记在linux下安装mysql填坑过程
Posted 米糕随笔
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前段时间自己租了个云服务,想搭个网站玩儿玩儿,按常规nginx + react + nodejs + mysql的架构。由于一直是做前端开发,没有太多操作linux的经验,在mysql的安装的时候,遇到了很多问题,在网上查询资料,总是没有完整的流程,只能一个问题一个问题的解决,便摘抄记录下贴了出来
参考网上的许多教程,输入如下指令安装mysql
yum install mysql-community-server
结果报如下错误(相信大部分同学第一次安装都会遇到同样的错误):
[root@host ~]# yum install mysql-community-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirror.san.fastserv.com
* elrepo-kernel: repos.lax-noc.com
* extras: mirrors.oit.uci.edu
* updates: mirror.keystealth.org
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-common(x86-64) = 5.7.20-1.el7 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-client(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: systemd for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: systemd for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.2)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnuma.so.1(libnuma_1.1)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsasl2.so.3()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libnuma.so.1()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: mysql-community-libs(x86-64) >= 5.7.9 for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-common.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: systemd for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: systemd for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsasl2.so.3()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package numactl.x86_64 0:2.0.9-2.el6 will be installed
--> Running transaction check
---> Package mysql-community-client.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-libs.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
---> Package mysql-community-server.x86_64 0:5.7.20-1.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: systemd for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: systemd for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libsasl2.so.3()(64bit) for package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: libsasl2.so.3()(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: systemd
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: libstdc++.so.6(GLIBCXX_3.4.15)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
Error: Package: mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64 (mysql57-community)
Requires: libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.17)(64bit)
You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
度娘查了各种资料和文章,大概确定是mysql的依赖问题。但是中间过程跟着各种教程搞的很乱,又由于对linux的基本目录不够了解,因此搞了很多文件和目录,也不知道该删除哪些。因此打算卸载重装(简单粗暴但有效)这里贴出来卸载mysql重装的方法:
第一步:
删除mysql的思路无非是先使用 yum remove 命令,将之前的安装包移除。但是会有许多残留文件在里面,因此要用命令查找残留的文件,全部删除。
快速删除
yum remove mysql mysql-server mysql-libs
查找残留的文件
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
查找残留的目录并删除
whereis mysql
rm -rf 要删除的目录
注意:使用 rm -rf 命令之前,一定要先学习一下命令的使用方式,后面一定要跟上要删除的目标,否则是删除整个当前目录下的所有内容
正式安装:
由于之前已经发现了安装失败的原因,是依赖包没有成功安装导致的,是由于访问国外网站速度慢的问题。因此,这次安装的思路是通过 wget 先将安装包下载到本地,再解压安装包进行安装
mysql的安装分为两部分,一部分是community的交互管理,另一部分是mysql-server服务
先给centOS添加rpm源,并且选择比较新的源(5.7以后的mysql开始收费,所以选择5.7版本安装)
先切到想要下载安装包的目录,个人习惯放在usr下新建目录或者opt目录下新建目录(个人爱好位置,随意)输入如下命令:
wget -i -c http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
此时输入 ls 命令可以看到当前目录下已经下载了rpm的安装包,输入以下命令进行安装:
yum -y install mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch.rpm
接着就可以安装mysql服务器了,但是直接安装会出现下载过慢的情况:
yum -y install mysql-community-server
安装完成,启动mysql
systemctl start mysqld.service
查看mysql的运行状态(当一个服务运行起来之后,systemctl可以监控到它,可以通过systemctl命令进行服务的操作,个人比较习惯使用这个命令进行管理):
systemctl status mysqld.service
看到绿色的active(running),则表示mysql服务正在运行中,不过要想进入MySQL还得先找出此时root用户的密码,通过如下命令可以在日志文件中找出密码:
grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log
进入数据库命令:
mysql -uroot -p
输入初始密码,但如果要操作数据库,必须要先修改密码。根据mysql的要求,密码要比较强的复杂度,与validate_password_policy的值有关,可以通过命令查看密码复杂度要求的规则:
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'validate_password%';
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
| validate_password_check_user_name | OFF |
| validate_password_dictionary_file | |
| validate_password_length | 4 |
| validate_password_mixed_case_count | 1 |
| validate_password_number_count | 1 |
| validate_password_policy | LOW |
| validate_password_special_char_count | 1 |
+--------------------------------------+-------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)
密码的长度是由validate_password_length决定的,而validate_password_length的计算公式是:
validate_password_length = validate_password_number_count + validate_password_special_char_count + (2 * validate_password_mixed_case_count)
可以通过如下命令对密码复杂度进行修改:
mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;
mysql> set global validate_password_length=1;
此时便可以使用简单的密码进行设置了:
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new password';
但此时还有一个问题,就是因为安装了Yum Repository,以后每次yum操作都会自动更新,需要把这个卸载掉:
yum -y remove mysql57-community-release-el7-10.noarch
总算折腾完了。总结起来的主要问题是,对于linux的基本操作和基本工具不够了解,因此后续还要对linux进行比较系统的学习
参考文章:https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000003049498
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