Dubbo集群和负载均衡
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Cluster接口的作用是将RegistryDirectory目录中的List 包装为Invoker接口，让Invoker接口调用方不需要关注负载均衡的细节。
@SPI(FailoverCluster.NAME)
public interface Cluster {
@Adaptive <T> Invoker<T> join(Directory<T> directory) throws RpcException;
}
@SPI(RandomLoadBalance.NAME)
public interface LoadBalance {
@Adaptive("loadbalance")
<T> Invoker<T> select(List<Invoker<T>> invokers, URL url, Invocation invocation) throws RpcException;
}
复制代码Cluster SPI接口默认使用FailoverCluster作为实现类，Failover就是当前服务节点调用发送网络异常时，重试其它节点。
Cluster实现会使用LoadBalance来实现多个Invoker的动态选择。默认使用随机算法实现。
/**
* 失败转移，当出现失败，重试其它服务器，通常用于读操作，但重试会带来更长延迟。
*
* <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Failover">Failover</a>
*
* @author william.liangf
*/
public class FailoverCluster implements Cluster {
public final static String NAME = "failover";
public <T> Invoker<T> join(Directory<T> directory) throws RpcException {
return new FailoverClusterInvoker<T>(directory);
}
}
public abstract class AbstractClusterInvoker<T> implements Invoker<T> {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory
.getLogger(AbstractClusterInvoker.class);
protected final Directory<T> directory;
protected final boolean availablecheck;
private volatile boolean destroyed = false;
private volatile Invoker<T> stickyInvoker = null;
public AbstractClusterInvoker(Directory<T> directory) {
this(directory, directory.getUrl());
}
public AbstractClusterInvoker(Directory<T> directory, URL url) {
if (directory == null)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("service directory == null");
this.directory = directory ;
//sticky 需要检测 avaliablecheck
this.availablecheck = url.getParameter(Constants.CLUSTER_AVAILABLE_CHECK_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_AVAILABLE_CHECK) ;
}
public Class<T> getInterface() {
return directory.getInterface();
}
public URL getUrl() {
return directory.getUrl();
}
public boolean isAvailable() {
Invoker<T> invoker = stickyInvoker;
if (invoker != null) {
return invoker.isAvailable();
}
return directory.isAvailable();
}
public void destroy() {
directory.destroy();
destroyed = true;
}
public Result invoke(final Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
checkWheatherDestoried();
LoadBalance loadbalance;
//调用注册目录获取可用invoker列表
List<Invoker<T>> invokers = list(invocation);
if (invokers != null && invokers.size() > 0) {
//获取配置好的LoadBalance实现，如果没有配置使用默认的随机算法LoadBalance实现类
loadbalance = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(invokers.get(0).getUrl()
.getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(),Constants.LOADBALANCE_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE));
} else {
loadbalance = ExtensionLoader.getExtensionLoader(LoadBalance.class).getExtension(Constants.DEFAULT_LOADBALANCE);
}
RpcUtils.attachInvocationIdIfAsync(getUrl(), invocation);
return doInvoke(invocation, invokers, loadbalance);
}
//抽象类，之类提供实现
protected abstract Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers,
LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException;
protected List<Invoker<T>> list(Invocation invocation) throws RpcException {
List<Invoker<T>> invokers = directory.list(invocation);
return invokers;
}
/**
* 使用loadbalance选择invoker.</br>
* a)先lb选择，如果在selected列表中 或者 不可用且做检验时，进入下一步(重选),否则直接返回</br>
* b)重选验证规则：selected > available .保证重选出的结果尽量不在select中，并且是可用的
*
* @param availablecheck 如果设置true，在选择的时候先选invoker.available == true
* @param selected 已选过的invoker.注意：输入保证不重复
*
*/
protected Invoker<T> select(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, List<Invoker<T>> selected) throws RpcException {
if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0)
return null;
String methodName = invocation == null ? "" : invocation.getMethodName();
//dubbo可以基于Service方法级别配置调用亲和性，将该方法请求都固定在一台服务器节点上。默认关闭，一般情况下用不到这个特性。
boolean sticky = invokers.get(0).getUrl().getMethodParameter(methodName,Constants.CLUSTER_STICKY_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_CLUSTER_STICKY) ;
{
//ignore overloaded method
if ( stickyInvoker != null && !invokers.contains(stickyInvoker) ){
stickyInvoker = null;
}
//ignore cucurrent problem
if (sticky && stickyInvoker != null && (selected == null || !selected.contains(stickyInvoker))){
if (availablecheck && stickyInvoker.isAvailable()){
return stickyInvoker;
}
}
}
Invoker<T> invoker = doselect(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected);
if (sticky){
stickyInvoker = invoker;
}
return invoker;
}
private Invoker<T> doselect(LoadBalance loadbalance, Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, List<Invoker<T>> selected) throws RpcException {
if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0)
return null;
if (invokers.size() == 1)
return invokers.get(0);
// 如果只有两个invoker，退化成轮循
if (invokers.size() == 2 && selected != null && selected.size() > 0) {
return selected.get(0) == invokers.get(0) ? invokers.get(1) : invokers.get(0);
}
Invoker<T> invoker = loadbalance.select(invokers, getUrl(), invocation);
//如果 selected中包含（优先判断） 或者 不可用&&availablecheck=true 则重试.
if( (selected != null && selected.contains(invoker))
||(!invoker.isAvailable() && getUrl()!=null && availablecheck)){
try{
Invoker<T> rinvoker = reselect(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, selected, availablecheck);
if(rinvoker != null){
invoker = rinvoker;
}else{
//看下第一次选的位置，如果不是最后，选+1位置.
int index = invokers.indexOf(invoker);
try{
//最后在避免碰撞
invoker = index <invokers.size()-1?invokers.get(index+1) :invoker;
}catch (Exception e) {
logger.warn(e.getMessage()+" may because invokers list dynamic change, ignore.",e);
}
}
}catch (Throwable t){
logger.error("clustor relselect fail reason is :"+t.getMessage() +" if can not slove ,you can set cluster.availablecheck=false in url",t);
}
}
return invoker;
}
/**
* 重选，先从非selected的列表中选择，没有在从selected列表中选择.
* @param loadbalance
* @param invocation
* @param invokers
* @param selected
* @return
* @throws RpcException
*/
private Invoker<T> reselect(LoadBalance loadbalance,Invocation invocation,
List<Invoker<T>> invokers, List<Invoker<T>> selected ,boolean availablecheck)
throws RpcException {
//预先分配一个，这个列表是一定会用到的.
List<Invoker<T>> reselectInvokers = new ArrayList<Invoker<T>>(invokers.size()>1?(invokers.size()-1):invokers.size());
//先从非select中选
if( availablecheck ){ //选isAvailable 的非select
for(Invoker<T> invoker : invokers){
if(invoker.isAvailable()){
if(selected ==null || !selected.contains(invoker)){
reselectInvokers.add(invoker);
}
}
}
if(reselectInvokers.size()>0){
return loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation);
}
}else{ //选全部非select
for(Invoker<T> invoker : invokers){
if(selected ==null || !selected.contains(invoker)){
reselectInvokers.add(invoker);
}
}
if(reselectInvokers.size()>0){
return loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation);
}
}
//最后从select中选可用的.
{
if(selected != null){
for(Invoker<T> invoker : selected){
if((invoker.isAvailable()) //优先选available
&& !reselectInvokers.contains(invoker)){
reselectInvokers.add(invoker);
}
}
}
if(reselectInvokers.size()>0){
return loadbalance.select(reselectInvokers, getUrl(), invocation);
}
}
return null;
}
protected void checkWheatherDestoried() {
if(destroyed){
throw new RpcException("Rpc cluster invoker for " + getInterface() + " on consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost()
+ " use dubbo version " + Version.getVersion()
+ " is now destroyed! Can not invoke any more.");
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return getInterface() + " -> " + getUrl().toString();
}
protected void checkInvokers(List<Invoker<T>> invokers, Invocation invocation) {
if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0) {
throw new RpcException("Failed to invoke the method "
+ invocation.getMethodName() + " in the service " + getInterface().getName()
+ ". No provider available for the service " + directory.getUrl().getServiceKey()
+ " from registry " + directory.getUrl().getAddress()
+ " on the consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost()
+ " using the dubbo version " + Version.getVersion()
+ ". Please check if the providers have been started and registered.");
}
}
}
public class FailoverClusterInvoker<T> extends AbstractClusterInvoker<T> {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FailoverClusterInvoker.class);
public FailoverClusterInvoker(Directory<T> directory) {
super(directory);
}
@SuppressWarnings({ "unchecked", "rawtypes" })
public Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, final List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
List<Invoker<T>> copyinvokers = invokers;
checkInvokers(copyinvokers, invocation);
int len = getUrl().getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(), Constants.RETRIES_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_RETRIES) + 1;
if (len <= 0) {
len = 1;
}
// retry loop.
RpcException le = null; // last exception.
List<Invoker<T>> invoked = new ArrayList<Invoker<T>>(copyinvokers.size()); // invoked invokers.
Set<String> providers = new HashSet<String>(len);
//如果不是抛出业务异常，默认重试2次，总计调用3次，如果只有1个服务提供者，可能会调用相同节点3次
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) {
//重试时，进行重新选择，避免重试时invoker列表已发生变化.
//注意：如果列表发生了变化，那么invoked判断会失效，因为invoker示例已经改变
if (i > 0) {
checkWheatherDestoried();
copyinvokers = list(invocation);
//重新检查一下
checkInvokers(copyinvokers, invocation);
}
Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, copyinvokers, invoked);
invoked.add(invoker);
RpcContext.getContext().setInvokers((List)invoked);
try {
Result result = invoker.invoke(invocation);
if (le != null && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Although retry the method " + invocation.getMethodName()
+ " in the service " + getInterface().getName()
+ " was successful by the provider " + invoker.getUrl().getAddress()
+ ", but there have been failed providers " + providers
+ " (" + providers.size() + "/" + copyinvokers.size()
+ ") from the registry " + directory.getUrl().getAddress()
+ " on the consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost()
+ " using the dubbo version " + Version.getVersion() + ". Last error is: "
+ le.getMessage(), le);
}
return result;
} catch (RpcException e) {
if (e.isBiz()) { // biz exception.
throw e;
}
le = e;
} catch (Throwable e) {
le = new RpcException(e.getMessage(), e);
} finally {
providers.add(invoker.getUrl().getAddress());
}
}
throw new RpcException(le != null ? le.getCode() : 0, "Failed to invoke the method "
+ invocation.getMethodName() + " in the service " + getInterface().getName()
+ ". Tried " + len + " times of the providers " + providers
+ " (" + providers.size() + "/" + copyinvokers.size()
+ ") from the registry " + directory.getUrl().getAddress()
+ " on the consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " using the dubbo version "
+ Version.getVersion() + ". Last error is: "
+ (le != null ? le.getMessage() : ""), le != null && le.getCause() != null ? le.getCause() : le);
}
}
/**
* 快速失败，只发起一次调用，失败立即报错，通常用于非幂等性的写操作。
*
* <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fail-fast">Fail-fast</a>
*
* @author william.liangf
* @author chao.liuc
*/
public class FailfastClusterInvoker<T> extends AbstractClusterInvoker<T>{
public FailfastClusterInvoker(Directory<T> directory) {
super(directory);
}
public Result doInvoke(Invocation invocation, List<Invoker<T>> invokers, LoadBalance loadbalance) throws RpcException {
checkInvokers(invokers, invocation);
Invoker<T> invoker = select(loadbalance, invocation, invokers, null);
try {
return invoker.invoke(invocation);
} catch (Throwable e) {
if (e instanceof RpcException && ((RpcException)e).isBiz()) { // biz exception.
throw (RpcException) e;
}
throw new RpcException(e instanceof RpcException ? ((RpcException)e).getCode() : 0, "Failfast invoke providers " + invoker.getUrl() + " " + loadbalance.getClass().getSimpleName() + " select from all providers " + invokers + " for service " + getInterface().getName() + " method " + invocation.getMethodName() + " on consumer " + NetUtils.getLocalHost() + " use dubbo version " + Version.getVersion() + ", but no luck to perform the invocation. Last error is: " + e.getMessage(), e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e);
}
}
}
public abstract class AbstractLoadBalance implements LoadBalance {
public <T> Invoker<T> select(List<Invoker<T>> invokers, URL url, Invocation invocation) {
if (invokers == null || invokers.size() == 0)
return null;
if (invokers.size() == 1)
return invokers.get(0);
return doSelect(invokers, url, invocation);
}
//获取服务提供者权重
protected abstract <T> Invoker<T> doSelect(List<Invoker<T>> invokers, URL url, Invocation invocation);
protected int getWeight(Invoker<?> invoker, Invocation invocation) {
int weight = invoker.getUrl().getMethodParameter(invocation.getMethodName(), Constants.WEIGHT_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_WEIGHT);
if (weight > 0) {
//dubbo调用方会根据服务提供方服务上线时间来调整节点权重，默认要达到10分钟才会分配100%权重，10分钟以内按照时间比例来调整权重，比如服务发布1分钟分配的权重比例是10%,利用这种方式可以让java代码有足够长的热身时间，JVM每段代码调用超过1万次才会转化为机器指令，否则就是解释执行。但是该段代码有bug，在官方dubbo版本以及修复。
long timestamp = invoker.getUrl().getParameter(Constants.TIMESTAMP_KEY, 0L);
if (timestamp > 0L) {
int uptime = (int) (System.currentTimeMillis() - timestamp);
int warmup = invoker.getUrl().getParameter(Constants.WARMUP_KEY, Constants.DEFAULT_WARMUP);
if (uptime > 0 && uptime < warmup) {
weight = calculateWarmupWeight(uptime, warmup, weight);
}
}
}
return weight;
}
static int calculateWarmupWeight(int uptime, int warmup, int weight) {
int ww = (int) ( (float) uptime / ( (float) warmup / (float) weight ) );
return ww < 1 ? 1 : (ww > weight ? weight : ww);
}
}
//按照每个服务提供者节点权重随机返回提供者
public class RandomLoadBalance extends AbstractLoadBalance {
public static final String NAME = "random";
private final Random random = new Random();
protected <T> Invoker<T> doSelect(List<Invoker<T>> invokers, URL url, Invocation invocation) {
int length = invokers.size(); // 总个数
int totalWeight = 0; // 总权重
boolean sameWeight = true; // 权重是否都一样
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int weight = getWeight(invokers.get(i), invocation);
totalWeight += weight; // 累计总权重
if (sameWeight && i > 0
&& weight != getWeight(invokers.get(i - 1), invocation)) {
sameWeight = false; // 计算所有权重是否一样
}
}
if (totalWeight > 0 && ! sameWeight) {
// 如果权重不相同且权重大于0则按总权重数随机
int offset = random.nextInt(totalWeight);
// 并确定随机值落在哪个片断上
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
offset -= getWeight(invokers.get(i), invocation);
if (offset < 0) {
return invokers.get(i);
}
}
}
// 如果权重相同或权重为0则均等随机
return invokers.get(random.nextInt(length));
}
}
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