python输出a1到an
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参考技术A def a(n):#构造函数an;result=3*n**2-5#缩进4格;
return result#缩进4格;
n=int(input("输入正整数n的值：n="));
for j in range(1,n+1):#输出a
print(f"n=j,aj=a(j)")#缩进4格;
#
print(list(map(lambda n:3*n**2-5,[j for j in range(1,1+int(input("输入正整数n的值：n=")))])))
'''
输入正整数n的值：n=5
n=1,a1=-2
n=2,a2=7
n=3,a3=22
n=4,a4=43
n=5,a5=70
输入正整数n的值：n=5
[-2, 7, 22, 43, 70]
'''
ansible python api 2.0使用
最近想利用python来调用anbile来实现一些功能，发现ansible的api已经升级到了2.0，使用上比以前复杂了许多。
这里我参考了官方文档的例子，做了一些整改，写了一个python调用ansible的函数，执行过程中输出执行结果。函数返回执行结果，便于筛选和存储所需的数据：
# vim exec_ansible.py
def exec_ansible(module,args,host):
import json
from collections import namedtuple
from ansible.parsing.dataloader import DataLoader
from ansible.vars import VariableManager
from ansible.inventory import Inventory
from ansible.playbook.play import Play
from ansible.executor.task_queue_manager import TaskQueueManager
from ansible.plugins.callback import CallbackBase
class ResultCallback(CallbackBase):
def v2_runner_on_ok(self, result, **kwargs):
host = result._host
self.data = json.dumps({host.name: result._result}, indent=4)
print(self.data)
Options = namedtuple(‘Options‘, [‘connection‘, ‘module_path‘, ‘forks‘, ‘become‘, ‘become_method‘, ‘become_user‘, ‘check‘])
# initialize needed objects
variable_manager = VariableManager()
loader = DataLoader()
#module_path参数指定本地ansible模块包的路径
options = Options(connection=‘smart‘, module_path=‘/usr/local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/ansible/modules/‘, forks=100, become=None, become_method=None, become_user=‘root‘, check=False)
passwords = dict(vault_pass=‘secret‘)
# Instantiate our ResultCallback for handling results as they come in
results_callback = ResultCallback()
# create inventory and pass to var manager
#host_list指定本地ansible的hosts文件
inventory = Inventory(loader=loader, variable_manager=variable_manager, host_list=‘/etc/ansible/hosts‘)
variable_manager.set_inventory(inventory)
# create play with tasks
play_source = dict(
name = "Ansible Play",
#hosts可以指定inventory中的一组主机，也可指定单台主机
hosts = host,
gather_facts = ‘no‘,
#task执行列表，如果想一次执行多个任务，可以在列表中添加任务
tasks = [
dict(action=dict(module=module, args=args), register=‘shell_out‘),
]
)
play = Play().load(play_source, variable_manager=variable_manager, loader=loader)
# actually run it
tqm = None
try:
tqm = TaskQueueManager(
inventory=inventory,
variable_manager=variable_manager,
loader=loader,
options=options,
passwords=passwords,
stdout_callback=results_callback,
)
result = tqm.run(play)
finally:
if tqm is not None:
tqm.cleanup
return json.loads(results_callback.data)调用例子：
我本地ansible的hosts文件如下：
# more /etc/ansible/hosts [testserver] 192.168.52.128 192.168.52.135
调用如下：
先调用testserver一组主机批量执行date命令：
>>> from exec_ansible import exec_ansible
>>> test1 = exec_ansible(module=‘shell‘,args=‘date‘,host=‘testserver‘)
{
"192.168.52.135": {
"warnings": [],
"stderr": "",
"delta": "0:00:00.003688",
"_ansible_no_log": false,
"stdout": "Sat Nov 5 18:54:17 CST 2016",
"cmd": "date",
"_ansible_parsed": true,
"rc": 0,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"removes": null,
"executable": null,
"creates": null,
"chdir": null,
"warn": true,
"_raw_params": "date",
"_uses_shell": true
},
"module_name": "command"
},
"start": "2016-11-05 18:54:17.563525",
"changed": true,
"end": "2016-11-05 18:54:17.567213",
"stdout_lines": [
"Sat Nov 5 18:54:17 CST 2016"
]
}
}
{
"192.168.52.128": {
"warnings": [],
"stderr": "",
"delta": "0:00:00.003244",
"_ansible_no_log": false,
"stdout": "Sat Nov 5 21:48:38 CST 2016",
"cmd": "date",
"_ansible_parsed": true,
"rc": 0,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"removes": null,
"executable": null,
"creates": null,
"chdir": null,
"warn": true,
"_raw_params": "date",
"_uses_shell": true
},
"module_name": "command"
},
"start": "2016-11-05 21:48:38.252785",
"changed": true,
"end": "2016-11-05 21:48:38.256029",
"stdout_lines": [
"Sat Nov 5 21:48:38 CST 2016"
]
}
}
指定单台执行命令：
>>> test2 = exec_ansible(module=‘shell‘,args=‘free -m‘,host=‘192.168.52.128‘)
{
"192.168.52.128": {
"warnings": [],
"changed": true,
"invocation": {
"module_args": {
"_raw_params": "free -m",
"executable": null,
"chdir": null,
"creates": null,
"removes": null,
"_uses_shell": true,
"warn": true
},
"module_name": "command"
},
"rc": 0,
"start": "2016-11-05 21:53:10.738545",
"_ansible_parsed": true,
"delta": "0:00:00.002871",
"stdout_lines": [
" total used free shared buffers cached",
"Mem: 1869 1786 83 3 312 512",
"-/+ buffers/cache: 961 908 ",
"Swap: 4047 3 4044 "
],
"stderr": "",
"end": "2016-11-05 21:53:10.741416",
"cmd": "free -m",
"_ansible_no_log": false,
"stdout": " total used free shared buffers cached\nMem: 1869 1786 83 3 312 512\n-/+ buffers/cache: 961 908 \nSwap: 4047 3 4044 "
}
}这里可以从输出中取到输出结果：
>>> stdout = test2["192.168.52.128"]["stdout"] total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1869 1756 112 2 314 490 -/+ buffers/cache: 951 917 Swap: 4047 4 4043
我写的脚本有个bug，就是当指定一组主机批量执行的时候，返回的函数中，存储内容的只剩下最后执行命令的那台主机的相关信息，做不到把所有的主机的执行信息存储，希望有大神可以解决这个问题，并不吝赐教！！
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