springboot怎么 进行单元测试

Posted 2023-05-04

参考技术A

它分成以下几个步骤： 建立mock； 将mock和待测试的对象连接起来； 在mock上设置预期的返回值； 开启replay模式，准备记录实际发生的调用； 进行测试； 验证测试结果，调用顺序是否正确，返回值是否符合期望；

#yyds干货盘点# springboot使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试

springboot使用@SpringBootTest注解进行单元测试

1.代码实现：

添加依赖

 <!-- spring boot web 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 修改后立即生效，热部署 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 视图 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
         <!-- mybatis 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
          <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- mysql 依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
          <version>5.0.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- alibaba的druid数据库连接池 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.9</version>
        </dependency>

控制层

@RestController
public class UserController 

    @Autowired
    private IUserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/getAll")
   public List<User> getAll()
        return userService.getAll();
    

    @GetMapping("/getUserById")
    public User getUserById(Integer id)
        return userService.getUserById(id);
    

服务层

public interface IUserService 
 
  // 获取所有用户
  List<User> getAll();
 
  // 根据id获取用户
  User getUserById(Integer id);

@Service("userServiceImpl")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService 
  
  @Autowired
  private IUserMapper userMapper;
 
  @Override
  public List<User> getAll() 
    return userMapper.getAll();
  
 
  @Override
  public User getUserById(Integer id) 
    return userMapper.getUserById(id);
  
 

数据访问层

@Mapper
public interface IUserMapper 
  //获取所有用户
  List<User>getAll();
  //根据id获取用户
  User getUserById(Integer id);

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.cxh.study.platform.mapper.IUserMapper" >
  <!--获取所有用户  -->
  <select id="getAll" resultType="com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User">
    SELECT * FROM s_user
  </select>
  <!-- 根据id获取单个用户 -->
  <select id="getUserById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultType="com.cxh.study.platform.entity.User">
    SELECT * FROM s_user
    where id=#id
  </select>
</mapper>

测试类

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = GeneratorApp.class, webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class UserTest 
    
     /**
     * @LocalServerPort 提供了 @Value("$local.server.port") 的代替
     */
    @LocalServerPort
    private int port;
 
    private URL base;
 
    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
 
    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception 
        String url = String.format("http://localhost:%d/", port);
        System.out.println(String.format("port is : [%d]", port));
        this.base = new URL(url);
    
 
  
    //@Test
    public void getAllTest() throws Exception 
 
        ResponseEntity<List> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
                this.base.toString() + "/getAll", List.class, "");
        System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody()));
    
    
    @Test
    public void getUserByIdTest() throws Exception 
 
        ResponseEntity<User> response = this.restTemplate.getForEntity(
                this.base.toString() + "/getUserById?id=1", User.class, "");
        System.out.println(String.format("测试结果为：%s", response.getBody().toString()));
    
 

​其中，classes属性指定启动类，SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT经常和测试类中@LocalServerPort一起在注入属性时使用。会随机生成一个端口号。

2.实现效果：

运行测试方法getUserByIdTest

测试结果为：User [id=1, account=cxh, password=123, type=1, status=1]