关于HBase MVCC的设计原理以及MVCC所引起的一个scan问题
Posted 柠檬大数据
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最近在使用HBase0.94版本的时,偶尔会出现,HRegionInfo was null or empty in Meta 的警告
java.io.IOException: HRegionInfo was null or empty in Meta for writetest, row=lot_let,9399239430349923234234,99999999999999
at org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.MetaScanner.metaScan(MetaScanner.java:170)
在客户端的MetaScanner.metaScan实现中
metaTable = new HTable(configuration, HConstants.META_TABLE_NAME);
Result startRowResult = metaTable.getRowOrBefore(searchRow,HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY);
if (startRowResult == null) { throw new TableNotFoundException("Cannot find row in .META. for table: " + Bytes.toString(tableName) + ", row=" + Bytes.toStringBinary(searchRow)); }
byte[] value = startRowResult.getValue(HConstants.CATALOG_FAMILY,
HConstants.REGIONINFO_QUALIFIER);
if (value == null || value.length == 0) { throw new IOException("HRegionInfo was null or empty in Meta for " + Bytes.toString(tableName) + ", row=" + Bytes.toStringBinary(searchRow)); }
可以发现在扫描MetaScanner,rowkey所在的范围在Meta 表中不存在;通过RPC定位到服务端的实现
HRegion中:
public Result getClosestRowBefore(final byte [] row, final byte [] family)
throws IOException {
if (coprocessorHost != null) {
Result result = new Result();
if (coprocessorHost.preGetClosestRowBefore(row, family, result)) {
return result;
}
}
// look across all the HStores for this region and determine what the
// closest key is across all column families, since the data may be sparse
checkRow(row, "getClosestRowBefore");
startRegionOperation();
this.readRequestsCount.increment();
try {
Store store = getStore(family);
// get the closest key. (HStore.getRowKeyAtOrBefore can return null)
KeyValue key = store.getRowKeyAtOrBefore(row);
Result result = null;
if (key != null) {
Get get = new Get(key.getRow());
get.addFamily(family);
result = get(get, null);
}
if (coprocessorHost != null) {
coprocessorHost.postGetClosestRowBefore(row, family, result);
}
return result;
} finally {
closeRegionOperation();
}
}
在 KeyValue key = store.getRowKeyAtOrBefore(row);中获得了Meta表的rowkey,但是在后续的实现中
if (key != null) {
Get get = new Get(key.getRow());
get.addFamily(family);
result = get(get, null);
}
获得空的result导致了这个问题;
为什么会存在这个现象。
先讲一下HBase 的MVCC的原理,
MVCC是保证数据一致性的手段,HBase在写数据的过程中,需要经过好几个阶段,写HLog,写memstore,更新MVCC;
只有更新了MVCC,才算真正memstore写成功,其中事务的隔离需要有mvcc的来控制,比如读数据不可以获取别的线程还未提交的数据。
1、put、delete数据都会调用applyFamilyMapToMemstore
HRegion中
private long applyFamilyMapToMemstore(Map<byte[], List<KeyValue>> familyMap,
MultiVersionConsistencyControl.WriteEntry localizedWriteEntry) {
long size = 0;
boolean freemvcc = false;
try {
if (localizedWriteEntry == null) {
//开始一个写memstore,mvcc中的memstoreWrite++,并add待write pending队列中
localizedWriteEntry = mvcc.beginMemstoreInsert();
freemvcc = true;
}
for (Map.Entry<byte[], List<KeyValue>> e : familyMap.entrySet()) {
byte[] family = e.getKey();
List<KeyValue> edits = e.getValue();
Store store = getStore(family);
for (KeyValue kv: edits) {
kv.setMemstoreTS(localizedWriteEntry.getWriteNumber());
size += store.add(kv);
}
}
} finally {
if (freemvcc) {
mvcc.completeMemstoreInsert(localizedWriteEntry);
}
}
return size;
}
mvcc.completeMemstoreInsert,更新mvcc 的memstoreRead,也就是可以读的位置, 并通知readWaiters.notifyAll(),释放因flushcache调用waitForRead引起的阻塞;
waitForRead参见以下代码:
public void waitForRead(WriteEntry e) {
boolean interrupted = false;
synchronized (readWaiters) {
//小于,表示还有写未提交
while (memstoreRead < e.getWriteNumber()) {
try {
readWaiters.wait(0);
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
// We were interrupted... finish the loop -- i.e. cleanup --and then
// on our way out, reset the interrupt flag.
interrupted = true;
}
}
}
if (interrupted) Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
2、 在flushcache的过程中,获取到memstore中的keyvalues后,会调用mvcc.waitForRead(w)(因memstore所有的keyvalue,包括还未真正提交的,所以要等待其他事务提交后,才可以进行后续的flush操作,保证事务的一致性。
w = mvcc.beginMemstoreInsert();
mvcc.advanceMemstore(w);
mvcc.waitForRead(w);
3、scan数据
在RegionScannerImpl.next方法实现中:
public synchronized boolean next(List<KeyValue> outResults, int limit)
throws IOException {
if (this.filterClosed) {
throw new UnknownScannerException("Scanner was closed (timed out?) " +
"after we renewed it. Could be caused by a very slow scanner " +
"or a lengthy garbage collection");
}
startRegionOperation();
readRequestsCount.increment();
try {
// This could be a new thread from the last time we called next().
//this.readPoint在构造的时,初始化(readpoint为当前hregion的mvcc中的memstoreRead,为当前可读的点)和当前线程绑定
MultiVersionConsistencyControl.setThreadReadPoint(this.readPt);
在MemStore中过滤掉还未提交的事务(新的keyvalue中有最新的point)
protected KeyValue getNext(Iterator<KeyValue> it) {
long readPoint = MultiVersionConsistencyControl.getThreadReadPoint();
while (it.hasNext()) {
KeyValue v = it.next();
//过滤掉大于当前线程readPoint的keyvalue
if (v.getMemstoreTS() <= readPoint) {
return v;
}
}
return null;
}
纵观MVCC的整个过程,再分析HRegion中的getClosestRowBefore方法实现,
KeyValue key = store.getRowKeyAtOrBefore(row);
这个调用不会进行MVCC的控制,可以读到memstore中所有的数据
而get方法是会进行MVCC进行控制的,所以一种可能情况是在get调用的时, store.getRowKeyAtOrBefore(row)读到的key值还未提交,
所有都过滤掉了,查询范围为null。
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