.apt是啥文件?
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.apt是什么文件?
Advanced Packaging Tool（apt）是Linux下的一款安装包管理工具。最初只有.tar.gz的打包文件，用户必须编译每个他想在GNU/Linux上运行的软件。用户们普遍认为系统很有必要提供一种方法来管理这些安装在机器上的软件包，当Debian诞生时，这样一个管理工具也就应运而生，它被命名为dpkg。从而著名的“package”概念第一次出现在GNU/Linux系统中，稍后Red Hat才决定开发自己的“rpm”包管理系统。
很快一个新的问题难倒了GNU/Linux制作者，他们需要一个快速、实用、高效的方法来安装软件包，当软件包更新时，这个工具应该能自动管理关联文件和维护已有配置文件。Debian再次率先解决了这个问题，APT(Advanced Packaging Tool）作为dpkg的前端诞生了。APT后来还被Conectiva改造用来管理rpm，并被其它Linux发行版本采用为它们的软件包管理工具。
APT由几个名字以“apt-”打头的程序组成。apt-get、apt-cache 和apt-cdrom是处理软件包的命令行工具。
Linux命令—apt，也是其它用户前台程序的後端，如dselect 和aptitude。
作为操作的一部分，APT使用一个文件列出可获得软件包的镜像站点地址，这个文件就是/etc/apt/sources.list 参考技术A 基于AutoCAD系统进行APT语言自动编程,似乎是用AutoCAD。
Ubuntu下apt-get安装文件提示：apt-get -f install
问题：
在通过apt-get安装内存测试工具lmbench的时候，出现如下错误：
apt-get install lmbench
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run ‘apt-get -f install‘ to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mpt-status : Depends: daemon but it is not going to be
installed
Depends: mailx
E: Unmet dependencies. Try ‘apt-get -f install‘ with no packages
(or specify a solution).
诊断：
通过资料查找，发现可能是安装的其他软件包不兼容导致了，同时根据提示需要执行“apt-get -f install ”来卸载之前的冲突包。
还有个命令是：aptitude -f install
解决：
执行如下命令：
aptitude -f install
No packages will be installed, upgraded, or removed.
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 1 not
upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 0 B will be used.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
mpt-status : Depends: daemon but it is not going to be
installed.
Depends: mailx which is a virtual package.
The following actions will resolve these dependencies:
Remove the following packages:
1) mpt-status
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
Invalid response; please enter one of the following commands:
y: accept the proposed changes
n: reject the proposed changes and search for another solution
q: give up and quit the program
.: move to the next solution
,: move to the previous solution
o: toggle between the contents of the solution and an
explanation of the solution
e: examine the solution in the visual user interface
x: abort automatic dependency resolution; resolve dependencies
by hand instead
r (ID|pkg ver) ...: reject the given package versions; don‘t
display any solutions in which they occur. Enter UNINST instead
of a version to reject
removing the package. ID is the integer
printed to the left of the action.
a (ID|pkg ver) ...: accept the given package versions; display
only solutions in which they occur. Enter UNINST instead of a
version to accept
removing the package. ID is the integer
printed to the left of the action.
<ID>: display information about the action labeled ID from the
solution. The label is the integer printed to the left of the
action.
<ACTION> pkg... : adjust the state of the listed packages,
where ACTION is one of:
‘+‘ to install packages
‘+M‘ to install packages and immediately flag them as
automatically installed
‘-‘ to remove packages
‘_‘ to purge packages
‘=‘ to place packages on hold
‘:‘ to keep packages in their current state without placing
them on hold
‘&M‘ to mark packages as automatically installed
‘&m‘ to mark packages as manually installed
Accept this solution? [Y/n/q/?] y
The following packages will be REMOVED:
mpt-status{a}
0 packages upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 0 not
upgraded.
Need to get 0 B of archives. After unpacking 89.1 kB will be
freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n/?] y
dpkg: warning: parsing file ‘/var/lib/dpkg/status‘ near line
13600 package ‘storcli‘:
missing maintainer
(Reading database ... 97017 files and directories currently
installed.)
Removing mpt-status (1.2.0-4.2.hwraid1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Current status: 0 broken [-1], 0 updates [-1].
再来执行apt-get install lmbench即可。
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