄袱椤规彃澶达紝浣嗘槸鍛紝鎻掑骇鍗村彧鏈変笁椤规彃瀛旂殑銆傛€庝箞鍔烇紵鎻掑骇灏卞湪閭ｉ噷锛屾槸涓嶅彲鑳芥敼鍙樼殑銆傛垜浠€讳笉鑳戒负浜嗙數鑴戠敤涓數鎶婃暣涓數鑴戞崲浜嗗惂锛熶笉鐜板疄锛侀偅鎴戜滑甯哥敤鐨勫仛娉曞氨鏄拱涓€涓浆鎺ュご锛屼竴闈㈡槸涓ら」鎻掑瓟锛屼竴闈㈡槸涓夐」鎻掑瓟銆傝繖鏍峰氨寰堝ソ鐨勮В鍐充簡杩欎釜闂銆?/p>

杩欎釜鐢熸椿涓父瑙佺殑鍦烘櫙灏辨槸缁忓吀鐨勯€傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑浣撶幇銆?/p>

閭ｇ幇鍦ㄨ鎴戠敤浠ｇ爜鏉ュ疄鐜颁竴涓嬶紝濡備笅锛?/p>

//涓夐」鎻掑骇
public class Dominate{
  public void cost(){
    ... //鐢ㄧ數閫昏緫
  }
}

//鐢佃剳
public interface Computer{
  void run();
}

鐜板湪鐢佃剳杩愯闇€瑕佷娇鐢ㄧ數锛岃鐧戒簡锛?code class="mq-53">Computer鎴栬€咃紙瀹炵幇绫伙級鐨?code class="mq-54">run()闇€瑕佽皟鐢?code class="mq-55">Dominate鐨?code class="mq-56">cost()鏂规硶锛屾€庝箞鍔烇紵浣犲彲鑳戒細濡備笅瀹炵幇锛?/p>

public class Adaptor implements Computer extends Dominate{
  public void run(){
    cost();
  }
}

涓婇潰浠ｇ爜涓殑Adaptor鎻愪緵浜嗕竴涓腑闂寸殑閫傞厤鍣ㄨ鑹诧紝鍥犱负瑕佷互Computer鐨勬柟寮忓幓浣跨敤锛屾墍浠ラ渶瑕佸疄鐜?code class="mq-75">Computer鎺ュ彛锛屽洜涓哄叾run()鏂规硶闇€瑕佷娇鐢ㄥ埌Dominate鐨?code class="mq-78">cost()閫昏緫锛屾墍浠ワ紝閫氳繃缁ф壙Dominate鏂瑰紡灏卞彲浠ュ疄鐜拌繖涓渶姹傘€傝繖鏍蜂箣鍚庯紝鎴戦渶瑕佷娇鐢ㄧ數鑴戯紝鎴戜笉鍦ㄧ洿鎺ュ幓璋冪敤Computer鐨?code class="mq-81">run()浜嗭紝鍥犱负杩欎釜閲岄潰娌℃湁鐢碉紝鎴戦€氳繃璋冪敤Adaptor鐨?code class="mq-83">run()鏂规硶鍘讳娇鐢ㄧ數鑴戝氨鍙互浜嗐€?/p>

涓婇潰杩欐牱鐨勬柟寮忓緢濂界殑瑙ｅ喅浜嗗洜涓烘彃瀛斾笉鍏煎鑰屽鑷寸殑闂銆傝繖绉嶆柟寮忔湁浠€涔堥棶棰樺悧锛?/p>

鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾锛孞ava鏄崟缁ф壙鐨勶紝涓婇潰閲囩敤缁ф壙鏂瑰紡鏉ヨ揪鍒拌皟鐢?code class="mq-86">Dominate鐨?code class="mq-87">cost()鏂规硶鐨勭洰鐨勶紝杩欐牱涔熷氨鎰忓懗鐫€Adaptor浠ュ悗鏃犳硶鍐嶇户鎵垮叾瀹冪殑绫绘潵鎵╁睍锛岃繖鎴栧鎴栧皯浼氬奖鍝嶅埌浠ュ悗鐨勬墿灞曟€с€?/p>

鏇村叧閿殑鏄紝杩樿寰楃涓€澶╄杩囩殑鍑犲ぇ璁捐鍘熷垯鍚楋紵杩欎釜鍦版柟灏卞張娑夊強鍒颁簡涓€涓璁″師鍒欙紝鍙仛缁勫悎鑱氬悎澶嶇敤鍘熷垯銆?/strong>

缁勫悎鑱氬悎澶嶇敤鍘熷垯鎻愬€★紝杞欢澶嶇敤浼樺厛浣跨敤缁勫悎鎴栬€呰仛鍚堝叧绯诲鐢紝灏戠敤缁ф壙鍏崇郴澶嶇敤銆?/p>

涓轰粈涔堝憿锛?/p>

杩欒竟鎴戜笉鐗瑰埆灞曞紑鍏充簬缁勫悎鍜岀户鎵跨殑闃愯堪銆備竴鑸潵璇达紝缁ф壙鐨勬柟寮忕敤浜庣湡鐨勬槸鍏锋湁鈥淚s锛岮鈥濈殑鐖跺瓙鍏崇郴銆傝€屾垜浠殑渚嬪瓙涓紝鎴戜滑鐨勯€傞厤鍣ㄥ彧鏄兂鍘昏皟鐢ㄦ彃搴х殑鐢ㄧ數閫昏緫锛屼絾瀹冩湰韬彲骞朵笉灞炰簬鎻掑骇鍝︼紵鑰屼笖缁ф壙鍏崇郴浼氬鑷寸被鍜岀被涔嬮棿鑰﹀悎鎬у澶э紝涓嶅埄浜庣被鐨勬墿灞曘€佸鐢ㄥ拰缁存姢銆?/p>

鍏跺疄绛変綘鐪嬪埌鍚庨潰鐨勪竴浜涙ā寮忥紝浣犱細瀵规鏇存湁浣撲細锛屽湪寰堝鍦哄悎涓嬶紝鐢ㄧ粍鍚堟柟寮忔墿灞曡璁★紝浼氭瘮缁ф壙鏂瑰紡鐏垫椿寰堝锛岀敋鑷冲ソ澶氭ā寮忓氨鏄敤缁勫悎妯″紡鏉ヨВ鍐崇户鎵挎柟寮忎笉鏄撴墿灞曠殑寮婄梾銆?/p>

鎵€浠ヤ笂闈緥瀛愶紝鎴戜滑鍙互浣跨敤缁勫悎鏂瑰紡鍔犱互鏀归€狅紝濡備笅锛?/p>

public class Adaptor implements Computer{
  private Dominate dominate;
  //鐪佺暐鏋勯€犲櫒
  public void run(){
    dominate.cost();
  }
}

杩欐牱灏卞緢杞绘澗鐨勮В鍐充簡杩欎釜闂銆?/p>

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮?/span>

鍋氫釜灏忔€荤粨锛?span>閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮?/strong>灏辨槸瑙ｅ喅杩欐牱涓€绉嶅満鏅紝瀹㈡埛绔渶瑕侀€氳繃涓€绉嶆柟寮忥紙鎴栬€呮帴鍙ｈ鑼冿級鍘昏闂垨鑰呬娇鐢ㄥ彟涓€涓凡缁忓瓨鍦ㄧ殑鎺ュ彛锛屼絾鏄敱浜庡悇绫诲師鍥狅紝娌℃湁鍔炴硶鐩存帴鍘昏皟鐢ㄣ€傝繖涓椂鍊欏彲浠ユ彁渚涗竴涓嬩腑闂村獟浠嬩綔涓洪€傞厤鍣ㄥ璞★紝鍦ㄥ叾鍐呴儴灏嗘帴鍙ｅ仛涓€涓嬭浆鎹紝鐒跺悗瀹㈡埛绔氨鍙互椤哄埄鐨勯€氳繃璁块棶閫傞厤鍣ㄧ殑鏂瑰紡鍘昏闂洰鏍囨帴鍙ｄ簡銆?/p>

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑瀹炵幇鏈変袱绉嶏紝灏辨槸涓婇潰灞曠ず鐨勪袱绉嶏紝涓€绉嶆槸閫氳繃缁ф壙鏂瑰紡锛屽彟涓€绉嶆槸閫氳繃缁勫悎鏂瑰紡瀹炵幇鐨勩€傝€冭檻鍒癑ava鐨勫崟缁ф壙鐗圭偣锛屽姞涓婄粍鍚堣仛鍚堝鐢ㄨ璁″師鍒欙紝涓€鑸兘浼氶噰鐢ㄧ粍鍚堟柟寮忓疄鐜般€?/p>

閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑浼樼偣涔熷緢鏄庢樉锛屽畠浣垮緱鍦ㄤ笉闇€瑕佷慨鏀瑰凡鏈変唬鐮佺殑鍓嶆彁涓嬶紝鐩存帴閲嶇敤鐜版湁鐨勭被搴撲唬鐮併€傝€屼笖瀹炵幇璧锋潵寰堢畝鍗曪紝涔熷緢瀹规槗鐞嗚В銆傚彟澶栧浜庡鎴风鑰岃█锛岄€傞厤鍣ㄨ繖绉嶅吋瀹硅浆鎹笉鍚屾帴鍙ｇ殑鏂瑰紡鏄湪鍏跺唴閮ㄥ疄鐜扮殑锛屽浜庡鎴风鑰岃█鏄畬鍏ㄩ€忔槑鐨勶紝瀹㈡埛绔棤闇€浜嗚В鐩爣鎺ュ彛鐨勭粏鑺傦紝鍙渶瑕佹寜鐓у綋鍓嶆帴鍙ｇ殑瑙勮寖鍘昏皟鐢ㄥ嵆鍙€?/p>

瀹為檯搴旂敤鍦烘櫙

閫傞厤鍣ㄥ湪瀹為檯寮€鍙戜腑搴旂敤涔熸槸鐩稿綋骞挎硾銆備笅闈㈡垜涓惧嚑涓緢鍏稿瀷浣跨敤閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忕殑渚嬪瓙鏉ヨ鏄庯紝鐩镐俊澶у鐪嬪畬鍚庝細鏈夋洿鍔犳竻鏅扮殑璁よ瘑銆?/p>

榛樿閫傞厤鍣?/h3>

棣栧厛鎴戝厛璁蹭竴涓湁鐐圭壒娈婄殑瀹為檯搴旂敤鍦烘櫙锛岀浉淇″ぇ瀹堕兘鏇剧粡閬囧埌杩囥€?/p>

鍋囪鐜板湪鏈変竴涓狝鎺ュ彛锛岃繖涓帴鍙ｉ噷闈㈠畾涔変簡闈炲父澶氱殑鎺ュ彛鏂规硶m1()锛?code class="mq-126">m2()锛?code class="mq-127">m3()......閽堝涓嶅悓鍔熻兘鐐癸紝鐒跺悗鍏跺疄鐜扮被涔熸槸鏍规嵁涓嶅悓鐨勫姛鑳藉A鎺ュ彛杩涜瀹炵幇锛屼絾鏄瘡涓疄鐜扮被鍙兘鍙渶瑕佸疄鐜板叾涓嚜宸卞叧娉ㄧ殑閭ｄ釜鏂规硶鍗冲彲锛岃嚦浜庡叾浣欐棤鍏崇殑鏂规硶鎴戝苟涓嶆兂瀹炵幇銆備絾鏄疛ava璇硶闄愬埗锛屽鏋滀竴涓疄浣撶被瑕佸疄鐜颁竴涓帴鍙ｏ紝蹇呴』闇€瑕佸疄鐜板叾鎵€鏈夋娊璞℃柟娉曘€傝繖涔熷氨鎰忓懗鐫€浠栦細灏嗚嚜宸卞叧娉ㄧ殑閭ｄ釜鏂规硶瀹炵幇锛岃€岃嚦浜庡叾浣欎笉鍏冲績閮藉彧鑳界┖瀹炵幇銆傝繖鏍风殑閫犳垚浜嗘瀬澶х殑浠ｇ爜鍐椾綑锛岃€屼笖杩欎簺鍐椾綑鐨勪唬鐮佹鏃犱紭闆呭彲瑷€锛岄櫎浜嗗崰鐢ㄧ┖闂村拰缇庤涓嶈捣浠讳綍浣滅敤銆傚涓嬪浘锛?/p>

杩欎釜鏃跺€欙紝鏈変竴绉嶆瘮杈冪壒娈婄殑閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忥紝鍙?span>榛樿閫傞厤鍣ㄦā寮?/strong>鏉ヨВ鍐宠繖涓棶棰樸€?/p>

鎬庝箞瑙ｅ喅鍛紵

鍦ㄦ帴鍙ｇ殑鐩存帴涓嬪眰锛屽畾涔変竴涓娊璞″眰浣滀负閫傞厤鍣紝灏嗘帴鍙ｇ殑鎵€鏈夋柟娉曞叏閮ㄧ┖瀹炵幇銆傝€屾墍鏈夌殑鍏蜂綋瀹炵幇绫讳笉浼氬啀鐩存帴瀹炵幇椤跺眰鎺ュ彛浜嗭紝鑰屼笖鍘昏窡杩欎釜鎶借薄灞傛墦浜ら亾锛岃繖鏍风殑璇濓紝姣忎釜鍏蜂綋瀹炵幇绫诲彧闇€瑕佸疄鐜拌嚜宸卞叧娉ㄧ殑鏂规硶鍗冲彲銆傚涓嬶紝

JDK IO杞崲娴佺殑瀹炵幇

JDK鐨処O API涓浆鎹㈡祦InputStreamReader鍜?code class="mq-138">OutputStreamWriter涔熸槸搴旂敤浜嗛€傞厤鍣ㄦā寮忥紝瀹炵幇浜嗙敱瀛楄妭娴佸埌瀛楃娴佺殑杞崲锛屼笅闈㈡垜绠€鍗曠殑甯﹀ぇ瀹舵潵鐪嬬湅鍏跺疄鐜般€?/p>

OutputStreamWriter缁ф壙浜?code class="mq-141">Writer锛堢洰鏍囨帴鍙ｏ級锛屽苟涓旈噸鍐欎簡Writer鎵€鏈夋牳蹇冪殑鏂规硶銆備絾鏄垜浠幇鍦ㄥ彧鑳芥彁渚涗竴涓瓧鑺傛祦OutputStream绫诲瀷锛?code class="mq-144">OutputStreamWriter鍐呬細灏嗗叾灏佽鎴愪负StreamEncoder瀵硅薄锛屽苟涓旇缃负OutputStreamWriter鐨勫睘鎬с€傝嚦浜庡皝瑁?code class="mq-147">StreamEncoder瀵硅薄鏄洜涓鸿繕闇€瑕佽€冭檻瀛楃闆嗙紪鐮佺殑闂锛岃繖涓笉鏄噸鐐广€傜劧鍚庢鏃讹紝瀹㈡埛绔幓璁块棶OutputStreamWriter鐨?code class="mq-149">write()绛夋柟娉曟椂锛屼細灏嗗叾濮旀墭缁?code class="mq-150">StreamEncoder瀵硅薄鐨勭浉鍏虫柟娉曟墽琛岋紝浠庤€屽疄鐜扮敱瀛楄妭娴佹搷浣滃埌瀛楃娴佹搷浣滅殑杞崲銆?/p>

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