Flask 编写http接口api及接口自动化测试

Posted 2021-04-12 开源优测

片言

此文中代码都是笔者工作中源码，所以不会很完整，主要摘常见场景的api片段用以举例说明

另:此文主要针对自动化测试人员，尤其有python基础阅读更佳。

笔者使用 python3.6 + postgresql10 + flask 0.12 的环境

场景介绍 

我们要实现后台管理中的用户管理功能，实现对用户的增、修改、删除、查询操作。

文中场景省去登录和用户权限部分，但我会在接口代码片段中进行注释说明

接口：新增用户

    http://127.0.0.1:7070/guardian/users

@app.route('/guardian/users', methods=['POST'])    # 使用 POST 方法

@require_role('guardian_admin')    # 登录用户的角色权限必须是guardian_admin 此处是自定义的更角色管理中的设置管理员角色一致即可。不需要角色权限也可以注释此行即可

@login_required    # 验证用户登录 flask_login插件

def create_user():
    '''
    下面json串是新增时候前台表单提交的内容以及格式，也就是我们接口测试时候需要添加的测试数据
    {
            "user": {
                "domain_id": "default",
                "enabled": True,
                "name": "tsbc1",
                "password": "111111",
                "realname": "Ray",
                "email": "[e-mail]",
                "tel": "[phone]",
                "phone": "13800138000",
                "org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e",
                "org_array":[],
                "comments": "备注信息"
            }
        }
    '''
    try:
        domain_id = None
        user_name = None
        user_passwd = None
        project_id = None
        real_name = None
        email = None
        phone = None
        org_id = None
        org_array = None
        comments = None        try:
            # 接收前端请求数据，并使用json.loads 把数据转换成Python可以读格式
            resq_obj = request.data
            resq_json = None            if type(resq_obj) is bytes:
                resq_json = resq_obj.decode()
            else:
                resq_json = resq_obj
            user_obj = jsonpickle.loads(resq_json)    # 此处使用了jsonpickle的lib，使用json lib也是一样的
            logging.debug('create user {0} '.format(user_obj))
            if 'default_project_id' in user_obj['user']:
                project_id = user_obj['user']['default_project_id']

            domain_id = user_obj['user']['domain_id']
            user_name = user_obj['user']['name']
            user_passwd = user_obj['user']['password']

        except Exception as ee:
            abort(400)
            #raise ee

        if domain_id is not None and user_name is not None and user_passwd is not None:
            # 笔者使用 keystone 进行用户管理 此处在keystone创建帐号，然后获取id,把id及其它信息会存放在自定义的数据库表中
            resp = usermgt.create_user(domain_id, user_name, user_passwd, project_id)    # resp返回值是 dict 格式
            if 'id' in resp['user']:
                try:
                    # 把前端POST的表单值进行变量赋值 传给后台进行存库
                    user_id = resp['user']['id']
                    if 'realname' in user_obj['user']:
                        real_name = user_obj['user']['realname']
                    if 'email' in user_obj['user']:
                        email = user_obj['user']['email']
                    if 'tel' in user_obj['user']:
                        tel = user_obj['user']['tel']
                    if 'phone' in user_obj['user']:
                        phone = user_obj['user']['phone']
                    if 'org_id' in user_obj['user']:
                        org_id = user_obj['user']['org_id']
                    if 'org_array' in user_obj['user']:
                        org_array = user_obj['user']['org_array']
                    if 'comments' in user_obj['user']:
                        comments = user_obj['user']['comments']

                except Exception as e:
                    # raise e
                    abort(400)
                if user_obj is not None:
                    try:
                        # 调用方法进行后台存库
                        GuardianModelDao._save_update_users_info(user_id, user_name, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments)
                        return wrap_response(SUCCESS_MSG, 200)    # 执行成功 返回操作成功信息及状态码 200
                    except Exception as e:
                        LOG.debug(e)
                        abort(500)    # 否则 后台500 错误
            else:
                abort(500)

后台函数

用于实现对接口中传递数据进行处理入库、修改、查询等等。

@classmethoddef _save_update_users_info(cls, user_id, username, 
    real_name, email, 
    tel, phone, org_id, 
    org_array, comments):
    LOG.debug('start create users info...')
    try:
        with TxConn() as conn: # 连接数据库
            with conn.cursor() as cursor:
                # save user data
                now_time = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", time.localtime())
                # 接收变量赋值 user_data
                users_data = {
                    "user_id":user_id,
                    "username":username,
                    "realname":real_name,
                    "email":email,
                    "tel":tel,
                    "phone":phone,
                    "org":org_id,
                    "org_array":org_array,
                    "comments":comments,
                    "now_time":now_time                }
                cursor.execute(cls.insert_users_info, users_data)    # 插入数据
            conn.commit()
    except Exception as e:
        LOG.exception('error saving users info', e)
        raise e

测试脚本（新增用户）

python unittest做单元测试

import unittest, requests

class GuardianTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
    guardian_base = 'http://127.0.0.1:7070'
    user_token = keystone.user_token('default', 'tsbc', '123456') # 调用keystone生成登录用户的token
    
    def test_create_user_api(self):
            # 添加对应headers 及 tonken 用于数据传参和登录认证使用
            myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
            myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token            # 接口测试数据
            user = {
                "user": {
                    "domain_id": "default",
                    "enabled": True,
                    "name": "tsbc1",
                    "password": "123456",
                    "realname": "Ray",
                    "email": "[e-mail]",
                    "tel":"[phone]",
                    "phone": "13800138000",
                    "org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e",
                    "org_array":None,
                    "comments": "备注信息"
                }
            }
            # 使用requests的post方法进行请求路由
            _resp = requests.post(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users', json=user, headers=myheaders, verify=True)
            resp_json = _resp.content            # 对返回结果及状态进行校验
            if _resp.ok:
                self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json)
                LOG.info('create users, response: {0}'.format(resp_json))
            else:
                LOG.error('error create users, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))

接口：修改用户

修改用户和新增用户传递的参数差不多，使用的是http的patch请求，route要添加user_id的参数 ，其他实现和新增差不多代码不重复贴了

@app.route('/guardian/users/<string:user_id>', methods=['PATCH'])@require_role('guardian_admin')@login_requireddef update_user(user_id):
    """
    此处省略接收请求数据代码
    """
    try:
        resp = usermgt.update_user(domain_id, user_id, username, user_passwd, project_id, enabled) # 更新keystone 用户密码、状态
        if resp is not None:
            # 更新用户基本信息与新增是同一个接口，执行SQL时使用PostGresql特性，相同user_id数据只更新不会再插入
            GuardianModelDao._save_update_users_info(user_id, username, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments)
            return wrap_response(SUCCESS_MSG, 200)    # 更新成功返回 200
    except Exception as e:
        LOG.exception('error modify user', e)
        abort(500)    # 更新失败500

测试脚本(修改用户)

def test_update_user_api(self):

    myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token

    user = {
        "user": {
            "domain_id": "default",
            "enabled": True,
            "name": "tsbc1",
            "password": "111111",
            "realname": "xioohua",
            "email": "[e-mail]",
            "tel": "[phone]",
            "phone": "13800138000",
            "org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e",
            "comments": "备注信息"
        }
    }

    _resp = requests.patch(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users/0d26176579e94d558c4c2d864b003241',   # 路由中添加要修改的用户ID requests使用 patch方法
                            json=user, headers=myheaders, verify=True)
    resp_json = _resp.content    # 返回值进行校验
    if _resp.ok:
        self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json)
        LOG.info('update users, response: {0}'.format(resp_json))
    else:
        LOG.error('error update users, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))

接口：查询用户

根据用户名查询用户，使用http的get请求

@app.route('/guardian/users/<string:user_name>', methods=['GET'])    # 查询使用 GET 方法@require_role('guardian_admin')@login_requireddef query_user_by_username(user_name):

    try:
        user_info = GuardianModelDao._query_users_info_by_name(user_name)    # 调用后台查询函数
        if len(user_info):
            return wrap_response(jsonpickle.dumps(user_info), 200)    # 成功返回200 并把返回内容转换成 json格式
        else:
            return wrap_response("[]", 200)   # 否则返回空
    except Exception as e:
        LOG.exception('error query user by name', e)
        abort(500)

后台函数

@classmethoddef _query_users_info_by_id(cls, user_id):
    LOG.debug('start list users info...')
    users = []
    with TxConn() as conn:
        try:
            with conn.cursor() as cursor:
                data = (user_id,)
                cursor.execute(cls.query_users_info_by_id, data)
                # 查询结构如果是行数据，放进list中进行返回
                for (user_id, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments, create_time, update_time) in cursor:
                    user = Users(user_id, real_name, email, tel, phone, org_id, org_array, comments, create_time, update_time)
                    users.append(user)
        except Exception as e:
            LOG.exception('error query users !')
            raise e    return users

测试脚本(查询用户)

def test_query_user_api(self):

    myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token

    _resp = requests.get(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users/tsbc', headers=myheaders, verify=True) # 链接中加入用户名
    resp_json = _resp.text    # 验证判断
    if _resp.ok:
        self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json)
        LOG.info('query users, response: {0}'.format(resp_json))
    else:
        LOG.error('error query users, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))

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接口：删除用户

根据用户ID进行删除，使用http的delete请求

@app.route('/guardian/users/<string:user_id>', methods=['DELETE']) # 传入用户id 使用 delete请求@require_role('guardian_admin')@login_requireddef delete_user(user_id):
    if user_id is None:
        abort(400)
    try:
        s_code = usermgt.delete_user(user_id)
        if s_code == 204:
            return wrap_response(SUCCESS_MSG, status=s_code) # 返回状态码
    except Exception as e:
        LOG.exception('error delete users info', e)
        abort(500)

后台函数

def delete_user(user_id):
    myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    myheaders['X-Auth-Token'] = settings.KEYSTONE_ADMIN_TOKEN
    _resp = requests.delete(settings.KEYSTONE_BASE + '/v3/users/'+user_id,headers=myheaders, verify=False)

    if _resp.status_code == 204:
        LOG.debug('delete users -- response {0}'.format(_resp))
        return _resp.status_code    else:
        LOG.error('error list users, response: {0}'.format(_resp))
        raise KeystoneException('error delete user {0} with response status {1}'.format(user_id, _resp.status_code), _resp.status_code)

测试脚本(删除用户)

def test_delete_users_api(self):

    myheaders = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    myheaders['X-Subject-Token'] = self.user_token
    _resp = requests.delete(self.guardian_base + '/guardian/users/tsbc1', headers=myheaders, # 使用 delete 请求
                            verify=True)
    resp_json = _resp.content    # 根据返回状态进行校验
    if _resp.ok:
        self.assertIsNotNone(resp_json)
        LOG.info('delete users api, response: {0}'.format(resp_json))
    else:
        LOG.error('error delete users api, response: {0}, status: {1}'.format(resp_json, _resp.status_code))

下面提供给前端API文档

## CREATE USER

1. URL:' /guardian/users'

2. METHOD: POST

3. body:

 

{

"user": {

"domain_id": "default",

"enabled": True,

"name": "tsbc1",

"password": "111111",

"realname": "Ray",

"email": "[e-mail]",

"tel": "[phone]",

"phone": "13800138000",

"org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e",

"org_array": null,

"comments": "备注信息"

}

}

##  UPDATE USER

1. URL:' /guardian/users/<string:user_id>'

2. METHOD: PATCH

2. body:

{

"user": {

"domain_id": "default",

"enabled": True,

"name": "tsbc1",

"password": "111111",

"realname": "Ray",

"email": "[e-mail]",

"tel": "[phone]",

"phone": "13800138000",

"org_id": "7d22d25a-b648-4ad3-a834-2398eb989a9e",

"org_array": null,

"comments": "备注信息"

}

}

该接口可以用于修改密码，禁用用户

## QUERY USER BY NAME

1. URL:' /guardian/users/<string:user_name>'

2. METHOD: GET

## DELETE USER

1. URL: '/guardian/users/<string:user_id>'

2. METHOD: DELETE